Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation combined with lifestyle intervention on adipokines and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia.

Obesity in adolescents is considered a major public health problem; combined interventional approaches such as omega-3 supplementation with lifestyle intervention (LI) might exert synergistic effects and exceed the impact of each individual strategy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if the supplementation of omega-3 with LI could improve metabolic and endothelial abnormality in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. The study involved sixty-nine adolescents with normal weight and seventy obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. All obese adolescents were applied to LI and randomly assigned to omega-3 supplementation or placebo group for 12 weeks. The obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia presented increased levels of leptin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), selectin E (sE) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and decreased levels of adiponectin compared with control subjects. After 12-week intervention, omega-3 supplementation with LI decreased significantly in triglycerides, HOMA, leptin, RBP4, ADMA and sE. Moreover, omega-3 with LI displayed a significant reduction in triglycerides, ADMA and sE in comparison with LI alone. In subjects with omega-3 combined with LI assessed by multivariate regression model, the reduction in triglycerides was the only independent determinant of the decrease in ADMA. The reductions in triglycerides and HOMA were significantly contributed to the changes in sE. Our data indicated that omega-3 combined with LI in short duration significantly improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abnormality of adipokines, endothelial dysfunction in comparison of LI alone, indicating the combined approach is an effective clinical and applicable strategy to control metabolic abnormality and decrease the risks of cardiovascular diseases in obese adolescents.

Adipokines, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, and pulmonary function in adolescents with asthma and obesity.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate whether the metabolic abnormalities of adipokines and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) associate with pulmonary function deficits in adolescents with obesity and asthma. METHODS: This study enrolled 28 obese adolescents with asthma, 46 obese adolescents without asthma, 58 normal-weight adolescents with asthma, and 63 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of leptin, high-molecule-weight (HMW) adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and pulmonary function were qualified. RESULTS: The obese subjects had higher levels of leptin and ADMA but lower levels of HMW adiponectin than the normal-weight subjects with or without asthma. The subjects with asthma had higher levels of RBP4 than those without asthma. The obese adolescents with asthma had lowest forced expiratory lung volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio among the four study groups. In all the study subjects and in the subjects with asthma alone, the FEV1/FVC ratio associated negatively with leptin, however, such association was rendered non-significant when adjusted for BMI. The pulmonary function deficits associated inversely with BMI percentile in the subjects with asthma. However, the decreased FEV1/FVC ratio was not correlated with HMW adiponectin, RBP4 or ADMA. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study confirmed obstructive pattern of pulmonary function characterized by the reduced FEV1/FVC ratio in the obese adolescents with asthma. These pulmonary deficits were associated inversely with the increased BMI percentile.

Effect of six-month lifestyle intervention on adiponectin, resistin and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors in obese adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month lifestyle intervention on adiponectin, resistin, and two soluble forms of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR) in obese adolescents. A total of 54 obese adolescents aged 10 to 16 years completed the program. Twenty-four adolescents with normal weight at baseline were used as a control group. Our results demonstrated that obese adolescents had abnormal lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, adiponectin level (5.6 ± 2.7 vs. 7.6 ± 2.9 µg/mL, p = 0.005) as well as resistin level (31.0 ± 9.0 vs. 24.3 ± 8.5 ng/mL, p = 0.003), whereas levels of both sTNFRs were similar to those in normal weight subjects. After the six-month lifestyle intervention, obese adolescents had a slight but significant drop in standard deviation score-body mass index (SDS-BMI), a significant decrease in waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA index, as well as resistin, and a significant increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In adolescents without decreased SDS-BMI, no change was observed in adipokines. Changes in adiponectin correlated negatively with changes in waist circumference (r = -0.275, p = 0.044). Changes in resistin correlated positively with changes in triglycerides (r = 0.302, p = 0.027). The study demonstrated the increase of resistin and the decrease of adiponectin in obese adolescents. Lifestyle intervention improved adipokine abnormalities in obese subjects.

Changes in ghrelin and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in obese Mexican adolescents after six-month lifestyle intervention.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month lifestyle intervention on ghrelin and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in obese Mexican adolescents. A total of 65 obese Mexican adolescents aged 10-16 years completed a six-month lifestyle intervention. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and at six months. Twenty normal-weight adolescents were also evaluated at baseline. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Ghrelin and ADMA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Obese adolescents presented significantly higher triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and ADMA levels, while ghrelin was significantly lower. The lifestyle intervention led to a significant improvement in HOMA-IR, ghrelin, and ADMA in the whole studied obese subjects. ADMA and ghrelin levels were associated with BMI and IR components. According to the value of HOMA-IR, the obese subjects were divided into subjects with or without IR, no difference in ghrelin and ADMA was observed in these two subgroups. After intervention, the obese with IR showed increased ghrelin and decreased ADMA, while the obese without IR only showed improvement in ghrelin. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the changes of systolic blood pressure were the only predictor for the changes of ghrelin in the obese with IR. Our study demonstrated the increase of ADMA and the decrease of ghrelin in obese adolescents. Lifestyle intervention improved insulin resistance, decreased ADMA, and increased ghrelin in obese subjects with IR although no significant weight loss was observed.

Riesgo de enfermar por consumo de alimentos en la vía pública / Risk of illness for ingestion of food in the street

Se describen las condicionantes que inciden en la contaminación de alimentos expedidos en la vía pública, que constituyen un riesgo potencial para la salud. Se estudiaron las características sanitarias de 82 puestos de alimentos y se clasifican las variedades ahí vendidas en el área de Santo Tomas, de México, D.F. Los resultados indican en un 100 por ciento la ausencia de agua entubada y excusados. El agua utilizada en un 93.90 por ciento es acarreada; sólo 14 por ciento cuenta con hielera para su conservación, en 27 puestos (3.25 por ciento) venden los alimentos en forma fresca y predominan los de alto riesgo. La manipulación e higiene personal de los manejadore es deficiente y los alimentos prácticamente no son sometidos a ningún proceso higiénico. El número de consumidores por día fue de 376. Se concluye que existe una cadena de contaminación que hace que los alimentos ahí vendidos sean un riesgo para la salud

Hidratación oral o sin agua intermedia, en niños con diarrea aguda / Oral hydration with or without intermediate water in children with acute diarrhea

Se estudiaron 46 lactantes deshidratados por diarrea aguda, los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos: los niños del grupo A(23 casos) recibieron suero oral(SO) con la fórmula recomendada por OMS/UNICEF que contiene 90 mmol/l de sodio, durante un periodo de seis horas; los pacientes del grupo B(23 casos) recibieron dos tomas de SO por una toma de agua en tiempo semejante a los del primer grupo. Al corregir la deshidratación se observó incremento de la natremia y calemia en los pacientes del grupo A con descenso de estos parámetros en los niños del grupo B. Algunos pacientes del grupo B desarrollaron hiponatremia. Los resultados del estudio demuestran la eficacia y seguridad de la fórmula recomendada por la OMS/UNICEF sin tomas de agua intermedia, para la corrección de la deshidratación en niños con diarrea aguda

Características bioquímicas de las soluciones disponibles para hidratación oral en México / Biochemical characteristics of the solutions available in Mexico for oral hydration

Se estudió la composición electrolítica, pH y osmolalidad de seis soluciones para hidratación oral disponibles comercialmente en México. Con una sola excepción (Electrólitos orales), todas las soluciones restantes (Electrolit DX-5, Pedialyte, Solural, Lytren y Rehidratoral) mostraron pH ácido (3.8 a 5.1), en relación directa a su concentración de hidratos de carbono de 5% o más. Así mismo, dos soluciones (Electrolit DX-5 y Pedialyte) tuvieron osmolalidades superiores a las del plasma, entre 407 a 419 mOsm/Kg y una de ellas (Solural) osmolalidad superior a 700 mOsm/Kg. No se observaron variaciones significativas en la concentración de electrólitos, pH y osmolalidad de las soluciones después de 24 horas a temperatura ambiente. Se discuten las implicaciones terapéuticas del uso de soluciones para hidratación oral con bajo contenido de sodio, pH ácido, alto contenido de glucosa y elevada osmolalidad y se concluye que, a excepción de la solución de Electrólitos orales que tiene una composición semejante a la recomendada por la OMS, el resto de las soluciones disponibles en México, son inadecuadas para la corrección del desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico y ácido-base de los niños deshidratados por diarrea aguda