ABSTRACT
The 3' untranslated region has an important role in gene regulation through microRNAs, and it has been estimated that microRNAs regulate up to 50% of coding genes in mammals. With the aim of allelic variant identification of 3' untranslated region microRNA seed sites, the 3' untranslated region was searched for seed sites of four temperament-associated genes (CACNG4, EXOC4, NRXN3, and SLC9A4). The microRNA seed sites were predicted in the four genes, and the CACNG4 gene had the greatest number with 12 predictions. To search for variants affecting the predicted microRNA seed sites, the four 3' untranslated regions were re-sequenced in a Brahman cattle population. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the CACNG4, and eleven in the SLC9A4. Rs522648682:T>G of the CACNG4 gene was located at the predicted seed site for bta-miR-191. Rs522648682:T>G evidenced an association with both exit velocity (p = 0.0054) and temperament score (p = 0.0097). The genotype TT had a lower mean exit velocity (2.93 ± 0.4 m/s) compared with the TG and GG genotypes (3.91 ± 0.46 m/s and 3.67 ± 0.46 m/s, respectively). The allele associated with the temperamental phenotype antagonizes the seed site, disrupting the bta-miR-191 recognition. The G allele of CACNG4-rs522648682 has the potential to influence bovine temperament through a mechanism associated with unspecific recognition of bta-miR-191.
Subject(s)
MicroRNAs , Cattle/genetics , Animals , MicroRNAs/genetics , 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics , Temperament , Genotype , Phenotype , Mammals/geneticsABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infecciones en la herida quirúrgica en cesáreas programadas del HRAEV. Materiales y método: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional tipo corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia de IHQ en pacientes llevadas a cesárea programada con profilaxis antibiótica en HRAEV. Resultados: Se evaluaron 185 expedientes de pacientes sometidas a cesárea programada, con edad entre 28 a 37 años (48.1%) con un peso promedio 81 kg (DE=10.1) con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio de 30 (DE=4.24) es decir un IMC entre 25.76 a 34.24. De ellas, 4 pacientes (2.16%) presentaron infección de herida quirúrgica durante cesárea programada, las cuales recibieron ceftriaxona como PA mayor a 120 minutos previo a la incisión de la piel, estos pacientes se clasifican como ASA II y tenían un IMC superior a 30 kg/m2 y sin comorbilidades registradas. El tiempo de profilaxis antibiótica más frecuente en las pacientes llevadas a cesárea programada fue >120 minutos (34.08%) y se administró ceftriaxona en el 84.86% de la población que en su mayoría es ASA II (97.83%). El 100% de las heridas fueron superficiales. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se encontró que la prevalencia de IHQ en cesáreas programadas en HRAEV fue de 2.16%, cifra que se encuentra por debajo de la prevalencia a nivel mundial, dado a que las pacientes seleccionadas no contaban con algunos de los factores de riesgo añadidos que aumentaran el riesgo de IHQ en comparación con otros estudios.
Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of surgical wound infections in scheduled HRAEV cesarean sections. Materials and method: Retrospective, descriptive, observational cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of IHC in patients undergoing scheduled cesarean section with antibiotic prophylaxis in HRAEV. Results: 185 records of patients undergoing scheduled cesarean section were evaluated, aged between 28 to 37 years (48.1%) with an average weight of 81 kg (SD = 10.1) with an average body mass index (BMI) of 30 (SD = 4.24) that is, a BMI between 25.76 and 34.24. Of these, 4 patients (2.16%) presented surgical wound infection during scheduled cesarean section, who received ceftriaxone as PA greater than 120 minutes prior to skin incision, these patients are classified as ASA II and had a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 and without recorded comorbidities. The most frequent antibiotic prophylaxis time in patients undergoing scheduled cesarean section was >120 minutes (34.08%) and ceftriaxone was administered in 84.86% of the population, which is mostly ASA II (97.83%). 100% of the wounds were superficial. Conclusions: In the present study, it was found that the prevalence of IHC in cesarean sections scheduled in HRAEV was 2.16%, a figure that is below the worldwide prevalence, given that the selected patients did not have some of the risk factors. added risk that increased the risk of SSI compared to other studies.
ABSTRACT
Five samples of agricultural soil and five samples of Aloe barbadensis (P. Mill., 1768) plants with symptoms of wilt and root necrosis were collected in five localities of the state of Tamaulipas, México. The aims of this study were the morphological identification, molecular identification and in vitro evaluation of the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. on Fusarium spp. Four strains of Trichoderma asperellum, one strain of Trichoderma harzianum and five strains of Fusarium oxysporum were identified by morphological and molecular methods. The evaluation of the antagonistic activity of T. harzianum isolate (TP) showed the highest inhibition in Fusarium spp. (78.80%). The evaluation of the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. extracts in Fusarium spp. did not show significant differences between treatments (P ≤ 0.05), with Trichoderma growth percentages that oscillated between 81.08 and 94.38%. The native isolate of T. harzianum (TP) showed significant competitive capability against the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. Trichoderma species are promising agents of biological control in the central area of the State Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Subject(s)
Fusarium , Trichoderma , Soil , Soil Microbiology , Mexico , Plant Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Suicide is considered a public health problem that affects families worldwide. Family functioning is the capability of the family system to fulfill needs during the stages of its development. In this study, we focused on evaluating family cohesion and adaptability in a group of adolescents who had attempted suicide and were hospitalized at a hospital for mental health disorders, compared to a control group. Methods: based on Olson's circumplex model, we used the FACES III scale to gain insights into the family functioning of both suicidal and control groups. Results: The case group presented lower scores in cohesion and adaptability compared to the control group, with moderate effect-size for cohesion (Cohen's d/r test = 1.217/0.52) and low effect-size for adaptability (Cohen's d/r test = 0.746/0.35) (p < 0.001 for both variables), and also presented predominantly disengaged families (72.5% in the case group vs. 27.5% in the control group) and structured families (45% in the case group vs. 23.8% in the control group). The type of family described by the adolescents with a history of suicide attempts may explain the presence of low self-esteem and little emotional support usually present in this type of patient.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on temperament traits in a Brahman cattle population. The SNP located in CACNG4, EXOC4, NRXN3, and SLC9A4 candidate genes were genotyped in 250 animals with temperament records of exit velocity, pen score, and temperament score. Rs3423464051:G>A in the CACNG4 gene was associated with exit velocity and temperament score. An in silico analysis of the five intronic SNP showed that alternative alleles of CACNG4-rs3423464051, EXOC4-rs109393235, and SLC9A4-rs109722627 SNP could alter branch point sites during splicing, while a protein-protein interaction network analysis demonstrated a GRIA2 gene-mediated interaction between CACNG4 and NRXN3. The present results support previously reported evidence regarding bovine temperament-related candidate genes, particularly CACNG4, which is a confirmed candidate gene in need of more detailed analyses to reveal its role in temperament-related traits.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Cattle/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Temperament , Genetic MarkersABSTRACT
El copetón Zonotrichia capensis tiene una amplia distribución en América neotropical, es un ave tolerante a las intervenciones humanas, pero sabemos poco sobre su comportamiento de forrajeo en los Andes colombianos. Por ello, estudiamos la estrategia de forrajeo del copetón y, adicionalmente, el valor de parches alimentarios a lo largo de dos cercas vivas jóvenes (plantación < 2 años), en relación con la distancia a una zona de ronda del río Bogotá, en Cajicá, Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia. El río es un área dominada por árboles en una matriz rural a urbana. Utilizamos parches artificiales hechos de bandejas de aluminio con semillas mezcladas con arena. Determinamos la proporción de consumo entre tres parches con diferentes densidades de alimento inicial, para determinar si los copetones obtienen información del parche. Usamos también parches artificiales para determinar si la distancia al río a lo largo de dos cercas vivas jóvenes afectaba el forrajeo. Nuestros resultados indican que Z. capensis no obtuvo información del parche y no reconoció diferencias en parches con diferente densidad inicial de alimento. Adicionalmente, la distancia al río afectó el valor de los parches de forrajeo en solo una de las cercas vivas examinadas donde hubo mayor consumo cerca al río. Al parecer, la densidad inicial de alimento no afectó el nivel de explotación del parche por parte de los copetones, mientras que el valor del parche en las cercas vivas jóvenes puede estar influido por la distancia al río.
The Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis is a widely distributed species in neotropical America, it is tolerant to human interventions, but we know little about its foraging ecology on the Colombian Andes. Therefore, we studied the foraging strategy and, additionally, the value of foraging patches along two young live fences (< 2 year planted) in relation to the Bogota River in Cajica, in an Andean highland plateau in Colombia. The Bogota River is one of few areas dominated by arboreal vegetation in an urban-rural matrix at the study site. We used artificial food patches made of aluminum trays with seeds mixed with sand. We measured the proportion of food consumed in patches with different initial food density to determine whether sparrows obtain information from the patch. We also used artificial patches to determine whether distance to the river affected the sparrow's foraging in two young live fences. Our results indicate that Z. capensis did not gather any information from the patch and did not differentiate patches with different amounts of food. Furthermore, the distance to the river affected the value of food patches, but only in one of the live fences, where there was higher food consumption close to the river. Apparently, the food initial-density did not affect the patch exploitation level by sparrows, but the patch value in young live fences could be influenced by distance to the river.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: For most domestic animal species, including bovines, it is difficult to identify causative genetic variants involved in economically relevant traits. The candidate gene approach is efficient because it investigates genes that are expected to be associated with the expression of a trait and defines whether the genetic variation present in a population is associated with phenotypic diversity. A potential limitation of this approach is the identification of candidates. This study used a bioinformatics approach to identify candidate genes via a search guided by a functional interaction network. RESULTS: A functional interaction network tool, BosNet, was constructed for Bos taurus. Predictions for candidate genes were performed using the guilt-by-association principle in BosNet. Association analyses identified five novel markers within BosNet-prioritized genes that had significant effects on different growth traits in Charolais and Brahman cattle. CONCLUSIONS: BosNet is an excellent tool for the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms that are potentially associated with complex traits.