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2.
Gac Med Mex ; 156(4): 306-310, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32831320

ABSTRACT

COVID-19, the causative agent of which is a new type of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, has caused the most severe pandemic in the last 100 years. The condition is mainly respiratory, and up to 5% of patients develop critical illness, a situation that has put enormous pressure on the health systems of affected countries. A high demand for care has mainly been observed in intensive care units and critical care resources, which is why the need to redistribute resources in critical medicine emerged, with an emphasis on distributive justice, which establishes the provision of care to the largest number of people and saving the largest number of lives. One principle lies in allocating resources to patients with higher life expectancy. Mechanical ventilator has been assumed to be an indivisible asset; however, simultaneous mechanical ventilation to more than one patient with COVID-19 is technically possible. Ventilator sharing is not without risks, but the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and justice prevail. According to distributive justice, being a divisible resource, mechanical ventilator can be shared; however, we should ask ourselves if this action is ethically correct.


COVID-19, cuyo agente causal es un nuevo tipo de coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2, ha provocado la pandemia más grave en los últimos 100 años. La afección es principalmente respiratoria y hasta 5 % de los pacientes desarrolla enfermedad crítica, lo cual ha producido una enorme presión sobre los sistemas de salud de los países afectados. Principalmente se ha observado alta demanda de atención en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y de recursos de atención vital. De ahí la necesidad de redistribuir los recursos en medicina crítica, con énfasis en la justicia distributiva, la cual establece atender al mayor número de personas y salvar el mayor número de vidas. Un principio estriba en asignar los recursos a pacientes con mayores expectativas de vida. Se ha dado por hecho que el ventilador mecánico es un bien indivisible; sin embargo, técnicamente es posible la ventilación mecánica simultánea a más de un paciente con COVID-19. La acción de compartir el ventilador no está exenta de riesgos, pero prevalecen los principios de beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia. Conforme la justicia distributiva, al ser un bien divisible, el ventilador mecánico puede ser compartido, sin embargo, cabe preguntarse si esta acción es éticamente correcta.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Critical Care/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Critical Illness , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(4): 302-306, Jul.-Aug. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249915

ABSTRACT

Abstract COVID-19, the causative agent of which is a new type of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, has caused the most severe pandemic in the last 100 years. The condition is mainly respiratory, and up to 5 % of patients develop critical illness, a situation that has put enormous pressure on the health systems of affected countries. A high demand for care has mainly been observed in intensive care units and critical care resources, which is why the need to redistribute resources in critical medicine emerged, with an emphasis on distributive justice, which establishes the provision of care to the largest number of people and saving the largest number of lives. One principle lies in allocating resources to patients with higher life expectancy. Mechanical ventilator has been assumed to be an indivisible asset; however, simultaneous mechanical ventilation to more than one patient with COVID-19 is technically possible. Ventilator sharing is not without risks, but the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and justice prevail. According to distributive justice, being a divisible resource, mechanical ventilator can be shared; however, we should ask ourselves if this action is ethically correct.


Resumen COVID-19, cuyo agente causal es un nuevo tipo de coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2, ha provocado la pandemia más grave en los últimos 100 años. La afección es principalmente respiratoria y hasta 5 % de los pacientes desarrolla enfermedad crítica, lo cual ha producido una enorme presión sobre los sistemas de salud de los países afectados. Principalmente se ha observado alta demanda de atención en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y de recursos de atención vital. De ahí la necesidad de redistribuir los recursos en medicina crítica, con énfasis en la justicia distributiva, la cual establece atender al mayor número de personas y salvar el mayor número de vidas. Un principio estriba en asignar los recursos a pacientes con mayores expectativas de vida. Se ha dado por hecho que el ventilador mecánico es un bien indivisible; sin embargo, técnicamente es posible la ventilación mecánica simultánea a más de un paciente con COVID-19. La acción de compartir el ventilador no está exenta de riesgos, pero prevalecen los principios de beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia. Conforme la justicia distributiva, al ser un bien divisible, el ventilador mecánico puede ser compartido, sin embargo, cabe preguntarse si esta acción es éticamente correcta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Critical Care/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Critical Illness , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units
4.
Gac Med Mex ; 147(1): 51-62, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21412397

ABSTRACT

In order to strengthen the academic and social management of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, from the draft paper presented to run for Vice President of the corporation, in 2007 I proposed to the plenary of the institution to develop a planning exercise strategy, in fact supporting the achievement of that objective. The idea behind the proposal, which was supported by most scholars, started from the consideration that although the Academy has always been an area of excellence for the advancement of medicine in the country, it was now necessary to strengthen, modernize and give a new direction to its work, on the basis of an exercise analysis and background checks, work, commitment and vision, under a inclusive, plural and agreed strategy with the academic body of the corporation, i.e. through a designed planning exercise. The result of this surely positive effort is presented in the following pages. To this end, part of the initial project description illustrates the process of technical and methodological development, the lines of action considered as priorities by academics, and details involving its realization. This planning strategy project yielded three specific conclusions: (i) the necessity for a functional reorganization proposal of the Academy's structure; (ii) the need for a self-sustainability financial project to fortify the economic capacity of the Academy; and (iii) the need for an updated project on technological communication of the Academy.


Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Academies and Institutes/standards , Mexico , Time Factors
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 32(2): 156-169, mar.-abr. 1990.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-95589

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una metodología para evaluar la calidad de los servicios que ortogan las instituciones de salud, con base en los procedimientos realizados y experiencias del Sector. Dicha metodología, propuesta por el Grupo Básico de Evaluación, permitirá integrar el diagnóstico situacional operativo de las unidades de atención médica, así como facilitar la identificación de los problemas en la prestación de los servicios y la elaboración de alternativas de solución, que contribuye de esta manera a lograr una adecuada atención, con mayor calidad y eficiencia en beneficio de los pacientes usuarios. Su ámbito de aplicación es prácticamente en todos los niveles jerárquicos, desde el nivel de departamento o servicio hasta el nivel macro sectorial, debiendo ejecutarse en forma permanente, sistemática y continua


A methodology for evaluating the quality of services rendered by the health institutions is presented. This methodology, proposed by the Basic Evaluation Group of the Health Sector, includes an operational diagnosis of the health care units, allowing the identification of service-rendering problems, this faciliting the elaboration of alternative solutions in the patient's best interests. It can be applied at all levels of the institutional hierarchy, from service and department levels to the macro dimension of health care. In order to obtain its best results, the methodology must be utilized sistematically and continuously.


Subject(s)
Quality of Health Care/standards , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Health Facilities , Health Services , Mexico
18.
Salud pública Méx ; 30(2): 197-201, mar.-abr. 1988.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-62158

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se describe el papel que juega la purisdicción sanitaria dentro del Sistema Estatal de Salud en México, cuyo objetivo último es armonizar los programas de servicios de salud e los gobiernos de los estados y los sectores social y privado para garantizar el derecho constitucional de la protección a la salud


Subject(s)
Health Systems/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation as Topic , Health Systems/organization & administration , Health Services/organization & administration , Mexico
20.
In. Tlaxcala. Secretaria de Salud; Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Fortalecimiento de los sistemas locales de salud: jurisdiccionales y municipales. s.l, Tlaxcala. Secretaria de Salud, 1988. p.67-73.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-60925
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