Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 27
Filter
4.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 153(7): 263-269, oct. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-185334

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue comprobar la validez de la clasificación de riesgo KDIGO 2012 para predecir mortalidad total (MT) y cardiovascular (MCV) en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohortes prospectivo incluyendo pacientes con DM2. Los puntos finales clínicos fueron MT y MCV. La principal variable predictora fue la clasificación KDIGO, una variable que recoge 4 niveles de riesgo en dependencia de una combinación de la tasa de filtración glomerular y la excreción de albúmina urinaria. La evaluación del poder predictivo se realizó con el índice de mejora de discriminación integrada (IDI). Resultados: Se incluyeron 453 pacientes (39,3% varones, edad 64,9 [DE 9,3] años y evolución de DM2 de 10,4 [DE 7,5] años). Durante una mediana de 13 años de seguimiento, hubo incremento significativo de la tasa/1000 pacientes-año de MT (26,5 vs. 45,1 vs. 79,2 vs. 109,8; p<0,001) y de MCV (8,1 vs. 17,4 vs. 24,7 vs. 57,5; p<0,001) en las sucesivas categorías de riesgo KDIGO. En análisis multivariante también hubo incremento de riesgo de MT (HR[riesgo moderado]=1,29; HR[riesgo alto]=1,83; HR[riesgo muy alto]=2,15; p=0,016) y MCV (HR[riesgo moderado]=1,73; HR[riesgo alto]=2,27; HR[riesgo muy alto]=4,22; p=0,007) en las sucesivas categorías. La clasificación KDIGO mejoró la predicción de MT (IDI=0,00888; p=0,047) y MCV (IDI=0,01813; p=0,035). Conclusiones: La clasificación de riesgo según guías KDIGO 2012 puede estratificar eficazmente el riesgo de MT y MCV en pacientes con DM2


Background and aims: Our aim was to assess the usefulness of KDIGO 2012 risk classification to predict total and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Material and methods: Prospective cohort study that included DM2 patients. Clinical end-points were total and cardiovascular mortality. The main predictive variable was KDIGO risk classification, which is a combination of urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate. The predictive value was evaluated by the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index. Results: 453 patients (39.3% males, aged 64.9 [SD 9.3] and with a mean diabetes duration of 10.4 [SD 7.5] years) were included. During a median follow-up of 13 years, mortality rates per 1000 patients/year (26.5 vs. 45.1 vs. 79,2 vs. 109,8; p<0,001) and cardiovascular mortality (8.1 vs. 17.4 vs. 24.7 vs. 57.5; p<0,001) were progressively increased in successive KDIGO categories. In the multivariate analysis, there was also a progressive increase of mortality risk (HR[moderate risk]=1.29; HR[high risk])=1.83; HR[very high risk]=2.15; p=.016) and cardiovascular mortality risk (HR[moderate risk]=1.73; HR[high risk]=2.27; HR[very high risk]=4.22; p=.007) in the successive categories. KDIGO classification was able to improve the mortality risk prediction (IDI=0.00888; p=.047) and cardiovascular mortality risk prediction (IDI=0.01813; p=.035). Conclusions: KDIGO risk classification can effectively stratify total and cardiovascular mortality risk in DM2 patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Albuminuria , Risk Assessment , Prognosis , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/mortality
5.
Endocrinol. diabetes nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(6): 353-360, jun.-jul. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-182851

ABSTRACT

Introducción: No existen protocolos consensuados de manejo hospitalario de las descompensaciones hiperglucémicas inducidas por dosis farmacológicas de glucocorticoides (GC). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de un protocolo de insulinización específico para corticoides (PC) frente a un protocolo general (PG) en diabetes descompensada por GC (DDG). Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental con grupo control, no aleatorizado, en pacientes con DDG ingresados en neumología. Se compararon 2 protocolos (PC y PG), ambos basados en terapia basal-bolo pero con diferentes dosis y distribución de insulina. Se evaluó la diferencia de glucemia media (GM) durante la hospitalización entre el PC y el PG, así como el riesgo de presentar una GM > 200mg/dl, ajustado para potenciales factores de confusión (relacionados con el paciente y con la terapia de GC empleada). Resultados: Se incluyó a 131 pacientes, 60 asignados al PG y 71 al PC. Un 74% de los pacientes estaban ingresados por exacerbación de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Hubo diferencia significativa en la dosis total de insulina entre el PG y el PC (29,4 vs. 57,4 unidades; p < 0,0001). La diferencia ajustada de GM (PC-PG) fue de -14,8 (IC del 95%, -26,2 a -3,3) mg/dl. Los pacientes del PC tuvieron menor riesgo ajustado de presentar GM > 200mg/dl durante la hospitalización (OR = 0,31; IC del 95%, 0,11-0,91; p = 0,033). No hubo diferencias en el riesgo de hipoglucemia grave entre el PG y el PC (0% vs. 1,4%; p = 0,36). Conclusiones: El protocolo estudiado ha demostrado reducir la GM de pacientes con DDG durante la hospitalización sin comprometer su seguridad


Introduction: There are no agreed protocols on hospital management of hyperglycemic decompensation induced by pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids (GCs). The study objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of an insulin therapy protocol specific for patients treated with glucocorticoids (CP) as compared to a general protocol (GP) in diabetes decompensation secondary to glucocorticoids. Materials and methods: An experimental study in patients with glucocorticoids-induced decompensated diabetes admitted to a respiratory ward including a non-randomized control group. Two protocols (CP and GP), both based on basal-bolo insulin regimens, but with different insulin doses and distribution, were compared. The difference in mean blood glucose (MBG) levels between both protocols was measured during hospital stay, as was the risk of having MBG levels > 200mg/dL, adjusted for potential confounding factors (related to patients and to the glucocorticoid therapy used). Results: A total of 131 patients were included, 60 assigned to the GP and 71 to the CP groups. Seventy-four percent of patients had been admitted due to COPD exacerbation. There was a significant difference in the total daily insulin dose used between the CP and GP groups (29.4 vs. 57.4 IU; P<.0001). The adjusted difference in MBG levels (CP-GP) was -14.8 (95% CI, -26.2 to -3.3) mg/dL. Patients in the CP group had a lower adjusted risk of having MBG levels >200mg/dL during hospital admission (OR=0.31; 95% CI, 0.11-0.91; P=.033). There were no differences in the risk of severe hypoglycemia between the CP and GP groups (0% vs. 1.4%; P=.36). Conclusions: The study protocol has been shown to decrease MBG levels in patients with glucocorticoids-induced decompensation of diabetes during hospital admission without compromising their safety


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Treatment Outcome , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Hospitalization , Diabetes Complications/chemically induced , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Clinical Protocols , Prospective Studies , Glycemic Index
6.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 66(6): 353-360, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30898606

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There are no agreed protocols on hospital management of hyperglycemic decompensation induced by pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids (GCs). The study objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of an insulin therapy protocol specific for patients treated with glucocorticoids (CP) as compared to a general protocol (GP) in diabetes decompensation secondary to glucocorticoids. Materials and methods An experimental study in patients with glucocorticoids-induced decompensated diabetes admitted to a respiratory ward including a non-randomized control group. Two protocols (CP and GP), both based on basal-bolo insulin regimens, but with different insulin doses and distribution, were compared. The difference in mean blood glucose (MBG) levels between both protocols was measured during hospital stay, as was the risk of having MBG levels > 200mg/dL, adjusted for potential confounding factors (related to patients and to the glucocorticoid therapy used). RESULTS: A total of 131 patients were included, 60 assigned to the GP and 71 to the CP groups. Seventy-four percent of patients had been admitted due to COPD exacerbation. There was a significant difference in the total daily insulin dose used between the CP and GP groups (29.4 vs. 57.4 IU; P<.0001). The adjusted difference in MBG levels (CP-GP) was -14.8 (95% CI, -26.2 to -3.3) mg/dL. Patients in the CP group had a lower adjusted risk of having MBG levels >200mg/dL during hospital admission (OR=0.31; 95% CI, 0.11-0.91; P=.033). There were no differences in the risk of severe hypoglycemia between the CP and GP groups (0% vs. 1.4%; P=.36). CONCLUSIONS: The study protocol has been shown to decrease MBG levels in patients with glucocorticoids-induced decompensation of diabetes during hospital admission without compromising their safety.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/adverse effects , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Clinical Protocols , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
7.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 153(7): 263-269, 2019 10 11.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30885544

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Our aim was to assess the usefulness of KDIGO 2012 risk classification to predict total and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study that included DM2 patients. Clinical end-points were total and cardiovascular mortality. The main predictive variable was KDIGO risk classification, which is a combination of urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate. The predictive value was evaluated by the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index. RESULTS: 453 patients (39.3% males, aged 64.9 [SD 9.3] and with a mean diabetes duration of 10.4 [SD 7.5] years) were included. During a median follow-up of 13 years, mortality rates per 1000 patients/year (26.5 vs. 45.1 vs. 79,2 vs. 109,8; p<0,001) and cardiovascular mortality (8.1 vs. 17.4 vs. 24.7 vs. 57.5; p<0,001) were progressively increased in successive KDIGO categories. In the multivariate analysis, there was also a progressive increase of mortality risk (HR[moderate risk]=1.29; HR[high risk])=1.83; HR[very high risk]=2.15; p=.016) and cardiovascular mortality risk (HR[moderate risk]=1.73; HR[high risk]=2.27; HR[very high risk]=4.22; p=.007) in the successive categories. KDIGO classification was able to improve the mortality risk prediction (IDI=0.00888; p=.047) and cardiovascular mortality risk prediction (IDI=0.01813; p=.035). CONCLUSIONS: KDIGO risk classification can effectively stratify total and cardiovascular mortality risk in DM2 patients.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/mortality , Guidelines as Topic , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/classification , Adult , Albuminuria , Analysis of Variance , Cause of Death , Chi-Square Distribution , Creatine/metabolism , Female , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Assessment , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke/mortality
8.
Endocrinol. diabetes nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(6): 335-341, jun.-jul. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-176116

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La hiperuricemia se asocia a enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, la contribución del ácido úrico (AU) sobre la mortalidad cardiovascular (MCV) en pacientes diabéticos es controvertida. Objetivo: Evaluar la contribución del AU al riesgo de MCV en pacientes con diabetes de tipo 2 (DM2). Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyó a pacientes con DM2 atendidos en consultas externas hospitalarias. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas, incluidos niveles de AU, excreción de albúmina urinaria y tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG). La contribución independiente del AU a la MCV se evaluó con modelos de regresión de Cox con ajuste progresivo para potenciales factores de confusión. Resultados: Se incluyó a 452 pacientes con edad media de 65,9 años (DE 9,5). La media de AU fue de 4,2mg/dl y los cuartiles (Q) de AU fueron: Q1<3,3; Q2: 3,3-4,2; Q3: 4,3-5,1; Q4>5,1mg/dl. La correlación entre AU y TFG fue significativa (Rho = −0,227; p<0,001). Durante una mediana de 13 años de seguimiento las tasas de MCV fueron más elevadas en el Q4 de la distribución de AU (Q1: 10,7; Q2: 11,7; Q3: 10,7 y Q4: 21,6 por cada 1.000 pacientes/año; p=0,027). El AU fue un factor predictor de MCV en análisis univariante (HR1mg/dl=1,30; p=0,002), pero no en multivariante ajustado para la excreción de albúmina urinaria y TFG (HR1mg/dl=1,20; p= 0,12). Discusión y conclusiones: Los niveles de AU se asocian a incremento de MCV en pacientes con DM2. No obstante, la asociación puede no ser causal, sino mediada por la afectación de la función renal en los pacientes con hiperuricemia


Background: Hyperuricemia is associated to cardiovascular disease. However, the contribution of uric acid (UA) to cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients is controversial. Objective: To assess the impact of UA levels on the risk of cardiovascular mortality risk in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study on outpatients with T2DM. The clinical endpoint was cardiovascular death. Anthropometric, demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables were collected, including UA levels, urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The independent contribution of UA levels to cardiovascular mortality was assessed using multivariate Cox regression models, progressively adjusted for potential confounders. Results: A total of 452 patients with a mean age of 65.9 (SD 9.5) years were enrolled. Mean UA level was 4.2mg/dL. Quartiles of UA levels were Q1 < 3.3; Q2: 3.3-4.2; Q3: 4.3-5.1; Q4 > 5.1mg/dL. UA levels significantly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (Rho=−0.227; p<0.001). During a median follow-up time of 13 years, cardiovascular mortality rates were higher in Q4 of the UA distribution (Q1: 10.7; Q2: 11.7; Q3: 10.7; Q4: 21.6 per 1000 patient-years; p = 0.027). UA was a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the univariate analysis (HR1mg/dL = 1.30; p=0.002), but not in a multivariate analysis adjusted for urinary albumin excretion and eGFR (HR1mg/dL=1.20; p=0.12). Discussion and conclusions: High UA levels are associated to cardiovascular mortality in patients with T2DM. However, the role of UA may be mediated by impaired kidney function in patients with hyperuricemia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Uric Acid/adverse effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Hyperuricemia/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies
9.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 65(6): 335-341, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29525370

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia is associated to cardiovascular disease. However, the contribution of uric acid (UA) to cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of UA levels on the risk of cardiovascular mortality risk in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study on outpatients with T2DM. The clinical endpoint was cardiovascular death. Anthropometric, demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables were collected, including UA levels, urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The independent contribution of UA levels to cardiovascular mortality was assessed using multivariate Cox regression models, progressively adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 452 patients with a mean age of 65.9 (SD 9.5) years were enrolled. Mean UA level was 4.2mg/dL. Quartiles of UA levels were Q1 < 3.3; Q2: 3.3-4.2; Q3: 4.3-5.1; Q4 > 5.1mg/dL. UA levels significantly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (Rho=-0.227; p<0.001). During a median follow-up time of 13 years, cardiovascular mortality rates were higher in Q4 of the UA distribution (Q1: 10.7; Q2: 11.7; Q3: 10.7; Q4: 21.6 per 1000 patient-years; p = 0.027). UA was a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the univariate analysis (HR1mg/dL = 1.30; p=0.002), but not in a multivariate analysis adjusted for urinary albumin excretion and eGFR (HR1mg/dL=1.20; p=0.12). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: High UA levels are associated to cardiovascular mortality in patients with T2DM. However, the role of UA may be mediated by impaired kidney function in patients with hyperuricemia.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Diabetes Complications/blood , Diabetes Complications/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Uric Acid/blood , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Time Factors
10.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 28(6): 400-417, dic. 2016. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-158781

ABSTRACT

Un alto porcentaje de los pacientes atendidos en urgencias son diabéticos. La mayoría serán dados de alta. Sin embargo, los que se quedan en observación, ingresados en unidades dependientes de urgencias o los que quedan pendientes de ingreso en hospitalización convencional deben recibir un tratamiento correcto y protocolizado en cuanto a su diabetes, que evite tanto la hiper como la hipoglucemia, ya que ambas son situaciones que empeorarán el pronóstico del paciente. Por otro lado, los urgenciólogos deben prevenir, diagnosticar y manejar de una manera correcta y eficiente las complicaciones metabólicas agudas de la diabetes como son la hiperglucemia simple, la cetoacidosis diabética, la situación hiperosmolar y la hipoglucemia, así como las indicaciones y la forma de administración de insulina intravenosa en los pacientes críticos. Una mención aparte requiere también la hiperglucemia reactiva al tratamiento corticoideo. Esta hiperglucemia, en el caso de aparecer, es intensa y está influenciada por el aumento de la resistencia a la insulina y de la neoglucegénesis hepática que provocan los corticoides, por lo que será de predominio postprandial. Depende de la dosis y duración del tratamiento corticoideo además de una predisposición individual. Las recomendaciones que aquí se exponen, procedentes del consenso alcanzado por el grupo de expertos de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), son las primeras redactadas en España dirigidas exclusivamente a los servicios de urgencias y que hacen una revisión pormenorizada y profunda sobre todas las situaciones que pueden encontrarse en cuanto a la diabetes y sus complicaciones (AU)


Persons with diabetes make up a large percentage of patients attended in the emergency department. Most will be discharged, but patients who remain under observation in wards managed by the emergency department or who wait are waiting to be admitted to a conventional ward must receive appropriate, protocol-guided treatment for their diabetes. Situations of hyper- or hypoglycemia must be avoided because both worsen prognosis. Emergency physicians must correctly and efficiently prevent, diagnose, and manage acute metabolic complications of diabetes such as simple hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. They must also be ready to prescribe and properly administer intravenous insulin to critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia induced by treatment with steroids deserves special mention. If this complication develops, the hyperglycemia is intense, influenced by increased insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Thus, it usually appears after meals and is dependent on steroid dose, duration of treatment, and individual predisposition. The recommendations in this paper elaborated by consensus of the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) experts, are the first to be written specifically for use in emergency departments in Spain. They give a detailed, in-depth overview of emergencies related to diabetes and diabetic complications (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Treatment/methods , Hypoglycemia/prevention & control , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
13.
Emergencias ; 28(6): 400-417, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29106085

ABSTRACT

EN: Persons with diabetes make up a large percentage of patients attended in the emergency department. Most will be discharged, but patients who remain under observation in wards managed by the emergency department or who wait are waiting to be admitted to a conventional ward must receive appropriate, protocol-guided treatment for their diabetes. Situations of hyper- or hypoglycemia must be avoided because both worsen prognosis. Emergency physicians must correctly and efficiently prevent, diagnose, and manage acute metabolic complications of diabetes such as simple hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. They must also be ready to prescribe and properly administer intravenous insulin to critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia induced by treatment with steroids deserves special mention. If this complication develops, the hyperglycemia is intense, influenced by increased insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Thus, it usually appears after meals and is dependent on steroid dose, duration of treatment, and individual predisposition. The recommendations in this paper elaborated by consensus of the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) experts, are the first to be written specifically for use in emergency departments in Spain. They give a detailed, in-depth overview of emergencies related to diabetes and diabetic complications.


ES: Un alto porcentaje de los pacientes atendidos en urgencias son diabéticos. La mayoría serán dados de alta. Sin embargo, los que se quedan en observación, ingresados en unidades dependientes de urgencias o los que quedan pendientes de ingreso en hospitalización convencional deben recibir un tratamiento correcto y protocolizado en cuanto a su diabetes, que evite tanto la hiper como la hipoglucemia, ya que ambas son situaciones que empeorarán el pronóstico del paciente. Por otro lado, los urgenciólogos deben prevenir, diagnosticar y manejar de una manera correcta y eficiente las complicaciones metabólicas agudas de la diabetes como son la hiperglucemia simple, la cetoacidosis diabética, la situación hiperosmolar y la hipoglucemia, así como las indicaciones y la forma de administración de insulina intravenosa en los pacientes críticos. Una mención aparte requiere también la hiperglucemia reactiva al tratamiento corticoideo. Esta hiperglucemia, en el caso de aparecer, es intensa y está influenciada por el aumento de la resistencia a la insulina y de la neoglucegénesis hepática que provocan los corticoides, por lo que será de predominio postprandial. Depende de la dosis y duración del tratamiento corticoideo además de una predisposición individual. Las recomendaciones que aquí se exponen, procedentes del consenso alcanzado por el grupo de expertos de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), son las primeras redactadas en España dirigidas exclusivamente a los servicios de urgencias y que hacen una revisión pormenorizada y profunda sobre todas las situaciones que pueden encontrarse en cuanto a la diabetes y sus complicaciones.

14.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(6): 257-263, jun.-jul. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140168

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Nuestros objetivos fueron evaluar el control glucémico intrahospitalario de pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) y determinar sus factores predictores. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo analítico con inclusión de pacientes dados de alta de medicina interna con un diagnóstico relacionado con la DM. Se recogieron variables clínicas (demográficas y relacionadas con el manejo intrahospitalario del paciente) y analíticas relacionadas con el control glucémico (HbA1c, glucemia plasmática inicial, glucemias capilares durante el ingreso). Se evaluó la probabilidad de recibir insulina programada mediante curvas de Kaplan Meier y los factores predictores de la glucemia media (GM) y de su variabilidad (desviación estándar [VG]) mediante regresión múltiple. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 228 pacientes (edad media 78,4 [DE 10,1] años, 51% mujeres); 96 (42,1%) recibieron solo pauta correctora. La mediana del tiempo hasta el inicio de insulina programada fue 4 días (IC 95%: 2-6). Las medidas de control fueron: GM 181,4 (DE 41,7) mg/dl, VG 56,3 (DE 22,6) mg/dl. El mejor modelo predictor de la GM (R2: 0,376; p < 0,0001) incluyó HbA1c (b = 4,96; p = 0,011), glucemia plasmática inicial (b = 0,056; p = 0,084), glucemia media de las primeras 24 h (b = 0,154; p < 0,0001), tratamiento domiciliario (versus antidiabéticos orales) con insulina basal (b = 13,1; p = 0,016) o mezclas o basal-bolo (b = 19,1; p = 0,004), tratamiento con corticoides (b = 14,9; p = 0,002) y ayuno al ingreso (b = 10,4; p = 0,098). CONCLUSIÓN: Los determinantes del control glucémico intrahospitalario, que deberían considerarse en protocolos de actuación, son el tratamiento previo, la HbA1c, la glucemia inicial y media de las primeras 24 h de ingreso, el ayuno y la utilización de corticoides


INTRODUCTION: This study was intended to assess the effectiveness and predictors factors of inpatient blood glucose control in diabetic patients admitted to medical departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, analytical cohort study was conducted on patients discharged from internal medicine with a diagnosis related to diabetes. Variables collected included demographic characteristics, clinical data and laboratory parameters related to blood glucose control (HbA1c, basal plasma glucose, point-of-care capillary glucose). The cumulative probability of receiving scheduled insulin regimens was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate regression models were used to select predictors of mean inpatient glucose (MHG) and glucose variability (standard deviation [GV]). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 228 patients (mean age 78.4 (SD 10.1) years, 51% women). Of these, 96 patients (42.1%) were treated with sliding-scale regular insulin only. Median time to start of scheduled insulin therapy was 4 (95% CI, 2-6) days. Blood glucose control measures were: MIG 181.4 (SD 41.7) mg/dL, GV 56.3 (SD 22.6). The best model to predict MIG (R2: .376; P < .0001) included HbA1c (b = 4.96; P = .011), baseline plasma glucose (b = .056; P = .084), mean capillary blood glucose in the first 24 hours (b = .154;P < .0001), home treatment (versus oral agents) with basal insulin only (b = 13.1; P = .016) or more complex (pre-mixed insulin or basal-bolus) regimens (b = 19.1; P = .004), corticoid therapy (b = 14.9;P = .002), and fasting on admission (b = 10.4; P = .098). CONCLUSION: Predictors of inpatient blood glucose control which should be considered in the design of DM management protocols include home treatment, HbA1c, basal plasma glucose, mean blood glucose in the first 24 hours, fasting, and corticoid therapy


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Hyperglycemia/blood , Hyperglycemia/diagnosis , Hyperglycemia/pathology , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Insulin/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/analysis
15.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 62(6): 257-63, 2015.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25907976

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study was intended to assess the effectiveness and predictors factors of inpatient blood glucose control in diabetic patients admitted to medical departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, analytical cohort study was conducted on patients discharged from internal medicine with a diagnosis related to diabetes. Variables collected included demographic characteristics, clinical data and laboratory parameters related to blood glucose control (HbA1c, basal plasma glucose, point-of-care capillary glucose). The cumulative probability of receiving scheduled insulin regimens was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate regression models were used to select predictors of mean inpatient glucose (MHG) and glucose variability (standard deviation [GV]). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 228 patients (mean age 78.4 (SD 10.1) years, 51% women). Of these, 96 patients (42.1%) were treated with sliding-scale regular insulin only. Median time to start of scheduled insulin therapy was 4 (95% CI, 2-6) days. Blood glucose control measures were: MIG 181.4 (SD 41.7) mg/dL, GV 56.3 (SD 22.6). The best model to predict MIG (R(2): .376; P<.0001) included HbA1c (b=4.96; P=.011), baseline plasma glucose (b=.056; P=.084), mean capillary blood glucose in the first 24hours (b=.154; P<.0001), home treatment (versus oral agents) with basal insulin only (b=13.1; P=.016) or more complex (pre-mixed insulin or basal-bolus) regimens (b=19.1; P=.004), corticoid therapy (b=14.9; P=.002), and fasting on admission (b=10.4; P=.098). CONCLUSION: Predictors of inpatient blood glucose control which should be considered in the design of DM management protocols include home treatment, HbA1c, basal plasma glucose, mean blood glucose in the first 24hours, fasting, and corticoid therapy.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Hospitalization , Aged , Cohort Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Male , Retrospective Studies
16.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20142014 Mar 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24591389

ABSTRACT

Muscular weakness in young patients is usually due to mild, self-limiting causes. Nonetheless, it is important to remember other, more serious aetiologies which can cause this clinical picture. Thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (THPP) is a rare disease in Europe and the USA, with fatal cardiovascular and respiratory complications. It is characterised by recurrent episodes of generalised muscular weakness, especially in the legs, with an associated hypokalaemia and hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, laboratory tests and an ECG. Early treatment focused on cautious correction blood potassium and non-cardiac selective ß-blockers. Additionally, it is imperative to normalise thyroid function to prevent relapses. We present a young, healthy man to the emergency department with episodes of intermittent leg weakness. The history and the ECG findings allowed for the diagnosis of THPP to be reached with early treatment causing remission.


Subject(s)
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis/diagnosis , Muscle Weakness/etiology , Thyrotoxicosis/diagnosis , Adult , Humans , Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis/complications , Male , Thyrotoxicosis/complications
18.
Salud(i)cienc., (Impresa) ; 17(5): 428-431, mayo 2010.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-125335

ABSTRACT

La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es una importante causa de mortalidad en todo el mundo y el principal motivo de hospitalización de origen no quirúrgico en muchos países. Existe un gran número de variables predictivas acerca del pronóstico de pacientes con IC, una de ellas es la edad. Además, la comorbilidad por causa no cardíaca dificulta el tratamiento en un importante grupo de pacientes ancianos con IC y casi la mitad de los pacientes con síntomas de IC presenta una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo conservada. Sin embargo, los ensayos clínicos en IC no se han centrado ni en el grupo de pacientes ancianos ni en aquellos con fracción de eyección conservada. Por esta razón no se han establecido recomendaciones específicas para este grupo. Este artículo revisará los estudios más importantes sobre IC realizados en los últimos años y analizará los resultados en pacientes de edad igual o superior a 65 años. Esta revisión incluye los betabloqueantes, inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, antagonistas del receptor de la angiotensina, antagonistas de los receptores de la aldosterona, nitratos más hidralazina, digoxina, estatinas, el desfibrilador automático implantable y la resincronización cardíaca.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Female , Health of the Elderly , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/drug therapy , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Pharmacology/methods , Treatment Outcome
19.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 17(5): 428-431, mayo 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-579595

ABSTRACT

La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es una importante causa de mortalidad en todo el mundo y el principal motivo de hospitalización de origen no quirúrgico en muchos países. Existe un gran número de variables predictivas acerca del pronóstico de pacientes con IC, una de ellas es la edad. Además, la comorbilidad por causa no cardíaca dificulta el tratamiento en un importante grupo de pacientes ancianos con IC y casi la mitad de los pacientes con síntomas de IC presenta una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo conservada. Sin embargo, los ensayos clínicos en IC no se han centrado ni en el grupo de pacientes ancianos ni en aquellos con fracción de eyección conservada. Por esta razón no se han establecido recomendaciones específicas para este grupo. Este artículo revisará los estudios más importantes sobre IC realizados en los últimos años y analizará los resultados en pacientes de edad igual o superior a 65 años. Esta revisión incluye los betabloqueantes, inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, antagonistas del receptor de la angiotensina, antagonistas de los receptores de la aldosterona, nitratos más hidralazina, digoxina, estatinas, el desfibrilador automático implantable y la resincronización cardíaca.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/drug therapy , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Pharmacology/methods , Treatment Outcome , Health of the Elderly
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...