ABSTRACT
Striae distensae (SD) or stretch marks are common linear scars of atrophic skin with disintegrating extracellular matrix (ECM) structures. Although fibroblasts contribute to the construction of ECM structure in SD, some studies have reported that mast cell degranulation causes the disruption of ECM in early SD lesions. Lagerstroemia indica flower (LIF) has traditionally been used in India as a diuretic. However, little is known about the effect and molecular action of Lagerstroemia indica flower extract (LIFE) on alleviating SD. This study evaluated the effects of LIFE on mast cell degranulation and the synthesis of ECM components in fibroblasts. LIFE inhibits the adhesion of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, RBL-2H3 on fibronectin (FN) and the expression of integrin, a receptor for FN, thereby reducing focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. In addition, LIFE attenuated the allergen-induced granules and cytokine interleukin 3 (IL-3) through the adhesion with FN. Moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) of activated mast cells decreases the synthesis of ECM components, and LIFE restores the abnormal expressions induced by activated mast cells. These results demonstrate that LIFE suppresses FN-induced mast cell activation and promotes the synthesis of ECM components in fibroblast, which indicates that LIFE may be a useful cosmetic agent for SD treatment.
Subject(s)
Flowers/chemistry , Lagerstroemia/chemistry , Mast Cells/drug effects , Mast Cells/physiology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Biomarkers , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Cell Degranulation/immunology , Cell Line , Cytokines/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Fibronectins/metabolism , Gene Expression , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Integrin alpha Chains/genetics , Integrin beta Chains/genetics , Phosphorylation , Protein Binding/drug effects , Striae DistensaeABSTRACT
Rosacea is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the immune and vascular system. The excessive production and activation of kallikerin 5 (KLK5) and cathelicidin have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Coptis chinensis Franch (CC) has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional oriental medicine. However, little is known about the efficacy and mechanism of action of CC in rosacea. In this study, we evaluate the effect of CC and its molecular mechanism on rosacea in human epidermal keratinocytes. CC has the capacity to downregulate the expression of KLK5 and cathelicidin, and also inhibits KLK5 protease activity, which leads to reduced processing of inactive cathelicidin into active LL-37. It was determined that CC ameliorates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the inhibition of LL-37 processing. In addition, it was confirmed that chitin, an exoskeleton of Demodex mites, mediates an immune response through TLR2 activation, and CC inhibits TLR2 expression and downstream signal transduction. Furthermore, CC was shown to inhibit the proliferation of human microvascular endothelial cells induced by LL-37, the cause of erythematous rosacea. These results demonstrate that CC improved rosacea by regulating the immune response and angiogenesis, and revealed its mechanism of action, indicating that CC may be a useful therapeutic agent for rosacea.
Subject(s)
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism , Coptis/chemistry , Epidermal Cells/drug effects , Epidermal Cells/metabolism , Kallikreins/metabolism , Keratinocytes/drug effects , Keratinocytes/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Cell Line , Cytokines/metabolism , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Humans , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Models, Biological , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Proteolysis , Rosacea/drug therapy , CathelicidinsABSTRACT
The chemodosimetric behavior of dichlorofluorescein derivatives toward Hg(2+) ions was investigated. Simple chemodosimetric systems showed selective and efficient signaling behaviors toward micromolar concentrations of Hg(2+) ions over other common interfering metal ions in an aqueous environment. The signaling mechanism is selective mercuration of the 4',5'-position of the xanthene moiety, which results in efficient chromogenic and fluorogenic signaling of Hg(2+) ions in aqueous environment.
