ABSTRACT
The applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as biocatalysts in different biomedical areas have been evolved very recently. One of the main challenges in this field is to design affective MNPs surfaces with catalytically active atomic centres, while producing minimal toxicological side effects on the hosting cell or tissues. MNPs of vanadium spinel ferrite (VFe2O4) are a promising material for mimicking the action of natural enzymes in degrading harmful substrates due to the presence of active V5+ centres. However, the toxicity of this material has not been yet studied in detail enough to grant biomedical safety. In this work, we have extensively measured the structural, compositional, and magnetic properties of a series of VxFe3-xO4 spinel ferrite MNPs to assess the surface composition and oxidation state of V atoms, and also performed systematic and extensive in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing required to assess their safety in potential clinical applications. We could establish the presence of V5+ at the particle surface even in water-based colloidal samples at pH 7, as well as different amounts of V2+ and V3+ substitution at the A and B sites of the spinel structure. All samples showed large heating efficiency with Specific Loss Power values up to 400 W/g (H0 = 30 kA/m; f = 700 kHz). Samples analysed for safety in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line with up to 24h of exposure showed that these MNPs did not induce major genomic abnormalities such as micronuclei, nuclear buds, or nucleoplasmic bridges (MNIs, NBUDs, and NPBs), nor did they cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) or aneugenic effects-types of damage considered most harmful to cellular genetic material. The present study is an essential step towards the use of these type of nanomaterials in any biomedical or clinical application.
Subject(s)
Ferric Compounds , Humans , Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Ferric Compounds/toxicity , Hep G2 Cells , DNA Damage/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Hot Temperature , Vanadium/chemistry , Vanadium/toxicity , Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Magnetite Nanoparticles/toxicity , Heating , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoparticles/toxicityABSTRACT
ObjetivoIdentificar las prioridades de investigación en cuidados de salud en España, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de enfermería y de los usuarios de los servicios de salud.MétodoTécnica Delphi modificada desarrollada sobre un listado de 24 ítems identificados a partir del consenso previo de un grupo de trabajo. El panel de expertos participantes en la técnica Delphi modificada (2 vueltas) se compuso de cinco grupos: directores de enfermería (Atención Primaria y Hospitalaria), directores de escuelas de enfermería, presidentes de asociaciones científicas de enfermería, investigadores asistentes a los Encuentros de Investigación organizados por Investén-ISCIII, y representantes de usuarios. Se realizaron dos rondas de priorización.ResultadosTras el consenso de los partipantes, fueron consideradas como principales prioridades de investigación en cuidados: «la evaluación de la eficacia de intervenciones de enfermería», «la promoción de la salud: desarrollo de estrategias para implicar al usuario en sus cuidados», «cuidados basados en la evidencia: implantación y evaluación de resultados en la práctica clínica», y «medición de la calidad de cuidados enfermeros».ConclusionesLos resultados obtenidos a través de este estudio pueden contribuir a facilitar la toma de decisiones en materia de gestión de la investigación, ayudando a una mejor justificación y, previsiblemente, mayor financiación de los proyectos de investigación en esta área (AU)
ObjectiveTo identify nursing research priorities in Spain as suggested by nurses and service users.MethodA Modified Delphi technique was used. The first round started off with a 24-item document for which consensus had been previously achieved. Experts participating in this modified (two rounds) Delphi technique were: nursing managers (community and hospital care settings), nursing school directors, scientific nursing association representatives, nursing researchers attending the National Nursing Research Conference, and service users.ResultsMain priorities identified for nursing research were: 1) evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions, 2) identifying strategies for health promotion empowering service users, 3) developing evidence-based care through implementing and evaluating results, and 4) evaluating the quality of nursing care.ConclusionsResults may help research managers and administrators identify and develop nursing research promotion strategies as well as more strongly sustained funding policies and decisions(AU)
Subject(s)
Nursing Research/organization & administration , Nursing Research/statistics & numerical data , Spain , Delphi TechniqueABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing research priorities in Spain as suggested by nurses and service users. METHOD: A Modified Delphi technique was used. The first round started off with a 24-item document for which consensus had been previously achieved. Experts participating in this modified (two rounds) Delphi technique were: nursing managers (community and hospital care settings), nursing school directors, scientific nursing association representatives, nursing researchers attending the National Nursing Research Conference, and service users. RESULTS: Main priorities identified for nursing research were: 1) evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions, 2) identifying strategies for health promotion empowering service users, 3) developing evidence-based care through implementing and evaluating results, and 4) evaluating the quality of nursing care. CONCLUSIONS: Results may help research managers and administrators identify and develop nursing research promotion strategies as well as more strongly sustained funding policies and decisions.
