Esophageal biomechanics assessed by impedance planimetry (EndoFLIPTM) in healthy subjects and in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Normality values.

BACKGROUND: active eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with esophageal caliber, distensibility and motility changes that may be reversed with treatment. OBJECTIVES: to study esophageal diameter, distensibility and contractility in healthy subjects compared to patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, both before and after treatment. METHODS: a quasi-experimental study, EndoFLIP™, was used to analyze the esophageal body and esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) in all three groups, and a program was designed to obtain esophageal diameter, distensibility and contractility values. RESULTS: ten healthy volunteers (24-61 years, six men) and nine patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (21-52 years, seven men) were included. The esophagogastric junction distensibility index was 5.07 mm2/Hg in the control subjects, 2.40 mm2/Hg in the subjects with eosinophilic esophagitis before treatment and 2.46 mm2/Hg after treatment. The distensibility plateau was 20.02 mm, 15.43 mm and 17.41 mm, respectively, and the diameter was 21.90 mm, 17.73 mm and 18.30 mm, showing significant differences (p < 0.05), except between control subjects and patients after treatment (p = 0.079). Repetitive antegrade contractions developed in 90 % of control subjects, 66.7 % of eosinophilic esophagitis patients before treatment and 88.9 % of the latter after treatment (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: esophago-gastric junction distensibility index, distensibility plateau and diameter values were higher in controls than in patients, although six weeks of treatment seems a short period to observe significant changes in esophageal biomechanics. Repetitive antegrade contractions are the predominant pattern in healthy subjects and eosinophilic esophagitis. We provide normality values for esophageal biomechanics, measured by impedance planimetry in our setting.

Risk of COVID-19 transmission in esophageal, anorectal manometry and 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring.

BACKGROUND: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the interruption of most manometry or impedance-pH monitoring studies. The risk of restarting activities is unknown. OBJECTIVE: assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, both to patients and healthcare workers, in relation to esophageal and anorectal functional tests during the pandemic without protective measures. METHOD: a questionnaire was designed to determine whether patients and healthcare workers had COVID-19, confirmed by either a test or compatible symptoms, after functional studies were performed from January until March 2020. RESULTS: the survey was answered by 263 (92.9 %) patients. Four (1.52 %) patients had confirmed COVID-19 in the two weeks after the functional test (adjusted rate 8.34 cases per 1,000 [95 % CI -0.06-16.74], OR 0.84 [95 % CI: 0.83-0.85], p < 0.001) and no patient after anorectal manometry. Another five had only compatible symptoms, for a total of nine patients (3.42 %) (adjusted rate 27.50 cases/1,000 [95 % CI: 7.27-47.74], OR 2.84 [95 % CI: 2.81-2.87]). In the total study period, 18.25 % had confirmed COVID-19 or compatible symptoms. The average number of days between the procedure and the first day of symptoms was progressively shortened (January: 56 days, February: 33 days, March: 10.5 days). Two of ten healthcare workers (20 %) had confirmed COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: the risk of COVID-19 infection when performing functional tests is low and more related to the evolution of the pandemic rather than to the procedure itself. The small number of healthcare workers included in the study does not allow a definitive conclusion to be drawn on their risk of infection.

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease: limits of medical treatment and surgical indications.

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) have long been considered as the ideal treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and their limitations and side effects have revealed a need for new therapeutic approaches. At present, the therapeutic gains achieved are relatively small or limited to groups of patients with specific characteristics. This article updates the contributions, indications, and limitations of pharmacological, endoscopic, and surgical treatment.

Trasplante de pulmón y disfunción esofágica / Lung transplantation and esophageal dysfunction

No disponible

Lung transplantation and esophageal dysfunction.

Lung transplants belong in the group of organ transplants with poorer outcomes, with acute rejection and bronchiolitis obliterans being cited as major causes of this. Poor allograft evolution has been associated with multiple factors, including those related to esophagogastric disease. In patients with end-stage pulmonary conditions eligible for a lung transplant gastroesophageal reflux (GER), esophageal dysmotily, and gastroparesis are highly prevalent and worsen upon transplantation, which may compromise transplant viability. High-resolution impedance manometry and long-term impedance pH-metry studies provide a new perspective where reflux and dysmotility share the limelight with changes in the diagnostic approach and in potential therapies.

Acalasia. Nuevos conceptos / Achalasia. New concepts

No disponible

Aspectos prácticos para la manometría esofágica de alta resolución / Practical aspects of high resolution esophageal manometry

La manometría esofágica de alta resolución (MAR) está en fase de desarrollo, como se evidencia por las diferentes clasificaciones de Chicago. Con el fin de unificar criterios en algunos aspectos prácticos con limitada evidencia científica se llevó a cabo la Primera Reunión Nacional de Consenso en Manometría de Alta Resolución del Grupo Español de Motilidad Digestiva, en la que participaron un amplio grupo de expertos. Las propuestas se basaron en una encuesta previa con 47 preguntas, la exhaustiva revisión de la bibliografía disponible y la experiencia de los participantes. Se plantearon aspectos metodológicos sobre criterios de análisis poco definidos de algunos nuevos parámetros de alta resolución y otros aspectos no considerados, como la actividad espontánea o las ondas secundarias, elaborándose conclusiones finales con utilidad práctica (AU)

High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is currently under development as can be seen in the various Chicago classifications. In order to standardize criteria in certain practical aspects with limited scientific evidence, the First National Meeting for Consensus in High Resolution Manometry of the Spanish Digestive Motility Group took place, bringing together a wide group of experts. The proposals were based on a prior survey composed of 47 questions, an exhaustive review of the available literature and the experience of the participants. Methodological aspects relating to the poorly defined analysis criteria of certain new high resolution parameters were discussed, as well as other issues previously overlooked such as spontaneous activity or secondary waves. Final conclusions were drawn with practical application (AU)

Practical aspects of high resolution esophageal manometry.

High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is currently under development as can be seen in the various Chicago classifications. In order to standardize criteria in certain practical aspects with limited scientific evidence, the First National Meeting for Consensus in High Resolution Manometry of the Spanish Digestive Motility Group took place, bringing together a wide group of experts. The proposals were based on a prior survey composed of 47 questions, an exhaustive review of the available literature and the experience of the participants. Methodological aspects relating to the poorly defined analysis criteria of certain new high resolution parameters were discussed, as well as other issues previously overlooked such as spontaneous activity or secondary waves. Final conclusions were drawn with practical applications.

pHmetría/impedancia-pHmetría de 24 horas / No disponible

No disponible

Oropharyngeal dysphagia, an underestimated disorder in pediatrics.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a rather frequent clinical entity in patients with neurological problems that can lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia and other disorders like dehydration or malnutrition due to feeding difficulties. It should be suspected in children with splitting of food intake or prolonged feeding, coughing or choking during feeding, continuous drooling or repeated respiratory symptoms. For the diagnosis, apart from the examination of swallowing, additional tests can be run like the water-swallowing test, the viscosity-volume test (which determines what kind of texture and how much volume the patient is able to tolerate), a fiberoptic endoscopy of swallowing or a videofluoroscopic swallow study, which is the gold standard for the study of swallowing disorders.It requires a multidisciplinary approach to guarantee an adequate intake of fluids and nutrients with minimal risk of aspiration. If these two conditions cannot be met, a gastrostomy feeding may be necessary.

Disfagia orofaríngea, un trastorno infravalorado en pediatría / Oropharyngeal dysphagia, an underestimated disorder in pediatrics

La disfagia orofaríngea es una entidad clínica bastante frecuente en pacientes con problemas neurológicos, que puede conllevar complicaciones graves como las neumonías aspirativas y otras alteraciones como deshidratación o desnutrición por dificultades para la alimentación. Debe sospecharse en niños con fraccionamiento de la toma o ingestas prolongadas, tos o atragantamientos asociados a la alimentación, babeo continuo o sintomatología respiratoria de repetición. Para su diagnóstico, además de la exploración de la deglución, pueden hacerse pruebas complementarias como la prueba de deglución del agua, la de viscosidad-volumen (determina qué tipo de textura y cuánto volumen puede tolerar el paciente), la fibroendoscopia de la deglución y la videofluoroscopia (el gold estándar para el estudio de los trastornos de la deglución). Requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar para asegurar un adecuado aporte oral de líquido y nutrientes, con mínimo riesgo de aspiración. Si estas dos condiciones no son posibles puede ser necesaria la alimentación por gastrostomía

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a rather frequent clinical entity in patients with neurological problems that can lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia and other disorders like dehydration or malnutrition due to feeding difficulties. It should be suspected in children with splitting of food intake or prolonged feeding, coughing or choking during feeding, continuous drooling or repeated respiratory symptoms. For the diagnosis, apart from the examination of swallowing, additional tests can be run like the water-swallowing test, the viscosity-volume test (which determines what kind of texture and how much volume the patient is able to tolerate), a fiberoptic endoscopy of swallowing or a videofluoroscopic swallow study, which is the gold standard for the study of swallowing disorders. It requires a multidisciplinary approach to guarantee an adequate intake of fluids and nutrients with minimal risk of aspiration. If these two conditions cannot be met, a gastrostomy feeding may be necessary