ABSTRACT
Interest in the development of bioprocesses for the production or extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources has increased in recent years due to the potential applications of these compounds in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this context, solid-state fermentation (SSF) has received great attention because this bioprocess has potential to successfully convert inexpensive agro-industrial residues, as well as plants, in a great variety of valuable compounds, including bioactive phenolic compounds. The aim of this review, after presenting general aspects about bioactive compounds and SSF systems, is to focus on the production and extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from natural sources by SSF. The characteristics of SSF systems and variables that affect the product formation by this process, as well as the variety of substrates and microorganisms that can be used in SSF for the production of bioactive phenolic compounds are reviewed and discussed.
Subject(s)
Fermentation , Phenols/metabolism , Industry , Phenols/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A total of 76 Lactobacillus plantarum and Oenococcus oeni wild strains were recovered from traditionally elaborated Spanish red wines and were investigated with respect to their response to acid pH, lyophilisation, temperature and ethanol concentrations which are normally lethal to lactic acid bacteria. Both L. plantarum and O. oeni strains were able to grow at pH 3.2, were highly resistant to lyophilisation treatment and proliferated in the presence of up to 13% ethanol at 18 degrees C. Therefore, it is shown that both species are highly tolerant to stress conditions and that similarly to O. oeni strains, L. plantarum strains are of interest in beverage biotechnology.
Subject(s)
Ethanol/pharmacology , Gram-Positive Cocci/physiology , Wine/microbiology , Culture Media , Freeze Drying , Gram-Positive Cocci/growth & development , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lactobacillus/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Pectinesterase was extracted from potato alpha cultivar, purified and partially characterized The used protocol resulted in a 58.8-fold purification (51 850.2 units/mg protein) with 15.5 percent recovery of pectinesterase activity. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 27 kDa and its isoelectric point was around 4.5 with pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and 60°C, respectively. The purified enzyme had a single symmetric peak of specific activity after chromatographic steps. The homogeneity of the purified pectinesterase was confirmed by gel filtration and polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel.
A pectinesterase foi extraída da batata (cultivar do alfa), purificada e parcialmente caracterizada. O protocolo usado levou a uma proteína purificada 58,8 vezes (51 850,2 units/mg da proteína) com uma recuperação de 15,5 por cento da atividade da proteína. A enzima purificada apresentou um peso molecular de 27 kDa e seu ponto isoelétrico foi ao redor 4,5. A pectinesterase exibiu pH e temperatura ótimos de respectivamente 8,0 e 60°C. A enzima purificada apresentou um único pico simétrico de atividade específica após as etapas de cromatografia. A homogeneidade da pectinesterase purificada foi confirmada por filtração em gel e por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida.
ABSTRACT
Los objetivos generales de la investigación fueron: diseñar y analizar los escenarios económico-financieros del sector salud en el Distrito Capital, de acuerdo con sus diferentes fuentes de financiamiento y hacer el contraste con las necesidades de salud de la población para determinar la suficiencia de los recursos esperados. Como objetivos específicos se señalaron los siguientes: analizar el comportamiento histórico de las fuentes de financiación del sector salud en el Distrito Capital, en los últimos diez años; evaluar los efectos de las fuentes de financiación en el cumplimiento de las políticas y objetivos sectoriales de salud; analizar en distintos escenarios las posibilidades de cobertura y de servicios para la población objeto de subsidios, teniendo en cuenta la transformación de los mismos; identificar y jerarquizar los principales problemas y limitaciones en el desarrollo del sector salud originados por los efectos de las fuentes de financiación; diseñar e implementar una base de datos confiable que facilite, mediante simulaciones económicas y financieras en diferentes escenarios, la toma de decisiones; crear una metodología permanente con variables e indicadores que permita el seguimiento y monitoreo continuo del comportamiento de las fuentes de financiación; presentar a la Secretaría Distrital de Salud las recomendaciones sobre las mejores alternativas para fortalecer las fuentes de financiación del sector salud en el Distrito Capital, mediante una propuesta de políticas, estrategias y acciones de corto, mediano y largo plazo para el financiamiento que permita el desarrollo del sector. La Secretaría Distrital de Salud, con el propósito de contar con las herramientas de planeación adecuadas para la formulación de políticas de salud orientadas a mejorar las coberturas, tanto para el componente de aseguramiento en el régimen subsidiado como para la atención a la población participante vinculada, y en lo referente al plan de atención básica, requiere la realización de esta investigación con el propósito de poder tomar decisiones estratégicas oportunas en materia de reasignaciones de recursos y de acciones específicas en salud.
The general objectives of the research were: to design and analyze the economic-financial scenarios of the health sector in the Capital District, according to its different sources of financing and to contrast them with the health needs of the population in order to determine the sufficiency of the expected resources. The specific objectives were as follows: to analyze the historical behavior of the sources of financing for the health sector in the Capital District over the last ten years; to evaluate the effects of the sources of financing on the fulfillment of sectoral health policies and objectives; to analyze in different scenarios the possibilities of coverage and services for the population subject to subsidies, taking into account their transformation; to identify and prioritize the main problems and limitations in the development of the health sector caused by the effects of the sources of financing; design and implement a reliable database that facilitates, through economic and financial simulations in different scenarios, decision making; create a permanent methodology with variables and indicators that allows the continuous follow-up and monitoring of the behavior of the financing sources; present to the District Health Secretariat the recommendations on the best alternatives to strengthen the financing sources of the health sector in the Capital District, through a proposal of policies, strategies and short, medium and long term actions for the financing that will allow the development of the sector. The District Health Secretariat, in order to have the appropriate planning tools for the formulation of health policies aimed at improving coverage, both for the insurance component in the subsidized regime and for the care of the participating population, and in relation to the basic care plan, requires this research in order to be able to make timely strategic decisions regarding the reallocation of resources and specific health actions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prospective Studies , Financing, Government , Social Security , Health Systems , Primary Health Care , Health Policy , Health Resources , Health Services Needs and DemandABSTRACT
El presente trabajo, enfoca la problemática de la enfermedad de la población que acude al servicio de traumatología del hospital Policlínico de la Ciudad de Riobamba, estableciendo las características de la misma y proponiendo un manejo acorde con las disponibilidades del medio. El universo de la población es de 39 casos estudiándose diversas variables como sexo, paridad, tipo de parto, edad, grado de enfermedad y tipo de terapia administrativa. Luego de dicha evaluación, obtenemos el criterio de que el manejo de la displasia congénita de la cadera es aplicable en este entorno por el indudable alentador resultado del mismo.
