Expression of MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 in the Forceps Biopsy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens from Patients with the Central Lung Tumor.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the expression of the MAGE A subtypes family in the central lung tumor patients from the forceps biopsy (FB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens and to analyze its association with the histopathological examination. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on 32 FB and 43 BAL specimens from patients with central lung tumors. All samples were assessed for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression by reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and samples showing a positive result were examined for MAGE A subtypes family expression by nested-RT PCR. RESULT: The MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 genes were highly expressed in the FB and BAL specimens from patients with central lung tumors. The MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 gene and MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 gene were expressed in 60/75 (80%) and 16/75 (21.3 %), respectively. MAGE A8, MAGE A9, and MAGE A10 were the most commonly expressed. In FB specimens diagnosed without malignant cells, MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 and MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 were positive in 16/18 (88.9 %) and 1/18 (5.6 %), respectively. In all BAL specimens were diagnosed with no malignant cells, but MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 and MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 showed positive results in 36/43 (83.7%) and 9/43 (20.9%) %), respectively. There was a significant association between MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 expression with histopathological diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The MAGE A subtype family genes are highly expressed in central lung tumor patients from FB and BAL specimens, even in specimens that were diagnosed with no malignant cells. All BAL specimens were diagnosed as no malignant cells, but expression of the MAGE A subfamily genes was found in more than 80% of the specimens. These observations suggest that combining histopathological and molecular examination could improve the diagnosis of lung malignancy.

Polymerase chain reaction of human cytomegalovirus from liver and urine compared with serological test in cholestasis infants.

INTRODUCTION: The most common infection in cholestatic infants is caused by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The aims were to detect the presentation of HCMV in cholestatic infants and to evaluate the concordance, sensitivity, and specificity between serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of HCMV from liver biopsy and urine specimens. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 35 cholestatic infants with ethical approval. Specimens were liver biopsy, urine, and anti-HCMV serology. Liver and urine specimens were performed to nested PCR, followed by statistical analysis. RESULTS: PCR from the liver biopsy and urine specimen were positive in 74.3% and 85.7%, respectively. There was no concordance between IgM with the liver PCR, but there was a concordance between IgM with the urine PCR and between IgG with the liver and urine PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of IgM with the liver PCR were 46 % and 56%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 49%. While IgG sensitivity was 96% with a diagnostic accuracy of 80%. IgG sensitivity and IgM specificity compared with the urine PCR were 93% and 100%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of more than 60%. CONCLUSIONS: It demonstrates a high prevalence of HCMV DNA in urine and liver biopsy from cholestatic infants. HCMV PCR assay is more sensitive and specific than the anti-HCMV IgM, but IgG has high sensitivity and accuracy diagnostic. Therefore, serological examination is an option for diagnosing HCMV infection in cholestatic infants in developing countries with no PCR facilities.