Mind the suffix: Pseudoword processing in children and adults.

Previous evidence has shown that pseudowords made up of real morphemes take more time to process and generate more errors than pseudowords without morphemes in a lexical decision task. The explanation for these results is controversial because two possible arguments may be posited; the first is related to the morphological composition of the stimuli, and the second is related to the larger semantic interpretability of pseudowords with morphemes in comparison with pseudowords without morphemes (a semantic-based explanation). To disentangle this issue, we conducted an experiment with 92 children and 42 adults. For this purpose, a lexical decision task was implemented, controlling for semantic interpretability while manipulating the morphological status of pseudowords. The results show that the morphological composition of pseudowords generates larger latencies and more errors than pseudowords without morphemes, thereby corroborating that morphemes are activated during pseudoword processing even in the case of young readers.

Terapia de presión negativa con instilación para el tratamiento de heridas infectadas: recomendaciones de utilización basadas en la evidencia / Negative pressure therapy with instillation for the treatment of infected wounds: recommendations of utilization based on evidence

Objetivo: Establecer recomendaciones relacionadas con la terapia de presión negativa con instilación según efectividad, seguridad, eficiencia, guías de consenso y estabilidades contrastadas de las soluciones de instilación. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para contrastar la evidencia disponible en cuanto a efectividad, seguridad y eficiencia de la terapia de presión negativa con instilación, así como la existencia de guías de consenso de utilización. Se clasificaron los artículos en función de la "Escala de clasificación de evidencia para estudios terapéuticos" según la Sociedad Americana de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 estudios, de los cuales cinco fueron estudios de cohortes comparativos (nivel II y III de evidencia), y el resto correspondieron a series de casos (nivel IV de evidencia). Se seleccionaron dos guías de consenso con recomendaciones según tipo de herida, solución de instilación, tiempo de retención de solución, presión de vacío y tiempo de vacío apropiado. Según la literatura y la evidencia disponible, se propusieron y establecieron recomendaciones sobre la terapia de presión negativa con instilación en nuestro hospital, incluyendo datos de estabilidad de las soluciones propuestas. Conclusiones: Este manuscrito proporciona pautas preliminares para la aplicación de la terapia de presión negativa con instilación hasta que nuevas evidencias apoyen o modifiquen estas recomendaciones

Objective: To establish recommendations related to negative pressure therapy with instillation according to effectiveness, safety, efficiency, consensus guidelines and stability data of instillation solutions. Method: A literature search was conducted to compare the available evidence regarding effectiveness, safety and efficiency of negative pressure therapy with instillation, as well as the existence of consensus guidelines for use. The articles were classified according to the "Scale of evidence classification for therapeutic studies" of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Results: A total of 13 studies were included, of which five were comparative cohort studies (level II and III of evidence), and the rest corresponded to case series (level IV of evidence). Two consensus guidelines were selected with recommendations regarding the type of wound, instillation solution, solution retention time, vacuum pressure and appropriate vacuum time. According to literature and available evidence, recommendations were proposed and established on negative pressure therapy with instillation in our hospital, including stability data of the proposed solutions. Conclusions: This paper provides preliminary guidelines on the application of negative pressure therapy with instillation until new evidence supports or modifies these recommendations

Negative pressure therapy with instillation for the treatment of infected wounds: recommendations of utilization based on evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To establish recommendations related to negative pressure therapy  with instillation according to effectiveness, safety, efficiency, consensus guidelines and stability data of instillation solutions. METHOD: A literature search was conducted to compare the available evidence  regarding effectiveness, safety and efficiency of negative pressure therapy with  instillation, as well as the existence of consensus guidelines for use. The articles  were classified according to the "Scale of evidence classification for therapeutic  studies" of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included, of which five were comparative cohort studies (level II and III of evidence), and the rest  corresponded to case series (level IV of evidence). Two consensus guidelines  were selected with recommendations regarding the type of wound, instillation solution, solution retention time, vacuum pressure and appropriate  vacuum time. According to literature and available evidence, recommendations were proposed and established on negative pressure therapy  with instillation in our hospital, including stability data of the proposed solutions. CONCLUSIONS: This paper provides preliminary guidelines on the application of  negative pressure therapy with instillation until new evidence supports or  modifies these recommendations.

Objetivo: Establecer recomendaciones relacionadas con la terapia de presión negativa con instilación según efectividad, seguridad, eficiencia, guías de  consenso y estabilidades contrastadas de las soluciones de instilación. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para contrastar la evidencia disponible en cuanto a efectividad, seguridad y eficiencia de la terapia de presión negativa con instilación, así como la existencia de guías de consenso de utilización. Se clasificaron los artículos en función de la "Escala de clasificación de evidencia para estudios terapéuticos" según la  Sociedad Americana de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva.Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 estudios, de los cuales cinco fueron estudios de  cohortes comparativos (nivel II y III de evidencia), y el resto correspondieron a  series de casos (nivel IV de evidencia). Se seleccionaron dos guías de consenso  con recomendaciones según tipo de herida, solución de instilación, tiempo de  retención de solución, presión de vacío y tiempo de vacío apropiado. Según la  literatura y la evidencia disponible, se propusieron y establecieron recomendaciones sobre la terapia de presión negativa con  instilación en nuestro hospital, incluyendo datos de estabilidad de las soluciones  propuestas.Conclusiones: Este manuscrito proporciona pautas preliminares para la aplicación de la terapia de presión negativa con instilación hasta que nuevas evidencias apoyen o modifiquen estas recomendaciones.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans en pacientes pediátricos / Dermatofribosarcoma protuberans in pediatric patients

Antecedentes y Objetivos. Presentamos 3 casos de dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) en pacientes pediátricos para documentar la presentación clínica poco frecuente de esta patología. Pacientes y Método. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de los 3 últimos casos de DFSP en nuestro centro durante los años 2010 - 2013. Resultados. Una niña de 12 años remitida desde otra institución por DFSP en parte distal del muslo, en la que ampliamos bordes quirúrgicos de resección en 3 cm y practicamos cobertura con dermis artificial e injerto autólogo; tras 1 año de observación sin recidiva, realizamos reconstrucción del defecto mediante injertos autólogos de grasa. Otra niña de 12 años diagnosticada de Síndrome de Hamartomatosis Múltiple asociado al gen PTEN, que presentó DFSP en labio mayor derecho y en mama derecha, recidivante en esta última localización. Por último, un DFSP congénito en una paciente remitida a los 3 meses de vida con tumoración gigante de pared abdominal. El diagnóstico orientativo inicial con resonancia magnética con gadolino, solo se confirmó finalmente por los hallazgos histopatológicos de la pieza de resección; ni la punción aspiración ni la biopsia cutánea lograron confirmar el diagnóstico. Conclusiones. El DFSP es un tipo de sarcoma raro de la piel del niño y del adulto, localmente agresivo y con una alta tasa de recidiva. La escisión local amplia puede provocar mutilaciones y desfigurar al paciente; por ello la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs permite reducir los márgenes quirúrgicos (AU)

Background and Objectives. We present 3 cases of dermato fibro sarcoma protuberans (DFSP) to document the unusual clinical presentation of this condition in pediatric patients. Patients and Methods. We conduct a retrospective descriptive analysis of the last 3 cases of DFSP treated in our institution during years 2010-2013. Results. A 12-year-old girl referred from another institution for DFSP in distal thigh; we practised surgical margins extended 3 cm resection and cover with artificial dermis and autologous graft; after 1 year follow up without recurrence, reconstruction of the defect was performed using autologous fat grafts. Another 12-year-old girl diagnosed of Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome associated with PTEN gene, who presented DFSP at the right labia major and at the right breast, being recurrent in this last location. Finally, a congenital DFSP in a patient referred at 3 months with giant tumour of abdominal wall. The initial diagnosis was made by MRI with gadolinium. The final diagnosis of DFSP was made based on histopathological findings of the piece following surgical resection, because percutaneous biopsy or skin biopsy couldn´t confirm the diagnostic. Conclusions. DFSP is a rare type of sarcoma of the skin in children and adults, locally aggressive, with a high rate of recurrence. Wide local excision may cause maiming and disfiguring to the patient, thereby Mohs micrographic surgery (CMM) enables to reduce surgical margins (AU)

El colgajo fasciocutáneo dorsal ulnar en quemaduras eléctricas de la mano: un colgajo constante, rápido y seguro / Fasciocutaneous dorsal ulnar artery flap in electric hand burns: a constant, fast and secure flap

Antecedentes y Objetivos. La extremidad superior es el área más frecuentemente afectada en las quemaduras eléctricas de alto voltaje, con una alta tasa de amputaciones, síndromes compartimentales y defectos de partes blandas que precisan cobertura. La literatura en cuanto a la cirugía reconstructiva de la mano con quemaduras eléctricas es escasa, pero es fundamental en la fase aguda establecer un plan quirúrgico y una cobertura estable de estos frecuentes defectos en mano y muñeca. Pacientes y Método. Empleamos el colgajo fasciocutáneo dorsal ulnar en 3 pacientes con defectos cutáneos en muñeca secundarios a quemaduras eléctricas de alto voltaje, durante la fase aguda de estas lesiones, Resultados. Obtuvimos en todos los casos una cobertura estable y de alta calidad y sin registrar complicaciones relacionadas con el colgajo o con la zona donante. Conclusiones. Debido a la constancia de su pedículo, la rapidez y seguridad de su disección y la preservación de ambos ejes arteriales, el colgajo fasciocutáneo dorsal ulnar es una herramienta de primer uso en la cobertura de los defectos de la mano y de la muñeca tras quemaduras eléctricas de alto voltaje (AU)

Background and Objectives. Upper limb is the most frequently affected area in high-voltage electric injuries, with a high incidence of amputations, compartment syndrome and tissue defects requiring coverage associated. Published data when reviewing literature about reconstructive surgery of the hand with high-voltage electric injuries are scarce, but a surgical plan and a quality coverage of the frequent tissue defects in hand and wrist in the acute phase is essential. Patients and Methods. Fasciocutaneous dorsal ulnar artery flap was used to repair acute soft tissue defects on the wrist of 3 patients who had suffered high-voltage electric injuries. Results. The flap provided in all our cases a reliable and durable coverage, keeping both arterial axis of the hand intact. No complications of the flap or the donor site were registered. Conclusions. Because the flap does not compromise hand arteries and provides a stable coverage with direct dissection and constant pedicle, dorsal ulnar artery flap is an excellent choice for soft tissue reconstruction in hands with high-voltage electric injuries (AU)

Intravehicular, Short- and Long-Range Communication Information Fusion for Providing Safe Speed Warnings.

Inappropriate speed is a relevant concurrent factor in many traffic accidents. Moreover, in recent years, traffic accidents numbers in Spain have fallen sharply, but this reduction has not been so significant on single carriageway roads. These infrastructures have less equipment than high-capacity roads, therefore measures to reduce accidents on them should be implemented in vehicles. This article describes the development and analysis of the impact on the driver of a warning system for the safe speed on each road section in terms of geometry, the presence of traffic jams, weather conditions, type of vehicle and actual driving conditions. This system is based on an application for smartphones and includes knowledge of the vehicle position via Ground Positioning System (GPS), access to intravehicular information from onboard sensors through the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, vehicle data entry by the driver, access to roadside information (short-range communications) and access to a centralized server with information about the road in the current and following sections of the route (long-range communications). Using this information, the system calculates the safe speed, recommends the appropriate speed in advance in the following sections and provides warnings to the driver. Finally, data are sent from vehicles to a server to generate new information to disseminate to other users or to supervise drivers' behaviour. Tests in a driving simulator have been used to define the system warnings and Human Machine Interface (HMI) and final tests have been performed on real roads in order to analyze the effect of the system on driver behavior.

Thymbra capitata essential oil prevents cell death induced by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.

An interdisciplinary experimental investigation on the antioxidant activity of Thymbra capitata essential oil was made. This plant is a Mediterranean culinary herb, whose essential oil antioxidant power has recently been demonstrated in vitro as one of the highest in nature. We tested if this in vitro antioxidant capacity was reproducible on biological systems using as model system primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The composition and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the T. capitata essential oil were also assessed. Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species level were measured in cells treated with pathophysiologic doses of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (< 10 µM) or vehicle after being pre-incubated with small concentrations of the T. capitata essential oil, and the ability of small doses (< 40 ppm) to prevent the death of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes proved very remarkable. Long-term pre-incubation (12 h) with 20 ppm prevented 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced cell death and avoided mitochondrial membrane potential loss and reactive oxygen species generation caused by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. A deleterious effect was shown at doses higher than 40 ppm. The results of this study pave the way to further analysis in animal models to achieve a deeper understanding of the in vivo antioxidant power of T. capitata essential oil.

Comparing speed estimations from a moving vehicle in different traffic scenarios: absence versus presence of traffic flow.

The aim of this research was to study the performance in a speed estimation task of a passenger travelling in a real car in different scenarios: a closed track used in previous experimental studies was compared with interurban traffic environment involving a secondary road and a highway. At the same time, the effect of sex and driving experience on speed estimation was analyzed. Thirty-six participants (18 male and 18 female, half of each group being drivers and half non-drivers) estimated the speed of the car in which they travelled as passengers. The actual speed values varied in the range of 40-100 km/h for the secondary road, 70-120 km/h for the highway condition, and 40-120 km/h for the track. The results obtained for the track in previous studies (Recarte and Nunes, 1996; Recarte, Conchillo, and Nunes, 2004, 2005) were replicated in the same condition and were also verified for the secondary road scenario. However, a different pattern of errors was found for the highway. From the viewpoint of psychophysics, the participants were more accurate on the without-traffic track than in real traffic conditions, considered as a whole. The differences found between road and highway are discussed. No effect was found for between- subject variables, sex, and driving experience.

Comparing speed estimations from a moving vehicle in different traffic scenarios: absence versus presence of traffic flow

The aim of this research was to study the performance in a speed estimation task of a passenger travelling in a real car in different scenarios: a closed track used in previous experimental studies was compared with interurban traffic environment involving a secondary road and a highway. At the same time, the effect of sex and driving experience on speed estimation was analyzed. Thirty-six participants (18 male and 18 female, half of each group being drivers and half non-drivers) estimated the speed of the car in which they travelled as passengers. The actual speed values varied in the range of 40-100 km/h for the secondary road, 70-120 km/h for the highway condition, and 40-120 km/h for the track. The results obtained for the track in previous studies (Recarte & Nunes, 1996; Recarte, Conchillo, & Nunes, 2004, 2005) were replicated in the same condition and were also verified for the secondary road scenario. However, a different pattern of errors was found for the highway. From the viewpoint of psychophysics, the participants were more accurate on the without-traffic track than in real traffic conditions, considered as a whole.The differences found between road and highway are discussed. No effect was found for between- subject variables, sex, and driving experience (AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar las estimaciones de la velocidad de un coche real circulando en diferentes escenarios: un circuito sin tráfico, utilizado en estudios experimentales previos, se compara con un escenario interurbano abierto al tráfico, consistente en un tramo de carretera convencional y un tramo de autovía. Asimismo se analiza el efecto del sexo y la experiencia de conducción sobre las estimaciones de la velocidad. Treinta y seis participantes (mitad varones, mitad mujeres y, por experiencia, mitad conductores y mitad no conductores) estimaron la velocidad del coche en el que iban sentados como pasajeros. Las velocidades a estimar variaron de 40 a 100 km/h en carretera, de 70 a 120 km/h en autovía, y de 40 a 120 km/h en el circuito. Los resultados obtenidos en circuito replicaron los de estudios previos (Recarte y Nunes, 1996; Recarte, Conchillo y Nunes, 2004; 2005), y también los obtenidos en carretera. Sin embargo, la estimación en autovía presentó un patrón de errores diferente a los anteriores. Desde el punto de vista de la psicofísica, los sujetos estimaron con más precisión en el circuitos en tráfico que en las dos condiciones de tráfico real, carretera y autovía, en su conjunto.Se comentan las diferencias entre carretera y autovía. No se encontraron diferencias debidas a las variables inter-sujetos, sexo y experiencia en conducción (AU)