ABSTRACT
Information regarding trichodinid ectoparasites on marine fishes of North America is relatively scarce. In this study, 5 ciliate species from the family Trichodinidae were found associated with 8 fish hosts from the rocky intertidal zone of the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula (BCP), Mexico. All of the host-parasite relationships recorded here are new. Furthermore, 3 of the trichodinid species found are recorded for the first time for Mexico. Trichodinids taxa do not show a noticeable distributional gradient along the BCP, which suggests a wide-continuous distribution of the species throughout the study area.
Subject(s)
Ciliophora Infections/veterinary , Ciliophora/classification , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Animals , Ciliophora/ultrastructure , Ciliophora Infections/parasitology , Fishes , Gills/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Mexico , Pacific OceanABSTRACT
The environmental exposure to As, Se, Hg, Pb, Cr and toxaphene was assessed for 11 freshwater fish species in irrigation channels, agricultural return flow drains, a drain collecting lagoon and sections of the Colorado River at the Mexicali valley in Baja California, México, during August 2015-April 2016. Arsenic (2.90 ng ml-1) and Se (1.41 ng ml-1) in water had the highest concentrations in the return flow drains (Hardy River and Xochimilco Lagoon, respectively). However, fish axial muscle tissue had the highest concentration of Se (8.3 µg g-1) and Hg (0.36 µg g-1) in Colorado River fresh water, while As (1.7 µg g-1) in Hardy River fish was highest. Selenium concentrations in all fishes and toxaphene in Cyprinus carpio and Ameiurus natalis are above the safe levels for human consumption (0.3 µg g-1 and 180 ng g-1 respectively). Toxaphene was detected in the fish axial tissue, having the highest concentrations in Poecilia latipinna (690 ng g-1) in the Colorado River. The low proportion of the 8-Cl toxaphene congeners in fish suggests degradation of this pollutant. Tilapia. sp. cf. zillii had the most genotoxic damage with 7.4 micronucleated erythrocytes per 10,000 erythrocytes in Xochimilco Lagoon and 2 in Hardy River. The genotoxicity in all the fish species studied was significantly correlated to the concentrations of As and Se in water.
Subject(s)
Fishes/physiology , Metals/toxicity , Toxaphene/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Environmental Monitoring , Metals/metabolism , Mexico , Rivers , Toxaphene/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolismABSTRACT
A new species of nematode, Ascarophis morronei n. sp. (Cystidicolidae), is described from the stomach wall of the woolly sculpin Clinocottus analis (Cottidae) collected in the rocky intertidal from northwestern Baja California, Mexico. Collected nematodes were studied using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Sequence fragments for 18S rDNA molecular markers were obtained from the new nematode species, in order to test its position within the family Cystidicolidae under a phylogenetic context. Main characters distinguishing this new species include the reduced labia and the morphology of the eggs, distances of nerve ring and excretory pore from the anterior end, and left spicule of males. The new species described here is the second for the genus Ascarophis reported as adult in the Southern California Bight, and the first one recorded for the fish genus Clinocottus.
Subject(s)
Fish Diseases/parasitology , Perciformes/parasitology , Spirurida Infections/veterinary , Spiruroidea/classification , Animals , Bayes Theorem , Consensus Sequence , DNA, Helminth/chemistry , DNA, Helminth/genetics , DNA, Helminth/isolation & purification , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification , Female , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Spirurida Infections/epidemiology , Spirurida Infections/parasitology , Spiruroidea/genetics , Spiruroidea/isolation & purification , Spiruroidea/ultrastructure , Stomach/parasitologyABSTRACT
The parasitic prevalence and mean intensity in the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, was seasonally determined during an annual cycle (February 1994 to February 1995) in the confluence of the Colorado and Hardy rivers, Baja California, México. Two species of parasites were identified, a nematode, Contracaecum multipapillatum (von Drasche, 1882) (Ascaridida: Anisakidae), and a copepod, Ergasilus versicolor Wilson, 1911 (Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae). The larvae of C. multipapillatum, which were represented by two size classes (A and B stages), had prevalences of 30% and 14.5%, respectively; while A. versicolor had a prevalence of 72.7%. The mean intensity of C. multipapillatum was 6.18 and 2.37 individuals per infected fish for A and B stages, respectively; and for A. versicolor, it was of 4.01. The number of parasites (taxa combined) increased with the size of fish (r = 0.22, p = 0.02), but it was independent of the host's condition factor (KSL).
