First modern human settlement recorded in the Iberian hinterland occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions.

As the south-westernmost region of Europe, the Iberian Peninsula stands as a key area for understanding the process of modern human dispersal into Eurasia. However, the precise timing, ecological setting and cultural context of this process remains controversial concerning its spatiotemporal distribution within the different regions of the peninsula. While traditional models assumed that the whole Iberian hinterland was avoided by modern humans due to ecological factors until the retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum, recent research has demonstrated that hunter-gatherers entered the Iberian interior at least during Solutrean times. We provide a multi-proxy geoarchaeological, chronometric and paleoecological study on human-environment interactions based on the key site of Peña Capón (Guadalajara, Spain). Results show (1) that this site hosts the oldest modern human presence recorded to date in central Iberia, associated to pre-Solutrean cultural traditions around 26,000 years ago, and (2) that this presence occurred during Heinrich Stadial 2 within harsh environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate that this area of the Iberian hinterland was recurrently occupied regardless of climate and environmental variability, thus challenging the widely accepted hypothesis that ecological risk hampered the human settlement of the Iberian interior highlands since the first arrival of modern humans to Southwest Europe.

[Copeman nodules, a frequent but little known cause of low back pain; case report]. / Nódulos de Copeman, una causa frecuente pero poco conocida de dolor lumbar: presentación de un caso.

Copeman nodules or episacral lipomas are a very prevalent entity in the general population. They consist of subfascial fat herniations at the episacral region, through weakened areas of the overlying thoracodorsal fascia. They are usually bilateral and symmetric. Only in rare cases they are the cause of clinical manifestations. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who presents with lumbar pain refractory to conventional treatments. Ultrasound examination suggests the diagnosis of Copeman nodules. The treatment of the patient is approached from a multidisciplinary perspective, finally deciding to operate the patient. After the intervention, the symptoms remitted shortly, allowing the patient to continue a normal life without discomfort or analgesic treatment.

Reacción granulomatosa difusa en mamas tras inyección de silicona fluida: a propósito de un caso / Diffuse granulomatous reaction in the breasts after fluid silicone injection: a case report

El uso de silicona fluida para el aumento mamario tuvo su auge entre los años cuarenta y setenta del siglo XX. Debido a su alta tasa de complicaciones, su utilización fue finalmente prohibida por la FDA a principios de los años noventa. Presentamos el caso de una mujer con múltiples nódulos mamarios y mastodinia de repetición secundarias a la inyección de silicona fluida en ambas mamas. Las inyecciones de silicona fueron realizadas en su país de origen con objetivo estético. Se realizó estudio mediante resonancia magnética de la mama, que demostró distribución difusa de la silicona en todo el espesor mamario y en especial bajo el complejo aréola-pezón (CAP). Se procedió a la realización de una mastectomía subcutánea bilateral incluyendo el CAP. Intraoperatoriamente se objetivó afectación difusa del espesor muscular del pectoral mayor, además de la ya conocida afectación de todo el parénquima glandular

The use of fluid silicone for breast augmentation reached a peak between the 1940s and 1970s. Due to the high rate of complications, its use was finally banned by the FDA in the early 1990s. We present the case of a woman with multiple mammary nodules and recurrent mastodynia due to the injection of fluid silicone in both breasts. The silicone injections were performed in her country of origin for cosmetic reasons. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast showed diffuse distribution of the silicone throughout the breast thickness and especially under the nipple-areola complex (NAC). A bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy was performed, including the NAC. Intraoperatively, diffuse muscular thickness of the pectoralis major was affected, in addition to the well-known involvement of the entire glandular parenchyma

Effect of mifepristone on the transcriptomic signature of endometrial receptivity.

STUDY QUESTION: How does a single dose of mifepristone on Day 2 after the LH peak (LH + 2) affect the endometrial receptivity transcriptome as assessed by the receptive signature established by the endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA)? SUMMARY ANSWER: A single dose of mifepristone on day LH + 2 renders the endometrium non-receptive by altering the transcriptome associated with endometrial receptivity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Mifepristone is a progesterone receptor modulator that has been shown to alter endometrial receptivity. The ERA is a computational predictor that utilizes gene expression data of 248 genes from next generation sequencing to identify endometrial receptivity status. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Endometrial biopsies were collected on day LH + 7 from controls (n = 11) and from women treated with mifepristone (n = 7). For further comparative analysis, samples were also obtained from women in the proliferative phase (n = 7). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Mifepristone treatment consisted of 200 mg administered on day LH + 2. Endometrial biopsies were treated for RNA isolation and cDNA conversion and sequencing. Endometrial receptivity status was assessed by the ERA computational predictor. Differential gene expression between groups was also assessed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for network analysis. Validation of gene expression results was done by qPCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Control samples were all staged around 'receptive' as would be clinically expected for LH + 7. Treatment samples were all staged as non-receptive (all but one was classified as 'proliferative' and the last as 'pre-receptive'). Differential gene expression analysis yielded 60 differentially expressed genes between the control and treatment groups. Bioinformatic pathway analysis for differential expression showed inactivation of the progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, consistent with mifepristone action. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The primary limitations are the relative small number of subjects and the use of a limited gene panel. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This study sheds further light on the endometrial receptivity altering effects of mifepristone and on progesterone action. It further shows the capacity of the ERA to identify pharmacologically induced non-receptive endometrium, which expands its possible use clinically and in research. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): C.v.G. and N.R.B. have no conflicts of interest. P.G.L. reports honorarium from University of HK/Shenzhen, other from NIF, India, outside the submitted work. K.G.D. reports consultancy for Bayer AG, Exelgyn, HRA-Pharma, Gedeon Richter, MSD, Mithra, Exeltis and Natural cycles, payment for lectures from Bayer AG, NSD, Ferring, HRA-Pharma, Exelgyn and Exeltis and clinical trials for Bayer AG, MSD, Exeltis, Mithra, HRA-Pharma and Sun Pharma. C.S. has a patent gene expression profile (ERA) issued to Igenomix and is scientific director of Igenomix S.L. M.R., R.N. and J.M.V. are employees of Igenomix S.L. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

What a difference two days make: "personalized" embryo transfer (pET) paradigm: a case report and pilot study.

Embryo implantation requires that the blastocyst will attach during the receptive stage of the endometrium, known as window of implantation (WOI). Historically, it has been assumed that the WOI is always constant in all women. However, molecular analyses of endometrial receptivity demonstrates a personalized WOI (pWOI) that is displaced in one out of four patients suffering from recurrent implantation failure (RIF) of endometrial origin and illustrates the utility of a personalized endometrial diagnostic approach. Here, we report a clinical case of successful personalized embryo transfer (pET) after four IVF and three oocyte donation failed attempts in which different embryo transfer strategies were attempted. This case report is complemented by a pilot study of 17 patients undergoing oocyte donation and who suffered failed implantations with routine embryo transfer (ET) but were then treated with pET after the personalized diagnosis of their WOI.

Un paciente con ginecomastia

La ginecomastia es el desarrollo de una mama de características femeninas en el varón. Puede aparecer de manera fisiológica durante diferentes etapas de la vida o ser secundaria a un proceso patológico o a terapia farmacológica. Antes de clasificar cualquier ginecomastia de fisiológica debe realizarse un estudio exhaustivo a fin de descartar posibles procesos patológicos subyacentes. La mayor parte de los casos que precisan cirugía corresponden a sujetos jóvenes con ginecomastia fisiológica que no remite en un período prudencial de tiempo y que causan un hondo trastorno psicológico en el paciente (AU)