Effect of physical training on metabolic responses of pregnant rats submitted to swimming under thermal stress.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of pre-pregnancy physical training on metabolic responses and its effects on offspring. METHODS: Three groups of rats (n = 7 in each group): sedentary pregnant rats (PS), exercised during pregnancy (PE) and pregnant rats trained before and during pregnancy (PT) were compared. They were separated into three subgroups regarding water temperature: 28°C, 35°C or 39°C. Plasma triglycerides and glucose levels, weight gain during pregnancy and rectal temperature pre and post exercise (swim), as well as the offspring size and weight were analysed. RESULTS: Rectal temperature post exercise was lower than pre exercise at 28°C and 35°C, and higher at 39°C. Weight gain was lower at 39°C for the PT group and at 35°C for the PT and PE groups compared to the PS group. Plasma glucose, at 28°C and 39°C for PS and PE groups, was higher than those obtained at 35°C, while triglycerides were lower. For trained rats, plasma glucose and triglycerides were similar at all water temperatures. Trained rats presented lower triglyceride values at 35°C, and higher triglyceride values at 39°C compared to PS group. Glucose presented inverse results. None of the groups presented fetal reabsorption. However, in the PS group, the offspring presented lower weight gain at 28°C than at 35°C and 39°C. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pre-pregnancy physical training induces steady values of triglycerides and glucose during exercise at all water temperatures.

Heart rate variability analysis in revascularized individuals submitted to an anaerobic potency test.

The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of autonomic modulation before, during and after the Modified Wingate Test (WanMT), through the analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Six volunteers between the ages of 40 and 70, post-revascularization procedures (angioplasty and/or surgery, mean duration 10 months), were submitted to supervised training for at least 10 to 14 months. The following protocol, divided into 5 phases, was used: 1) Rest Phase (RP): 180 seconds; 2) Submaximum Phase (SP): 30 seconds; 3) Maximum Phase (MP): 30 seconds; 4) Active Recuperation Phase (ARP); 120 seconds and; 5) Passive Recuperation Phase (PRP): 180 seconds. For the WanMT Test, we selected the load of 3.75% of corporal weight for all volunteers. To analyze the HRV, we used the following parameters: the interval RRr, MNN, SDNN, RMSSD and PNN50. We only observed results for the group according to RMSSD parameters during the rest phase of the test protocol in which the group remained in vagal presence and during all other phases in vagal depression. However, when we analyzed the PNN50, we observed that the group was in medium vagal presence during all of the phases of the test though there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between the phases. Therefore, we can say that all of the individuals had a similar profile in the autonomic response to the WanMT, confirmed by the parameters studied in the analysis of the HRV in the time domain.

Consumo máximo de oxigênio e limiar anaeróbio determinados em testes de esforços máximo na esteira rolante, bicicleta ergométrica e ergômetro de braço, em triatletas brasileiros / Maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold in maximal tests on treadmill, cycle ergometer and arm ergometer, in Brazilian triathletes

Nosso objetivo foi descrever o perfil fisiológico de triatletas altamente treinados e verificar se múltiplos modos de treinamento resultam em adaptaçoes genéricas ou específicas. O VO2 max e o Limiar Anaeróbio (L.A.) de 6 triatletas foram determinados durante testes máximos na esteira rolante (ER), bicicleta ergométrica (BE) e ergômetro de braço (EB). O VO2 max (ml.Kg(-1).min(-1)) foi de 61,48+ 5,89; 58,58+ 6,95 e 35,24+ 6,76 respectivamente para ER, BE e EB. O L.A. (ml.Kg(-1).min(-1) e por cento VO2 max) foi 50,49 + 5,05 e 82,3 + 9,0 para ER, 39,47+ 6,06 e 67,0 +8,5 para BE e 22,52 + 8,68 e 63,3 + 18,3 para EB. O VO2 max e o L.A. obtidos na ER sao semelhantes aos de corredores de longa distância, mas os obtidos na BE sao inferiores aos dos ciclistas de elite. O VO2 max nao foi diferente entre a ER e BE. Porém, o L.A. foi menor na BE do que na ER. Estes resultados, dao suporte à teoria da especificidade do treinamento e indica que os triatletas deste estudo possuem um maior potencial melhora no ciclismo do que na corrida.

Efeito do propranolol e metoprolol nas respostas cárdio-respiratórias e metabólicas ao exercício / Effects of propranolol and metoprolol on cardiorespiratory And metabolic responses to exercise.

PurposeTo study the effects of intravenous propranolol and metoprolol on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise. MethodsTwo groups of anaesthetized dogs (sodium pentobarbital, 33 mg/kg) were studied at rest and moderate exercise (induced by electrical stimulation) before and after metoprolol (0.4 mg/ Kg, n = 7) or propranolol (0.2 mg/kg, n = 10). Haemodynamic, metabolic and respiratory variables were measured. ResultsThere was a decrease in heart rate both at rest and during exercise after metoprolol and propranolol administration. The cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral vascular resistance presented decreased responses to exercise after both drugs. O2 consumption and CO2 production were not altered signifcantly at rest but increased in a lesser degree during exercise. Propranolol administration reduced ventilation during rest and exercise, although the ventilatory response to exercise remained the same. Metoprolol administration did not affect ventilation at rest but reduced the ventilatory response to exercise leading to an increase of the PaCO2 Conclusion Propranolol and metoprolol effects on cardiovascular and metabolic variables measured at rest and during exercise were the same. The ventilatory effect with metoprolol administration was different from the observed with propranolol

Características antropométricas de ciclistas, corredores de longa distância e näo atletas e sua correlaçäo com eficiência do trabalho no cicloergômetro e esteira rolante / Anthropometric characteristics of cyclists, long - distance runners and non-athetes and their correlation with work efficiency in cycloergometer and belt conveyor

Ciclistas, corredores de longa distância e näo atletas foram submetidos aos exercícios no cicloergômetro e treadmill estado estacionado. A eficiência de trabalho foi calculada no cicloergômetro (todos os grupos) e no treadmill (apenas atletas). A análise entre os grupos mostrou que ambas as eficiências calculadas pelos cicloergômetro näo foram diferentes um do outro, sugerindo que o uso de músculos treinados e näo treinados näo influenciaram na eficiência dos exercícios. Medidas antropométricas foram realizadas de acordo com o método "HEALTH CARTER". Os somototipos foram significativamente diferentes entre si, os grupos mas apenas o componente ectomórfico foi significativamente relacionado com a eficiência dos exercícios no cicloergômetro