[Dyslexia: clinical, neurophysiological and neuropsychological manifestations during the treatment with nootropil].

Forty children with dyslexia, aged 7-12 years, have been randomized into two groups in an open controlled study: 18 of them received Nootropil (piracetam) in the dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 2 months and 22 were examined as a control group. Nootropil exerted positive effects on reading and spelling skills in 56% of children with dyslexia who demonstrated the improvement of fluency and accuracy of reading along with a significant decrease of specific errors (dysphonemic and visuospatial) in dictation. In the control group, the improvement was seen only in 10% of children. These data corresponded to the results of neuropsychological testing that demonstrated the improvement of automatic lexical retrieval, phonological skills and sustained attention in dyslexic children treated with nootropil as compared to the control group. The dynamics of interhemispheric asymmetry in EEG alpha-theta-subbands (4-13 Hz) during the performance of incomplete figures recognition test in the nootropil treatment may be indicative of the formation of compensative mechanisms linked with the functional activation of the right hemisphere structures and associative anterior left hemisphere areas which contributed to the progress in reading and spelling skills.

[The use of instenon in children with minimal brain dysfunction]. / Primenenie instenona pri lechenii minimal'noi mozgovoi disfunktsii u detei.

Minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) represents the most common type of neuropsychic disorders in childhood. Resulting in focal damages, underdevelopment and dysfunction of one or another cortical regions of brain hemispheres, MBD manifested in children as movement and speech disorders, dysgraphy, dyslexia, dyscalculia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In the open controlled study, an efficacy of the complex nootropic medication "Instenon" was evaluated in the treatment of 59 MBD patients, aged 4-12 years. Control group included 27 children with MBD assigned to low polyvitamin (Sana Sol) doses. The treatment duration was 1 month. Before and after treatment, children with MBD underwent complex examination, which included parent's interviewing using structured questionnaire, general examination, with detailed analysis of complaints, neurological status investigation and psychological study. In the children taken instenon, distinct positive effect has been achieved in 71% of the cases, in control group--in 15%. Positive effect emerged in improvement of behavior characteristics, better school marks, movement, attention and memory indices, functions of psychic activity, organization, programming and control. When strictly keeping a scheme prescribed (gradual dose increase, drug taking in morning and day time), a risk for unfavorable side effects is minimal.