[Gastric volvulus, an infrequent cause of acute abdominal pain]. / Vólvulo gástrico, causa infrecuente de dolor abdominal agudo.

Gastric volvulus (GV) is characterized by the abnormal rotation of a portion of the stomach around a horizontal or vertical axis that can cause obstruction, vascular disorder and even strangulation, and may evolve into necrosis or even perforation. It can be classified according to its aetiology into primary or secondary GV, according to its anatomy into axial organ or into axial mesenteric GV, and according to its presentation into chronic or acute GV. Both types of volvulus require treatment; however, in spite of the classic treatment being open surgery, there is no standard treatment, nor is there consensus on the alternative of choice at present. Minimally invasion techniques, whether endoscopic or laparoscopic, should be considered in patients of advanced age or high surgical risk, where what is sought is a reduction in perioperative morbidity and mortality.

[Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient with Crohn's disease]. / Hepatotoxicidad inducida por azatioprina en paciente con enfermedad de Crohn.

Immunosuppressive drugs are among the pharmacological groups with the most theoretical potential to induce adverse reactions, including hepatic reactions. We report the case of a 35-year-old patient with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine for steroid dependence which, after a hepatic biopsy, was diagnosed with nodular regenerative hyperplasia secondary to this treatment.

Hepatotoxicidad inducida por azatioprina en paciente con enfermedad de Crohn / Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient with Crohn’s disease

Los inmunosupresores se encuentran entre los grupos farmacológicos con mayor potencial teórico de inducir reacciones adversas, entre ellas las hepáticas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 35 años con enfermedad de Crohn en tratamiento con azatioprina por corticodependencia al que se le diagnosticó tras realización de una biopsia hepática de hiperplasia nodular regenerativa secundaria a este tratamiento (AU)

Immunosuppressive drugs are among the pharmacological groups with the most theoretical potential to induce adverse reactions, including hepatic reactions. We report the case of a 35-year-old patient with Crohn’s disease treated with azathioprine for steroid dependence which, after a hepatic biopsy, was diagnosed with nodular regenerative hyperplasia secondary to this treatment (AU)

Hemorragia digestiva baja grave en joven de 25 años / Severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a 25-year-old patient

La hemorragia digestiva baja se define como la que tiene su origen por debajo del ligamento de Treitz. La etiología de la misma varía dependiendo de la edad de los pacientes. Excluida la patología anorrectal benigna, en niños y jóvenes las causas más habituales son el divertículo de Meckel, los pólipos juveniles y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. El divertículo de Meckel es la anomalía congénita más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal, estando presente en el 2% de la población general. La mayoría de los divertículos de Meckel son asintomáticos y se diagnostican de forma incidental. Aproximadamente, el riesgo de presentar complicaciones es del 4-6%, siendo la hemorragia una de ellas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 25 años, que acudió a nuestro servicio con un cuadro de molestias abdominales inespecíficas y rectorregia. Tras estudio endoscópico completo, el diagnóstico de divertículo de Meckel se realizó intraoperatoriamente. Se realizó resección ileal incluyendo el divertículo, con evolución posterior satisfactoria(AU)

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding refers to blood loss originating from a site distal to the ligament of Treitz. The aetiology varies depending on the age of patients. Excluding benign anorectal pathology in children and young people, Meckel’s diverticulum, juvenile polyps and inflammatory bowel disease are the main causes. Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, being present in about 2% of the general population. Most Meckel’s diverticulum are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. The risk of complications is 4-6%, with bleeding as one of them(AU)

[Severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a 25-year-old patient]. / Hemorragia digestiva baja grave en joven de 25 años.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding refers to blood loss originating from a site distal to the ligament of Treitz. The aetiology varies depending on the age of patients. Excluding benign anorectal pathology in children and young people, Meckel's diverticulum, juvenile polyps and inflammatory bowel disease are the main causes. Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, being present in about 2% of the general population. Most Meckel's diverticulum are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. The risk of complications is 4-6%, with bleeding as one of them.

Ictericia secundaria a cistoadenoma seroso pancreático gigante / Jaundice secondary to giant pancreatic serous cystoadenoma

El cistoadenoma seroso es el segundo tumor quísticomás frecuente del páncreas y representa el 1-2% detodas las neoplasias exocrinas pancreáticas. Recientemente,gracias a las mejoras en las técnicas de imagen,la identificación de las lesiones quísticas pancreáticases cada vez más frecuente. El diagnóstico diferencial hade hacerse con el cistoadenoma mucinoso, debido alpotencial maligno de esta última entidad. En esta notaclínica describimos el caso de una paciente con ictericiaindolora y colestasis, con diagnóstico final de cistoadenomaseroso pancreático (AU)

Serous cystadenoma is the second most frequentpancreatic cystic neoplasm and accounts for 1-2% ofexocrine neoplasms of the pancreas. Recently, theyhave been identified more frequently, due to the improvementin imaging techniques. Differential diagnosisshould be performed with mucinous cystoadenoma,due to the latter´s potential for malignant transformation.We present the case of a female patient whounderwent examination for painless jaundice and cholestasis,with a final diagnosis of pancreatic serous cystoadenoma (AU)

Diagnostic yield and reliability of endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with idiopathic acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in patients with idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP), find factors predictive of a positive EUS finding in these patients and investigate whether these etiological findings are maintained during follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed EUS in patients with IAP between July 2004 and August 2007. We recorded epidemiological data, the number and severity of previous bouts of pancreatitis and gallbladder status. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were included in the study. EUS was normal in seven patients (16%). In the remaining 37 patients (84%) we found cholelithiasis (n = 3), microlithiasis (n = 20), chronic pancreatitis (n = 14), pancreas divisum (n = 3), pancreatic mass (n = 1), apudoma (n = 1), cystic tumor of the pancreas (n = 2) and choledocholithiasis (n = 2). Positive EUS findings were not influenced by sex, severity of pancreatitis or recurrent disease. Patients aged < 65 years (age > or < 65 years: 73.9% versus 95.2%; P = 0.097) and patients with gallbladder in situ (cholecystectomy versus non-cholecystectomy: 63.6% versus 90.9%; P = 0.054) showed a tendency to have positive EUS findings. Mean follow-up was 28.95 +/- 10.86 months (range 12-64 months; median 28 months). During follow-up the etiological diagnosis was changed in two patients, lowering the diagnostic yield to 79%. CONCLUSIONS: EUS identified the cause of IAP in 79% of patients. Patients with gallbladder in situ and patients aged < 65 years showed a tendency to have positive EUS findings. The majority of the diagnoses provided by EUS are maintained during follow-up and seem to be reliable.