[Changes in the atlanto-odontoid articulation in rheumatoid arthritis. Radiologic observations in 86 cases]. / Le alterazioni dell'articolazione atlo-odontoidea nell'artrite reumatoide. Osservazioni radiologiche in 86 casi.

The authors describe the alterations of atlanto-axial joint observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 16 of 86 patients = 18.6% (15 females and 1 male) showed the presence of joint luxation. The authors suggest that a "dynamic" tomographic study in lateral orthostatic projection, with indifferent position and head flexed, is essential for demonstrating the changes of this joint and that examination should be performed in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis, even if they are asymptomatic.

Relactacao - I. Proposta de uma tecnica para facilitar a estimulacao da lactacao / Relactation - I. Proposal of a technic to facilitate the stimulation of lactation

Os autores propoem uma tecnica de relactacao em maes de criancas reinternadas na Maternidade de Campinas, nos Ambulatorios da Faculdade de Medicina da UNICAMP e do Instituto de Pediatria da UNICAMP e que haviam deixado de amamentar por varios motivos. Aplicam um metodo simples de estimulacao de succao ao seio com sonda nasogastrica tipo adulto, adaptada ao mamilo materno por onde se faz complementacao alimentar com leite humano de Banco, ou leite de vaca, enquanto nao se restabelece a producao lactea. Baseiam sua tecnica fundamentalmente em apoio e assessoria psicologica intensa, succoes frequentes e repetidas do mamilo, para estimular a producao de prolactina, e complementacao alimentar concomitante para reforcar a succao

[Thoracic outlet syndromes. Arteriographic aspects]. / Sindromi dello stretto superiore del torace. Quadri arteriografici.

Chest outlet syndromes are characterized by pain symptomatology caused by (congenital or acquired reasons) compression of the vasculo-nervous bundle. After a brief mention of the anatomy of the question, the indications and angiographic technique are reported, special reference being made to certain positions and dynamic tests which increase symptomatology and highlight arteriographic findings. These are clearly identifiable in the pictures and offer documentary evidence of the cervical rib syndrome, scalenus syndrome, small pectoral syndrome, the hyperabduction syndrome and the costoclavicular syndrome. Differential diagnosis should consider a number of painful syndromes of the upper extremity of purely neurological interest (involvement of the brachial plexus). Vascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, Takayasu's disease, etc., osteo-myo-articular and ORL sector diseases should also be taken into account. Arteriography is able to identify with precision the causes of the clinical syndrome and to guide surgical exploration of the supraclavicular fossa with excellent chances of success.

[Value and limitations of intravenous cholangiography in the diagnosis of the main bile duct diseases. Studies in 209 cases controlled surgically]. / Valore e limiti della colangiografia endovenosa nella diagnostica delle affezioni della via biliare principale

The value and limits of i.v. cholangiography were appraised in the light of the surgical picture in 209 patients. Exact preoperative diagnosis was possible in many cases, while no more than dilatation of the main bile duct was demonstrable in others. False negatives mainly concerned lithiasis of the common duct without jaundice, whereas false positive lithiasis was primarily observed in papilitis and cephalopancreatitis.