ABSTRACT
The present study was aimed at the assessment of effects of anxiolytic Selank and nootropic Semax on the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of each of the predefined regions of interest (ROIs) in 52 healthy participants. The ROIs included amygdala (one of the key regions for the regulation of anxiety) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; the key region for executive functions, including working memory) in the right and left hemisphere. Resting-state fMRI was carried out three times, namely before, after 5 and 20 min of the injection of either Semax, or Selank, or placebo. Between-group alongwith between-condition differences were revealed in FC between the right amygdala and a region in fusiform, inferior and middle temporal as well as parahippocampal gyri in the right hemisphere. Post hoc analysis allowed us to define both general and specific effects of Selank and Semax on FC between the right amygdala and the right temporal cortex for the first time.
Subject(s)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/analogs & derivatives , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Brain/drug effects , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology , Adult , Amygdala/drug effects , Amygdala/physiology , Brain/physiology , Connectome , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects , Prefrontal Cortex/physiologyABSTRACT
The processes of neuroplasticity of the motor cortex of the brain were evaluated in the treatment of 20 (12 women and 8 men) patients aged 18-35 years (22.5±1.5 years) with distal occlusion using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as well as comparison of surface myography (EMG) data to assess the adaptive capabilities of the tooth-jaw system and the central nervous system against the background of orthodontic correction. Correction of distal occlusion was carried out using ceramic braces 'Damon' (f. 'Ormco', USA). The advancement of the lower jaw forward with bite enhancement was carried out using the Twin force device ('Ortho Orgonizers GmbH', Germany). The study was conducted in five stages: 1) before orthodontic correction; 2) before installing the Twin force device; 3) after anterior displacement of the lower jaw and bite enhancement on the Twin force device; 4) after removing the brackets; 5) 1.5 months after the treatment. FMRI proved to be a useful tool for orthodontic treatment efficacy assessment and neuromuscular adaptation of maxillofacial structures to changing functional status.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion , Masticatory Muscles , Motor Cortex , Adolescent , Adult , Bite Force , Electromyography , Female , Humans , Male , Malocclusion/therapy , Masticatory Muscles/physiology , Motor Cortex/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The effects of nootropic drug Semax on the neuronal network of the brain were studied by the resting state functional magnetic-resonance imaging (resting state fMRI). The study was carried out on two groups of healthy volunteers (11 men and 13 women aged 43.9±9.5 years). Resting state fMRI was carried out 3 times: directly before and 5 and 20 min after intranasal 1% Semax (14 subjects) or placebo (10 subjects). The topography of the resting state default mode network was studied. A greater volume of the default mode network rostral (medial frontal cortex) subcomponent was detected in the Semax group in comparison with controls. Resting state fMRI confirmed Semax effects on the neuronal network of the brain and demonstrated topography of these effects.
