ABSTRACT
Introducción. Las enfermedades infecciosas constituyen una causa importante de morbimortalidad en el medio laboral. La vacunación de los trabajadores representa la medida de pre¬vención primaria más efectiva para controlar las mismas. Fuentes. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en Medline y se consultaron las páginas webs de distintas Sociedades cientí¬ficas españolas a fin de detectar recomendaciones de vacuna¬ción para trabajadores. Como criterio de inclusión se consideró que la recomendación hubiera sido efectuada entre el 1 de enero de 2007 y el 31 de octubre de 2012. Desarrollo. El número de artículos seleccionados fue de 17; además, las páginas web del Ministerio de Sanidad, Socie¬dad Española de Quimioterapia, Sociedad Española de Medici¬na Preventiva Salud Pública e Higiene y Asociación Española de Vacunología aportaron información pertinente para nues¬tra revisión. Se determinaron los colectivos de trabajadores expuestos a un mayor riesgo de adquisición de enfermedades infecciosas durante su actividad profesional; en función ello, y considerando además las vacunas indicadas según la edad y el calendario vacunal del adulto, se establecieron las recomenda¬ciones correspondientes (vacunación frente al tétanos, difteria, tos ferina, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, neumococo, meningococo, sarampión, rubeola, parotiditis, varicela, gripe, Haemophilus in¬fluenzae b, fiebre tifoidea, poliomielitis, tuberculosis y rabia). Conclusiones. Los cambios epidemiológicos registrados en los últimos años con la reemergencia de algunas enfermedades inmunoprevenibles, como la tos ferina, el sarampión o la pa¬rotiditis, obligan a que el personal laboral expuesto (especial¬mente el trabajador sanitario) revise su situación inmunológica (AU)
Introduction. Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the workplace. Worker vaccination against a number of infectious diseases is considered the most effective strategy of primary prevention to control them. Sources. A literature review was performed in Medline and websites of Spanish scientific societies were consulted to detect workers vaccination recommendations. The inclusion criteria was that the recommendation had been made from January 2007 to October 2012. Development. Seventeen papers were selected and web¬sites of the Ministry of Health, Spanish Society of Chemother¬apy, Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene, and Vaccinology Spanish Association provided relevant information to our review. Groups of workers at in¬creased risk of acquiring infectious diseases during their pro¬fessional activity were determined, and vaccination recom¬mendations were established (vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, meningococcus, measles, rubella, mumps, chickenpox, influ¬enza, Haemophilus influenzae b, typhoid, polio, tuberculosis and rabies). Conclusions. Epidemiological changes in recent years, with the re-emergence of some diseases such as whooping cough, measles or mumps, force the exposed workers (espe¬cially the health care workers) to check their immune status (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mass Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/trends , Occupational Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Occupational Health/standards , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/immunology , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Primary Prevention/methods , Primary Prevention/organization & administration , Primary Prevention/standards , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Health Personnel/standards , Health PersonnelABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the workplace. Worker vaccination against a number of infectious diseases is considered the most effective strategy of primary prevention to control them. SOURCES: A literature review was performed in Medline and websites of Spanish scientific societies were consulted to detect workers vaccination recommendations. The inclusion criteria was that the recommendation had been made from January 2007 to October 2012. DEVELOPMENT: Seventeen papers were selected and websites of the Ministry of Health, Spanish Society of Chemotherapy, Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene, and Vaccinology Spanish Association provided relevant information to our review. Groups of workers at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases during their professional activity were determined, and vaccination recommendations were established (vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, meningococcus, measles, rubella, mumps, chickenpox, influenza, Haemophilus influenzae b, typhoid, polio, tuberculosis and rabies). CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological changes in recent years, with the re-emergence of some diseases such as whooping cough, measles or mumps, force the exposed workers (especially the health care workers) to check their immune status.
Subject(s)
Health Personnel , Immunization/methods , Infection Control/methods , Vaccination/methods , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Immunization/statistics & numerical data , Infection Control/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure , Spain , Vaccination/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Security Measures , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , 51352 , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Attitude of Health PersonnelSubject(s)
Attitude to Health , Health Personnel , Influenza Vaccines , Motivation , Students/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Since effective treatment against HIV has become available, HIV infection surveillance is focussed not only on AIDS cases, but also on new cases of HIV infection. One of the methods used for this task is compilation of case records. We report the results of 18 years of recording information on new diagnoses of HIV (1985-2002) in the area of Salamanca (Spain). METHODS: Our report system is based on active monitoring of results from the microbiology laboratory of the Salamanca Health Area. All patients testing positive in HIV analytical studies and who had not been previously diagnosed as HIV-infected are included in the report system. RESULTS: A total of 188 579 analytical results were studied. We found 16,772 (9.23%) HIV-positive results, 1984 of which were new HIV infection diagnoses. The incidence for the entire period was 556 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The highest incidence was found in 1992 (62.2 cases/100,000), with a progressive decrease thereafter to 2002 (5.18/100,000). Among the total, 75.3% of patients were men between 20 and 39 years old and more than half (62.2%) were intravenous drug users. Over the period studied, there has been an increase in the age of patients at the time of diagnosis, a trend to increases in the number of cases acquired through heterosexual transmission and a reduction in the number of drug users. During the study period, 312 AIDS cases were declared. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological information systems for HIV surveillance are essential to know the features, magnitude and evolution of the epidemic. Creation of a national HIV infection surveillance system to compile the information from smaller regional or local organisms would contribute substantially to our understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of HIV infection.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Biological Products/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Female , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Transfusion ReactionABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN. Tras la aparición de tratamientos eficaces, la vigilancia epidemiológica de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se ha dirigido no sólo a los casos del sida sino también a los nuevos diagnósticos de VIH. Se presentan los resultados de 18 años (1985-2002) de recogida de información sobre nuevos diagnósticos de VIH en un área de salud de Salamanca. MÉTODOS. Sistema de información basado en las determinaciones analíticas del Laboratorio de Microbiología del Área Sanitaria de Salamanca. Pacientes con criterios de nuevo diagnóstico de infección por VIH, se incluyen en el sistema. RESULTADOS. Se estudiaron 188.579 resultados analíticos, encontrando 16.772 (9,23 por ciento) positivos, con 1.984 nuevos diagnósticos. La tasa de nuevos diagnósticos para el período resultó 556/100.000 habitantes, dándose la tasa más alta en 1992 (62,2/100.000), con un descenso progresivo desde entonces, llegando a 5,18/100.000 en el año 2002. Los pacientes fueron varones (75,3 por ciento), entre 20 y 39 años (79,35 por ciento), y usuarios de drogas parenterales (62,2 por ciento). Se ha observado a lo largo de los años un aumento de la edad de los pacientes en el momento del diagnóstico, un aumento de los casos por transmisión heterosexual y un descenso de los usuarios de drogas. En el período se declararon 312 casos de sida. CONCLUSIONES. Los sistemas de información epidemiológica de los nuevos diagnósticos de VIH son indispensables para conocer la magnitud, las características y la evolución de la epidemia. La creación de un sistema nacional de vigilancia de la infección por VIH, formado a su vez por sistemas autonómicos y/o provinciales, aportaría una interesante información al conocimiento de la epidemiología y la evolución de la enfermedad (AU)
