Learning Curve for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Cumulative Summation (CUSUM) Analysis.

PURPOSE: Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective and durable treatment option for morbid obesity. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a popular technique and may currently be the most frequently practiced surgical operation to treat obesity. However, no objective analyses of its learning curve have been reported. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the learning curve for LSG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included all LSGs performed in our hospital (University Hospital, Spain; Public Practice) from April 2013 to February 2016. The learning curve for LSG was evaluated using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. All variables among the learning curve phases were compared. RESULTS: According to the CUSUM analysis, the learning curve was divided into three unique phases: early learning (the initial 26 patients), acquisition of skills (the middle 30 patients), and mastery of technique (the final 56 patients). The operative time and gastric stenosis significantly decreased with progression of the learning curve without differences in the 30-day postoperative complication rate, postoperative stay, or weight loss. CONCLUSION: According to this study, the learning curve for LSG can be divided into 3 distinct phases, and about 25 patients are needed to demonstrate an improvement in surgical skill.

[Influence of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on weight-loss results during the first year after sleeve gastrectomy]. / Influencia del confinamiento por COVID-19 en los resultados ponderales durante el primer año tras la gastrectomía vertical.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic has lead to lockdown of population in many countries. In Spain, the state of alarm was established from March 15 to June 20, 2020. Usually this fact decreased people's mobility and physical activity, in addition to producing or exacerbating psychological disorders. Our aim was to determine the influence that this condition had over the short-term ponderal results of patients undergoing laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy from May 2019 to May 2020. METHODS: Case-control study for comparing the percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL) and the percentage of total weight lost (%TWL) of patients that underwent a VG during the last year, so they were affected by lockdown in April and part of March 2020 (group 1), to the %EWL and %TWL of a control group (group 2), obtained from our previous series. RESULTS: The mean %EWL in group 1 is 47,37 ± 18,59 and in group 2 is 51,13 ± 17,59, being p = 0,438. Meanwhile, the mean %TWL in group 1 is 21,14 ± 8,17 and in group 2 is 24,67 ± 8,01, with p = 0,115. CONCLUSIONS: Population lockdown by COVID-19 did not get worse short-term results of vertical gastrectomy. More studies with a larger number of patients are necessary to draw firm conclusions.

Influencia del confinamiento por COVID-19 en los resultados ponderales durante el primer año tras la gastrectomía vertical / Influence of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on weight-loss results during the first year after sleeve gastrectomy

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19ha obligado al confinamiento de la población en muchos países. En España, el estado de alarma se estableció desde el 15 de marzo al 20 de junio del 2020. Este hecho, por lo general, disminuyó la movilidad y la actividad física de las personas, además de producir o exacerbar alteraciones psicológicas. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la influencia que esta situación ha ejercido sobre los resultados ponderales a corto plazo de los pacientes tratados mediante una gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica entre mayo del 2019 y mayo del 2020. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles donde se compararon el porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido (%EWL) y el porcentaje de peso total perdido (%TWL) de los pacientes intervenidos en el último año y a los que ha afectado el confinamiento durante el mes de abril y parte de marzo del 2020 (grupo 1; n=20), con el de un grupo control (grupo 2; n=40) de nuestra casuística previa. Resultados: El %EWL medio en el grupo 1 es de 47,37±18,59 y en el grupo 2 es de 51,13±17,59, siendo la p=0,438. Por su parte, el %TWL medio en el grupo 1 es de 21,14±8,17 mientras que en el grupo 2 es de 24,67±8,01, resultando la p=0,115. Conclusiones: El confinamiento de la población por COVID-19 no empeoró los resultados ponderales a corto plazo de la gastrectomía vertical. Son necesarios más estudios con un mayor número de pacientes para obtener conclusiones más sólidas. (AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has lead to lockdown of population in many countries. In Spain, the state of alarm was established from March 15 to June 20, 2020. Usually this fact decreased people's mobility and physical activity, in addition to producing or exacerbating psychological disorders. Our aim was to determine the influence that this condition had over the short-term ponderal results of patients undergoing laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy from May 2019 to May 2020. Methods: Case-control study for comparing the percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL) and the percentage of total weight lost (%TWL) of patients that underwent a VG during the last year, so they were affected by lockdown in April and part of March 2020 (group 1), to the %EWL and %TWL of a control group (group 2), obtained from our previous series. Results: The mean %EWL in group 1 is 47,37±18,59 and in group 2 is 51,13±17,59, being p=0,438. Meanwhile, the mean %TWL in group 1 is 21,14±8,17 and in group 2 is 24,67±8,01, with p=0,115. Conclusions: Population lockdown by COVID-19 did not get worse short-term results of vertical gastrectomy. More studies with a larger number of patients are necessary to draw firm conclusions. (AU)

Influence of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on weight-loss results during the first year after sleeve gastrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic has lead to lockdown of population in many countries. In Spain, the state of alarm was established from March 15 to June 20, 2020. Usually this fact decreased people's mobility and physical activity, in addition to producing or exacerbating psychological disorders. Our aim was to determine the influence that this condition had over the short-term ponderal results of patients undergoing laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy from May 2019 to May 2020. METHODS: Case-control study for comparing the percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL) and the percentage of total weight lost (%TWL) of patients that underwent a VG during the last year, so they were affected by lockdown in April and part of March 2020 (group 1), to the %EWL and %TWL of a control group (group 2), obtained from our previous series. RESULTS: The mean %EWL in group 1 is 47.37±18.59 and in group 2 is 51.13±17.59, being P=.438. Meanwhile, the mean %TWL in group 1 is 21.14±8.17 and in group 2 is 24.67±8.01, with P=.115. CONCLUSIONS: Population lockdown by COVID-19 did not get worse short-term results of vertical gastrectomy. More studies with a larger number of patients are necessary to draw firm conclusions.

Endoscopic treatment of postoperative esophagogastric leaks with fully covered self-expanding metal stents

BACKGROUND: the management of postoperative esophageal leaks is a huge therapeutic challenge. Thanks to the advances in endoscopy, treatment with esophageal stents has been proposed as a valid option. AIMS: the main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of fully covered esophageal metal stents in the treatment of postoperative esophageal leaks. METHODS: a retrospective observational study was performed in patients with postoperative esophageal leaks, treated with fully covered self-expandable metal stents between June 2011 and May 2018. RESULTS: twenty-five patients were evaluated and 34 stents were placed. The closure of the leak was observed in 21 patients after removal of the stent, with an overall technical success rate of 84 %. The mean time with a stent placed for closure of the fistula was 55.7 ± 27.11 days/patient (mean of 39 ± 24.30 days/stent). The most frequent complication was a partial distal stent migration (7/34 stents), followed by five cases of complete migration into the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: endoscopic treatment with fully covered selfexpandable metal stents seems to be an effective and safe first-line treatment for postoperative esophageal leaks, according to the experience in our center

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Endoscopic treatment of postoperative esophagogastric leaks with fully covered self-expanding metal stents.

BACKGROUND: the management of postoperative esophageal leaks is a huge therapeutic challenge. Thanks to the advances in endoscopy, treatment with esophageal stents has been proposed as a valid option. AIMS: the main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of fully covered esophageal metal stents in the treatment of postoperative esophageal leaks. METHODS: a retrospective observational study was performed in patients with postoperative esophageal leaks, treated with fully covered self-expandable metal stents between June 2011 and May 2018. RESULTS: twenty-five patients were evaluated and 34 stents were placed. The closure of the leak was observed in 21 patients after removal of the stent, with an overall technical success rate of 84 %. The mean time with a stent placed for closure of the fistula was 55.7 ± 27.11 days/patient (mean of 39 ± 24.30 days/stent). The most frequent complication was a partial distal stent migration (7/34 stents), followed by five cases of complete migration into the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: endoscopic treatment with fully covered self-expandable metal stents seems to be an effective and safe first-line treatment for postoperative esophageal leaks, according to the experience in our center.

Hemorragia digestiva alta por malformación arteriovenosa pancreática tratada exitosamente mediante embolización transarterial / No disponible

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Gastrointestinal bleeding in a pancreatic arteriovenous malformation successfully treated by transarterial embolization.

Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), but it must be recognized in clinical practice, as it may be a potentially lethal condition in case of rupture and haemorrhage. This anatomic alteration is extremely rare as less than a hundred cases are reported in the scientific literature. The aim of this work is to report a case of PAVM presented as upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and successfully treated by transarterial embolization.

Influencia del confinamiento por COVID-19 en los resultados ponderales durante el primer año tras la gastrectomía vertical / Influence of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on ponderal results during the first year after vertical gastrectomy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia por COVID-19ha obligado al confinamiento de la población en muchos países. En España, el estado de alarma se estableció desde el 15 de marzo al 20 de junio del 2020. Este hecho, por lo general, disminuyó la movilidad y la actividad física de las personas, además de producir o exacerbar alteraciones psicológicas. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la influencia que esta situación ha ejercido sobre los resultados ponderales a corto plazo de los pacientes tratados mediante una gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica entre mayo del 2019 y mayo del 2020. MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles donde se compararon el porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido (%EWL) y el porcentaje de peso total perdido (%TWL) de los pacientes intervenidos en el último año y a los que ha afectado el confinamiento durante el mes de abril y parte de marzo del 2020 (grupo 1; n = 20), con el de un grupo control (grupo 2; n = 40) de nuestra casuística previa. RESULTADOS: El %EWL medio en el grupo 1 es de 47,37 ± 18,59 y en el grupo 2 es de 51,13 ± 17,59, siendo la p = 0,438. Por su parte, el %TWL medio en el grupo 1 es de 21,14 ± 8,17 mientras que en el grupo 2 es de 24,67 ± 8,01, resultando la p = 0,115. CONCLUSIONES: El confinamiento de la población por COVID-19 no empeoró los resultados ponderales a corto plazo de la gastrectomía vertical. Son necesarios más estudios con un mayor número de pacientes para obtener conclusiones más sólidas

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic has lead to lockdown of population in many countries. In Spain, the state of alarm was established from March 15 to June 20, 2020. Usually this fact decreased people's mobility and physical activity, in addition to producing or exacerbating psychological disorders. Our aim was to determine the influence that this condition had over the short-term ponderal results of patients undergoing laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy from May 2019 to May 2020. METHODS: Case-control study for comparing the percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL) and the percentage of total weight lost (%TWL) of patients that underwent a VG during the last year, so they were affected by lockdown in April and part of March 2020 (group 1), to the %EWL and %TWL of a control group (group 2), obtained from our previous series

Barrett's esophagus: "All diseases are divine and all are human".

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a controversial condition. The significance of this condition lies in its premalignant potential, so it is important that clinically applicable biomarkers be identified for early detection and targeted prevention. Dysplasia is currently used as main biomarker, but others most recently surveyed in cancer also include microRNAs. Classically, BE was considered to be an acquired disease related to pathological gastroesophageal acid and bile reflux. However, some cases are associated with genetic predisposition, representing an inherited, familial form of BE. The actual gene, or genes, involved in this condition have not yet been identified. Main therapeutic options include medical treatment and antireflux surgery. Both types of treatment are equally efficient in controlling symptoms and neither is able to cause the metaplastic segment to disappear, which is why the risk of malignancy remains. However, we may use endoscopic radiofrequency to eradicate BE and replace it by the typical squamous epithelium of the esophagus. The currently accepted indications of radiofrequency in BE include low- and high-grade dysplasia, but not Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia. In conclusion, BE may have two different presentations: environmental ("human", reflux) or sporadic BE, which is the most common form, and genetic ("divine", inherited) or familiar BE, less common but with a greater risk for malignancy. As they might be two different diseases, surveillance programs and treatments should also be different.

Resultados de las diferentes opciones quirúrgicas para el tratamiento del cáncer de la unión esofagogástrica. Revisión de la evidencia / Results of the different surgical options for the treatment of cancer of the esophagogastric junction: Review of the evidence

Existe una importante controversia en el manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de cardias. Parece unánime que los tumores tipo i de Siewert se intervengan como un cáncer de esófago y los Siewert III como un cáncer gástrico. Sin embargo, sobre el «verdadero» cáncer de cardias o Siewert II no existe consenso. Es obvia la necesidad de un margen proximal y distal libre, así como una correcta linfadenectomía. Para algunos es necesaria la esofaguectomía para realizar una correcta cirugía oncológica radical, pero otros autores defienden que es suficiente con un abordaje abdominal para realizar una gastrectomía total y esofaguectomía distal. Tanto los trabajos publicados con cierta antigüedad como aquellos más recientes no aclaran este dilema y sus resultados son contradictorios. El hecho de realizar un tratamiento quimioterápico previo a la cirugía, puede reducir el tamaño tumoral y la presencia de adenopatías, por lo que las opciones quirúrgicas pueden haber cambiado en los últimos años

There is significant controversy in the management of cardiac cancer. It seems unanimous that Siewert type I tumors be operated on as cancer of the esophagus and Siewert type III as gastric cancer. However, for "true" cancer of the gastric cardia or Siewert II, the authors do not agree. There is the obvious need for free proximal and distal margins, as well as correct lymphadenectomy. For some, esophagectomy is necessary to perform correct radical oncological surgery, but other authors defend that an abdominal approach is sufficient to perform total gastrectomy and distal esophagectomy. Recent and older papers published do not clarify this issue, and their results are contradictory. Chemotherapy prior to surgery can reduce the size of the tumor and the presence of lymphadenopathies

Barrett's esophagus: "all diseases are divine and all are human"

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a controversial condition. The significance of this condition lies in its premalignant potential, so it is important that clinically applicable biomarkers be identified for early detection and targeted prevention. Dysplasia is currently used as main biomarker, but others most recently surveyed in cancer also include microRNAs. Classically, BE was considered to be an acquired disease related to pathological gastroesophageal acid and bile reflux. However, some cases are associated with genetic predisposition, representing an inherited, familial form of BE. The actual gene, or genes, involved in this condition have not yet been identified. Main therapeutic options include medical treatment and antireflux surgery. Both types of treatment are equally efficient in controlling symptoms and neither is able to cause the metaplastic segment to disappear, which is why the risk of malignancy remains. However, we may use endoscopic radiofrequency to eradicate BE and replace it by the typical squamous epithelium of the esophagus. The currently accepted indications of radiofrequency in BE include low- and high-grade dysplasia, but not Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia. In conclusion, BE may have two different presentations: environmental ("human", reflux) or sporadic BE, which is the most common form, and genetic ("divine", inherited) or familiar BE, less common but with a greater risk for malignancy. As they might be two different diseases, surveillance programs and treatments should also be different

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Evolución del reflujo gastroesofágico tras la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica. Estudio radiológico, manométrico y pH-métrico / Evolution of gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy. A radiographic, manometric and pH-metric study

Introducción: la relación entre la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica (GVL) y el reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE) es aún controvertida, por lo que su investigación tiene gran interés para llegar a conclusiones definitivas. Nuestro objetivo es determinar si la GVL modifica el RGE pH-métrico de los pacientes obesos y, en caso de que así sea, analizar algunos factores que pudieran explicarlo. Pacientes y métodos: incluimos los primeros 26 pacientes que recibieron una GVL en nuestro centro. Se realizaron un tránsito baritado, una pH-metría ambulatoria de 24 horas y una manometría intraluminal esofágica (MIE) con cuatro canales previamente y al año de la operación. Resultados: de los datos pH-métricos, el índice de DeMeester mostró un aumento significativo (p = 0.028) tras la intervención, mientras que los demás parámetros fueron similares. Por otra parte, se observó que el 50% de los pacientes con RGE pH-métrico preoperatorio mostraron tasas normales al año de la operación. En la MIE objetivamos que la presión del esfínter esofágico inferior (EEI) disminuyó, así como la amplitud media de las ondas en el tercio distal esofágico (p = 0,007 y p = 0,025, respectivamente). En el estudio radiológico la tasa de hernias de hiato "de novo" fue del 36,4%. Conclusión: la GVL determina un aumento leve del RGE, probablemente relacionado con la aparición de hernias de hiato así como con una disminución de la presión del EEI y de la capacidad de barrido esofágico. Sin embargo, no debe contraindicarse la GVL a pacientes con RGE preoperatorio pH-métrico pues puede negativizarse tras la operación

Introduction: the relationship between laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy (LVG) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is still controversial. Therefore, its study is of great interest in order to obtain definitive conclusions. The goal of the study was to establish whether LVG modifies pH-metric GER in obese patients and to analyze the associated factors. Patients and methods: the first 26 patients who underwent LVG in our institution were enrolled in the study. A barium swallow, 24-hour ambulatory pH-metry and four-channel intraluminal esophageal manometry (IEM) were all performed before and one year after surgery. Results: among the pH-metric data, there was a significant increase in the DeMeester index after the procedure (p = 0.028), while other parameters remained unchanged. Furthermore, 50% of patients with preoperative pH-metric GER had normal values at one year after surgery. IEM showed a decrease in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and in the mean wave amplitude at the distal third of the esophagus (p = 0.007 and p = 0.025, respectively). The rate of newly-developed hiatal hernias in the radiographic study was 36.4%. Conclusion: LVG mildly increases GER, which is likely related to the development of hiatal hernias and a decrease in LES pressure and esophageal sweep. However, LVG should not be contraindicated for patients with preoperative pH-metric GER, as this may clear after the procedure

Evolution of gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy. A radiographic, manometric and pH-metric study.

INTRODUCTION: the relationship between laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy (LVG) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is still controversial. Therefore, its study is of great interest in order to obtain definitive conclusions. The goal of the study was to establish whether LVG modifies pH-metric GER in obese patients and to analyze the associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: the first 26 patients who underwent LVG in our institution were enrolled in the study. A barium swallow, 24-hour ambulatory pH-metry and four-channel intraluminal esophageal manometry (IEM) were all performed before and one year after surgery. RESULTS: among the pH-metric data, there was a significant increase in the DeMeester index after the procedure (p = 0.028), while other parameters remained unchanged. Furthermore, 50% of patients with preoperative pH-metric GER had normal values at one year after surgery. IEM showed a decrease in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and in the mean wave amplitude at the distal third of the esophagus (p = 0.007 and p = 0.025, respectively). The rate of newly-developed hiatal hernias in the radiographic study was 36.4%. CONCLUSION: LVG mildly increases GER, which is likely related to the development of hiatal hernias and a decrease in LES pressure and esophageal sweep. However, LVG should not be contraindicated for patients with preoperative pH-metric GER, as this may clear after the procedure.

Results of the different surgical options for the treatment of cancer of the esophagogastric junction: Review of the evidence. / Resultados de las diferentes opciones quirúrgicas para el tratamiento del cáncer de la unión esofagogástrica. Revisión de la evidencia.

There is significant controversy in the management of cardiac cancer. It seems unanimous that Siewert type I tumors be operated on as cancer of the esophagus and Siewert type III as gastric cancer. However, for "true" cancer of the gastric cardia or Siewert II, the authors do not agree. There is the obvious need for free proximal and distal margins, as well as correct lymphadenectomy. For some, esophagectomy is necessary to perform correct radical oncological surgery, but other authors defend that an abdominal approach is sufficient to perform total gastrectomy and distal esophagectomy. Recent and older papers published do not clarify this issue, and their results are contradictory. Chemotherapy prior to surgery can reduce the size of the tumor and the presence of lymphadenopathies.

¿Está indicada la gastrectomía profiláctica en pacientes sanos portadores del gen CDH1 para el cáncer gástrico difuso hereditario? / Is prophylactic gastrectomy indicated for healthy carriers of CDH1 gene mutations associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer?

Introducción: el cáncer gástrico difuso hereditario (CGDH) constituye uno de los síndromes de cáncer hereditario recientemente comunicados. Aquellos pacientes con sospecha de CGDH deben ser vigilados con endoscopia y toma múltiples de biopsias. Como alternativa, algunos autores proponen la realización de gastrectomía profiláctica (GP) en los portadores de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia con una familia portadora de la mutación CDH1 a los que se realizó una GP. Pacientes y métodos: nuestro caso índice corresponde a una mujer de 34 años que se diagnosticó de un adenocarcinoma gástrico difuso con carcinomatosis masiva. Presentaba antecedentes familiares de adenocarcinoma gástrico en siete ascendientes. Se realizó un estudio genético mediante secuenciación de CDH1, en el cual se encontró la mutación c1577G>A en el exón 11 del gen CDH1. Resultados: esta mutación estaba también presente en otros seis familiares de la paciente, a los que se les realizó una gastrectomía profiláctica. La anatomía patológica de los estómagos de estos pacientes informó de múltiples focos microscópicos de adenocarcinoma en cinco de ellos, a pesar de que en las numerosas endoscopias realizadas antes de la cirugía no fueron detectados. Conclusiones: recomendamos realizar una gastrectomía profiláctica en los pacientes portadores del gen CDH1 a pesar de ausencia de lesiones tumorales en el screening endoscópico

Introduction: hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a recently reported hereditary cancer syndrome. Patients with suspected HDGC must be under surveillance via endoscopy and multiple biopsies. As an alternative, some studies suggest prophylactic gastrectomy (PG) for disease carriers. The goal of this article was to report our experience with a CDH1 mutation positive family who underwent PG. Patients and methods: the index case was a 34-year-old female diagnosed with diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma and massive carcinomatosis. There was a family history of gastric adenocarcinoma in seven family members. A genetic study identified the c.1577G>A mutation, in exon 11 of the CDH1 gene via sequencing analysis. Results: this mutation was also present in other six family members, who subsequently underwent prophylactic gastrectomy. The pathology study of resected gastric segments revealed multiple microscopic foci of adenocarcinoma in five of these individuals. These foci were not detected in the multiple endoscopies performed before surgery. Conclusions: we recommend prophylactic gastrectomy for CDH1 mutation carriers even in the absence of lesions during endoscopic screening

Is prophylactic gastrectomy indicated for healthy carriers of CDH1 gene mutations associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer?

INTRODUCTION: hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a recently reported hereditary cancer syndrome. Patients with suspected HDGC must be under surveillance via endoscopy and multiple biopsies. As an alternative, some studies suggest prophylactic gastrectomy (PG) for disease carriers. The goal of this article was to report our experience with a CDH1 mutation positive family who underwent PG. PATIENTS AND METHODS: the index case was a 34-year-old female diagnosed with diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma and massive carcinomatosis. There was a family history of gastric adenocarcinoma in seven family members. A genetic study identified the c.1577G>A mutation, in exon 11 of the CDH1 gene via sequencing analysis. RESULTS: this mutation was also present in other six family members, who subsequently underwent prophylactic gastrectomy. The pathology study of resected gastric segments revealed multiple microscopic foci of adenocarcinoma in five of these individuals. These foci were not detected in the multiple endoscopies performed before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: we recommend prophylactic gastrectomy for CDH1 mutation carriers even in the absence of lesions during endoscopic screening.

Papel de las endoprótesis autoexpandibles en el tratamiento de la dehiscencia intratorácica tras el procedimiento de Ivor Lewis / Role of self-expanding stents in the treatment of intrathoracic dehiscence after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy

INTRODUCCIÓN: El papel que desempeñan las endoprótesis autoexpandibles en el tratamiento de las dehiscencias tras la esofagectomía transtorácica no está bien definido y resulta controvertido. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar la experiencia en un hospital de tercer nivel con el empleo de estos dispositivos en las dehiscencias tras la esofagectomía de Ivor Lewis. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional descriptivo de los pacientes que han presentado una dehiscencia de anastomosis tras una esofagectomía transtorácica y, en especial, de aquellos tratados mediante endoprótesis, en el periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2016 en nuestro centro hospitalario. RESULTADOS: Diez pacientes (11,8%) presentaron una dehiscencia anastomótica, 8 de los cuales recibieron endoprótesis. Un paciente portador de endoprótesis falleció por causas ajenas a la misma. En un paciente se objetivó migración del dispositivo, manteniéndose una media de permanencia de 47,3 días. La prótesis no fue efectiva en un paciente que tuvo una dehiscencia precoz por isquemia aguda gástrica. Fallecieron los 2 pacientes que no recibieron endoprótesis después de la reintervención. CONCLUSIONES: Las endoprótesis son dispositivos seguros y efectivos que no asocian mortalidad en nuestra serie. Están especialmente indicadas en dehiscencias intermedias o tardías y en pacientes frágiles, pues, junto con el drenaje mediastínico y pleural, evitan reintervenciones gravadas con morbimortalidad. Por tanto, las endoprótesis deben formar parte del arsenal terapéutico habitual para la resolución de la mayoría de las dehiscencias de sutura tras la esofagectomía de Ivor Lewis. La puesta en marcha de estudios prospectivos aleatorizados ayudaría a determinar con mayor precisión el papel que desempeñan estos dispositivos en el tratamiento de las dehiscencias tras una esofagectomía transtorácica

INTRODUCTION: The role that self-expanding stents play in the treatment of dehiscence after transthoracic esophagectomy is not well defined and controversial. Our aim is to describe the experience in a tertiary care hospital using these devices for treating dehiscence after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. METHODS: Descriptive observational study of patients who suffered anastomotic dehiscence after a transthoracic esophagectomy, and especially those treated with stents, in the period between 2011-2016 at our hospital. RESULTS: Ten patients (11.8%) presented anastomotic dehiscence. Eight patients received stents, one of them died due to causes unrelated to the device. Stent migration was observed in one case, and the devices were maintained an average of 47.3 days. The stent was not effective only in one patient who suffered early dehiscence due to acute ischemia of the stomach. The two patients who did not receive stents died after reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Stents are safe and effective devices that did not associate mortality in our series. They are especially indicated in intermediate or late-onset dehiscence and in fragile patients. The use of stents, together with mediastinal and pleural drainage, avoid reoperations with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, stents should be part of the usual therapeutic arsenal for the resolution of most suture dehiscences after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Randomized prospective studies would help to more precisely determine the role played by these devices in the treatment of dehiscence after transthoracic esophagectomy

Role of self-expanding stents in the treatment of intrathoracic dehiscence after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. / Papel de las endoprótesis autoexpandibles en el tratamiento de la dehiscencia intratorácica tras el procedimiento de Ivor Lewis.

INTRODUCTION: The role that self-expanding stents play in the treatment of dehiscence after transthoracic esophagectomy is not well defined and controversial. Our aim is to describe the experience in a tertiary care hospital using these devices for treating dehiscence after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. METHODS: Descriptive observational study of patients who suffered anastomotic dehiscence after a transthoracic esophagectomy, and especially those treated with stents, in the period between 2011-2016 at our hospital. RESULTS: Ten patients (11.8%) presented anastomotic dehiscence. Eight patients received stents, one of them died due to causes unrelated to the device. Stent migration was observed in one case, and the devices were maintained an average of 47.3 days. The stent was not effective only in one patient who suffered early dehiscence due to acute ischemia of the stomach. The two patients who did not receive stents died after reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Stents are safe and effective devices that did not associate mortality in our series. They are especially indicated in intermediate or late-onset dehiscence and in fragile patients. The use of stents, together with mediastinal and pleural drainage, avoid reoperations with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, stents should be part of the usual therapeutic arsenal for the resolution of most suture dehiscences after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Randomized prospective studies would help to more precisely determine the role played by these devices in the treatment of dehiscence after transthoracic esophagectomy.

La cirugía en el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago: ¿cuestiones agotadas o cirujanos agotados en las cuestiones? / Surgical treatment for esophageal cancer: Are the questions finished or are the surgeons who are finished by the questions?

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