Application of computed tomography in studies on development of human paranasal sinuses in the early postnatal period.

Seven skulls of newborns and of infants aged 3 weeks to 12 months were studied using computed tomography. Size of the maxillary sinuses was measured. Between 3rd and 12th week of life the ethmoidal sinus formed small spaces in ethmoidal labyrinth. Maxillary sinus could be noted at the level of lower orbital margin. In newborns, it formed a shallow indentation in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. The anteroposterior dimension of the sinus was greater than the two remaining dimensions. Beginning from the 3rd month of life, number of ethmoidal cells increased, maxillary sinuses enlarged and entered the body of the maxilla. Between 6th and 12th month, the mediolateral and the superoinferior dimensions of the sinuses increased. Small air spaces were also seen in the part of sphenoid bone, corresponding to sphenoidal sinuses.

[The value of computer tomography for diagnosis of seminal vesicle cysts]. / Wartosc tomografii komputerowej w rozpoznawaniu torbieli pecherzyków nasiennych.

Presented report deals with the case of a giant cyst of the left seminal vesicle with major diagnostic difficulties. After urography, cystoscopy, and computer tomography all symptoms in patient with cyst disappeared, and the tumor was not stated during physical examination. Six months later all symptoms in the patient exaggerated. Among diagnostic procedures used only computer tomography visualized giant cyst of the seminal vesicle which occupied the whole pelvis. After surgical excision of the cyst the patient had and erectile dysfunction.

Femoral head anteposition after surgery of congenital dislocation of the hip. A computerised tomography study of 22 hips suspected of anterior dislocation.

A new term called "femoral head anteposition" to describe the clinical appearance of a hip operated on because of CDH and suspected of anterior dislocation, has been introduced. CT scans of both the horizontal and sagittal planes of 22 hips suspected of iatrogenic anterior dislocation were made from 22 children. These had been operated on because of CDH by the open reduction method with derotation varus osteotomy of the femur and transiliac osteotomy by Dega. An evaluation of the CT scans combined with clinical examination allowed the differentiation of the homogeneous clinical appearance from the "anteposition". It was then possible to establish one or several coexisting reasons to the situation. These were: anterior dislocation of the hip, coxa magna after avascular necrosis, gluteal muscle fibrosis or periarticular ossifications.

[Torsion and rotation of apical vertebrae and thoracic deformity in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis in computer tomography]. / Torsje i rotacja kregu szczytowego oraz znieksztalcenie klatki piersiowej w idiopatycznych skoliozach piersiowych badanych w tomografie komputerowym.

CT examination of 9 patients with primary thoracic right sided scoliosis aged from 13 to 19 years (15 years and 4 months on an average) was carried out. The angle of curvature (Cobb method) ranged from 38 degrees to 99 degrees (68 degrees on an average). Rotation of the apical vertebra was measured and torsion evaluated. Rotation ranged from 5 degrees to 28 degrees (17 degrees on an average). No relation among rotation, angle of curvature and size of the hump was found. The directions of rotation and torsion were opposite. At the apex of curvature due to torsion the end of spinous process was deviated towards the hump but the vertebrae into opposite direction.

[Diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration biopsy in liver and pancreas diagnosis with computer tomography control]. / Diagnostischer Wert der Feinnadelaspirationsbiopsie in der Leber- und Pankreasdiagnostik unter Computertomographiekontrolle.

The aspiration biopsy with thin-needles controlled by computer tomography permits an aimed, safety and nearly not dangerous investigation of patients with liver and pancreas diseases. The cytologic examination allows the differentiation of neoplastic tumors from other processes.

Computed tomography of the adrenal glands in Addison's disease.

In 30 cases of chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) CT of the adrenal glands was performed using a fourth generation scanner and a 2 mm slice thickness. Adrenal glands were visualized in all the cases. In 26 patients the adrenals were atrophied; the adrenal shape was abnormal in 21 patients. In 15 patients CT disclosed calcifications in one or both glands, which were particularly frequent in patients over the age of 50. Atrophy of adrenal glands was of high occurrence in cases of autoimmune origin.

Severe anaemia: its CT findings in the cardiovascular system.

Computed tomography of the upper abdomen and of the heart was performed in 21 patients with severe anemia (mean haematocrit value 0.23, mean haemoglobin content 39.6%). Gross morphology of the heart and great vessels (wall thickness, size of the chambers, lumina and walls of the vessels) were visualized in all patients without the use of contrast media. The smallest discernible difference between the normal heart muscle and blood filling its cavities was about 6-8 H and the smallest discernible difference between the aorta and the aortic blood was about 8-10 H (window width 150 H, window level 50 H). There were no CT signs of haemochromatosis of the heart, while CT measurements were highly suggestive of liver haemochromatosis in several cases. Visual evaluation of liver density in comparison to the density of blood in hepatic and portal vessels is misleading.