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1.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 13(1): 7-18, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22135899

ABSTRACT

The goal of this investigation was to comparatively study the efficiency of traditionally used anti-infective drugs and biopolymer complexes originated from the medicinal mushroom Fomes fomentarius (L.:Fr.) Fr.: 1) water-soluble melanin-glucan complex (MGC; -80% melanins and -20% beta-glucans) and 2) insoluble chitin-glucan-melanin complex (ChGMC; -70% chitin, -20% beta-glucans, and -10% melanins). Infectious materials (Helicobacter pylori, Candida albicans, and Herpes vulgaris I and HIV-1(zmb) were used in pure cultures of in vitro and in vivo models on experimental animals. Comparison studies of fungal biopolymers and effective modern antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral drugs were used in in vitro models. The comparative clinical efficiency of ChGMC and of etiotropic pharmaceuticals in models of H. pylori, C. albicans, and H. vulgaris I infection contamination were studied. Using in vitro models, it was established that MGC completely depresses growth of C. albicans. MGC had an antimicrobial effect on H. pylori identical to erythromycin in all concentrations, and had a stronger action on this bacterium than other tested antibiotics. Tested MGC possesses simultaneously weak toxicity and high anti-HIV-1 activity in comparison with zidovudine (Retrovir). The obtained results show that CLUDDT therapy in Wistar rats with the application of ChGMC is, on average, 1.35-1.43 times as effective as a traditional one. Considering the absence of MGC and ChGMC toxic properties on blood cells even in very high concentrations, these complexes may be used as a source of biopolymers for the creation of essentially new agents for wide application in infectious pathology.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Complex Mixtures/pharmacology , Coriolaceae/chemistry , Melanins/pharmacology , beta-Glucans/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Biopolymers/pharmacology , Biopolymers/therapeutic use , Candida albicans/drug effects , Chitin/pharmacology , Chitin/therapeutic use , Complex Mixtures/therapeutic use , Female , HIV-1/drug effects , Helicobacter pylori/drug effects , Herpesviridae/drug effects , Male , Melanins/therapeutic use , Models, Animal , Neutrophils/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , beta-Glucans/therapeutic use
2.
J Clin Virol ; 31 Suppl 1: S83-7, 2004 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15567098

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The lack convenient and inexpensive small animal model of HIV infection hampers significantly the research on immunopathogenesis, antiviral drugs, and vaccines. OBJECTIVES: Development of HIV model in small animals, i.e., cotton rats, was undertaken. STUDY DESIGN: Cotton rats of both sexes were exposed to highly replicating HIV-1(zmb) strain by intraperitonial and retrobulbar routes. The infection was evaluated by morphological and clinical criteria and by amplification of HIV DNA integrated in animal tissues. RESULTS: Six months after intraperitoneal infection the lymphoid tissues of all inoculated animals exhibited integrated proviral DNA. Despite viral integration no active systemic HIV replication was observed. Brain and spleen morphological changes indicated the presence of the inflammatory reaction, which was followed by a degenerative process. Clinical manifestations of the infection, while varied, revealed relative weight loss at three months after infection; apparent respiratory disorders; and death of some animals with signs of cachexia and alopecia. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical, morphological, and virology assessment of infected animals indicate that the virus crosses the interspecies barrier and cotton rats can be used as a small animal model of HIV infection.


Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , HIV Infections/physiopathology , HIV-1/immunology , Animals , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/mortality , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/genetics , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Rats , Spleen/pathology
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