Análisis de la relevancia percibida del trabajo de planificación compartida de la atención a través de la instrumentalización con cartas / Analysis of the perceived relevance of the work of advance directives through instrumentalization with cards

Objetivo: Desarrollo y evaluación de un instrumento capaz de medir la relevancia percibida del trabajo con cartas para el diálogo acerca de las preferencias en el proceso final de la vida.Método: Se ha construido la escala de la pertinencia percibida acerca del trabajo con cartas para las preferencias al final de la vida la cual ha sido evaluada mediante juicio de expertos y análisis factorial confirmatorio en una muestra de 320 estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería y 68 personas mayores de 40 años.Resultado: Se llega a una solución de 21 ítems, los cuales se ajustan en las 4 dimensiones teórica propuestas de manera óptima (CFI: 0,912; 0,842; 0,816; 0,995; RMSA: 0,170; 0,198; 0,187; 0,076).Conclusiones: La escala de medición de la pertinencia del trabajo con cartas es fiable y válida. Está compuesta por 4 dimensiones: Pertinencia percibida para la formación; Pertinencia percibida para el autoconocimiento; Pertinencia percibida para la aplicación en pacientes; e Iatrogenia percibida del instrumento). (AU)

Objective: Development and evaluation of an instrument capable of measuring the perceived relevance of working with cards for the dialogue about preferences at the end stages of life.Method: A scale to measure the perceived relevance of working with cards for the conversation about preferences at the end of life was developed and evaluated through expert judgment and confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 320 nursing degree students and 68 people older than 40 years.Result: A solution with 21 items was reached, which optimally fitted the four proposed theoretical dimensions (CFI: 0.912; 0.842; 0.816; 0.995; RMSA: 0.170; 0.198; 0.187; 0.076).Conclusions: The scale for measuring the relevance of working with cards is reliable and valid. It is made up of four dimensions: Perceived relevance for training; Perceived relevance for self-knowledge; Perceived relevance for application in patients; and Perceived iatrogenicity of the instrument). (AU)

Psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica en Pediatría. Evaluación de un programa fundamentado en la magia. / Surgical psychoprophylaxis in Pediatrics. Evaluation of a program based on magic

Introducción: La psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica permite poner en funcionamiento mecanismos defensivos capaces de amortiguar el impacto psicoafectivo y emocional que, potencialmente, implica la cirugía. Objetivo: Constatar la efectividad de un programa de psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica basada en la magia en la mejora de diversos indicadores de confort pre y postquirúrgicos. Método: Tras la realización de soporte psicoprofiláctico con un programa de pocos minutos basado en la magia, con grupo control equivalente, se han examinado diferentes aspectos relacionados con el dolor el estrés y la ansiedad pre y postquirúrgica en la infancia durante el ingreso e intervención quirúrgica en una muestra de 52 niños y sus correspondientes padres. Resultados y conclusión: Se han hallado evidencias de una menor presencia de estrés y ansiedad en los niños del grupo experimental frente al grupo control, así como el aumento en la transmisión de emociones positivas con los padres durante su ingreso y transcurso de la cirugía, y una significativa disminución de la ansiedad pre-quirúrgica. Por último, el grupo de psicoporfilaxis basado en la magia presenta, de manera estadísticamente significativa, menos dolor y menos ansiedad postoperatoria que el grupo control. (AU)

Introduction: the surgical psycho-prophylaxis alows us to put into action defensive mechanisms which are able to soften the psychoaffective and emotional impact which, potentially, implies the surgery. Objective: To prove the effectiveness of a surgical prophylactic programme based on the magic and in the improvement of several pre and post surgical comfort indicators. Method: After performing psycho-prophilactic support through a programme of a few minutes based on the magic, with an equivalent control group, we have examined different aspects related to pre and post surgical pain, stress and anxiety in children during their hospitalization and surgical intervention in a sample of 52 children and their parents. Results and conclusion: Evidences of lower levels of stress and anxiety have been observed in the experimental group of children in comparison with those of the control group,together with an improvement in the sharing of positive emotions with their parents during the hospitalization and surgery, and also less pre-surgical anxiety. Finally, the group of children whose prophilaxis is based on the magic shows, in a significant statistical way, less pain and less post-surgical anxiety than the control group. (AU)

Predictive Model of the Psychological Well-Being of Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Lockdown.

Introduction: Lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic radically changed nursing education. Along with social isolation, the transition to distance education affected the well-being of students in several countries, particularly Portugal and Spain. Objectives: To identify which variables are predictors of psychological well-being for Portuguese and Spanish nursing students during mandatory lockdowns. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study involving a sample of 1075 students (944 women, mean age 22.46 + /-4.95 years). Data were collected from an online questionnaire which applied the following scales: Perceived Stress Scale (α = .820); Brief COPE-14 Subscales (α = .430 < 0.930); Well-being Manifestations Measure Scale (α = .940); Herth Hope Index (α = .850). A multiple regression model was created to predict the psychological well-being of nursing students. Results: The following predictor variables were identified in the model of the psychological well-being of students during the COVID-19 pandemic: perceived stress (ß = .405; p ≤ .001); hope (ß = .404; p ≤ .001); and the mechanisms of active coping (ß = .405; p ≤ .001), planning (ß = .097; p ≤ .001), and positive reinterpretation (ß = .053; p = .12). These five variables predicted 62.0% of the nursing students' psychological well-being (R 2 = .620; F = 350.82; p ≤ .001). Conclusion: Promoting students' mental health is essential, especially in periods of great adversity, such as a pandemic. Our results lead the way for the design and validation of an intervention program that addresses the five variables identified as predictors of students' psychological well-being.

Perceived Competence in the Face of Death before and after Nursing Studies: An Intrasubject Longitudinal Study.

Perceived competence is a subject's perception of being able to interact effectively with the environment. Perceived Competence in the face of death in Nursing degree programs in which the presence of the subject of death and bereavement is key becomes more topical and relevant. The objective of this study is to determine whether this competence is improved through Nursing Studies. This study was designed as paired repeated intrasubject measures, initial measurement at the beginning of the first year and second measurement in the fourth year of the Nursing degree. One hundred and seventeen nursing students were assessed. Significant improvement is evidenced in three of the four dimensions of Perceived Competence in the face of death (Accompaniment and Communication: 25.70/29.34; Self-Confidence: 9.64/12.78; Management of Self-Fear: 13.18/14.66). These results show notable differences with their cross-sectional predecessors, suggesting the need for further studies in this field to consolidate a still developing body of knowledge.

Esperança e bem-estar psicológico durante a crise sanitária pela COVID-19: estudo com estudantes de enfermagem / Hope and psychological well-being during the sanitary crisis by COVID-19: a study with nursing students / Esperanza y bienestar psicológico durante la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19: estudio con estudiantes de enfermería

Objetivo: analisar as relações entre a esperança e o bem-estar psicológico de estudantes de enfermagem portugueses durante a crise pandêmica pela COVID-19. Método: estudo descritivo-correlacional, com recurso a questionário online para coleta de dados. Participaram 705 estudantes de enfermagem com idade média de 21,74 anos (DP=4,44). Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a Escala de Esperança de Herth (HHI-PT) e a Escala de Medida de Manifestação de Bem-Estar Psicológico (EMMBEP). Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: na HHI-PT, o domínio afectivo-comportamental obteve a pontuação média mais alta, 3,30 (DP=0,45); no EMMBEP, foi o domínio sociabilidade, 3,64 (DP=0,77). Havia correlações moderadas a fortes (0,383

Aim: to analyze the relationship between hope and the psychological well-being of Portuguese nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Method: this is a descriptive-correlational study using an online questionnaire for data collection. 705 nursing students participated, with a mean age of 21.74 years (SD=4.44). The data collection instruments used were the Herth Hope Index (HHI-PT) and the Well-Being Manifestations Measure Scale (WBMMS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: in the HHI-PT, the affective-behavioral domain had the highest mean score (3.30; SD=0.45), while in the WBMMS, it was the sociability domain, 3.64 (SD=0.77). There were moderate to strong correlations (0.383

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la esperanza y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes portugueses de enfermería durante la crisis pandémica por COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional mediante cuestionario online para la recogida de datos. Participaron 705 estudiantes de enfermería, con una edad promedio de 21,74 años (DE=4,44). Los instrumentos de recolección de datos utilizados fueron la Escala de Esperanza de Herth (HHI-PT) y la Escala de Medida de Manifestación de Bienestar Psicológico (EMMBEP). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: en HHI-PT, fue el dominio afectivoconductual el que obtuvo la puntuación promedio más alta, 3.30 (DE=0.45), en EMMBEP, fue el dominio de sociabilidad, 3.64 (DE=0.77). Hubo correlaciones de moderadas a fuertes (0.383

Adaptación y validación al español de la escala de Bienestar Psicológico EMMBEP en estudiantes de Enfermería / Adaptation and validation into Spanish of the EMMBEP Psychological Well-being scale in Nursing students

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia por CO-VID-19 podría estar dejando secuelas de tipo psicológico en la población. Tanto el hecho esperable de una reinfección de ámbito mundial, como la distribución temporal desigual entre países, nos imponen la necesidad de estar preparados y contar con herramientas que tengan la capacidad de medir en el contexto adecuado la respuesta personal ante esta crisis. OBJETIVO: Llevar a cabo la traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación para estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería de España de la "Escala de Medida de las Manifestaciones del Bienestar Psicológico". MÉTODO: La población diana fueron los estudiantes de los cuatro cursos del Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad Católica de Valencia. La recogida de datos se implementó a través de un cuestionario on line dentro del protocolo @student-sONquarentine. La muestra final quedó constituida por 375 estudiantes. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIÓN: Se mantiene la estructura factorial de la escala portuguesa. KMO: 0,923; T. de Bartlett: 4552,347 (p =.000) y r de Pearson por factores entre .702 y .861. Por lo que contamos con un instrumento con criterios óptimos de validez de constructo y fiabilidad para la medida del Bienestar Psicológico en estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería en condiciones de aislamiento

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic could be leaving psychological consequences in the population, both the expected fact of a global reinfection, and the unequal temporal distribution between countries, impose on us the need to be prepared and have tools with the ability to measure in the appropriate context the personal response to this crisis. OBJECTIVE: To carry out the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation for students of Bachelor of Nursing in Spain of the "Measurement Scale of the Manifestations of Psychological Well-being". METHOD: The target population was the students of the four courses of the Nursing Degree of the Catholic University of Valencia. Data collection was implemented through an online questionnaire within the @studentsONquarentine protocol. The final sample was made up of 375 students. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The factorial structure of the Portuguese scale is maintained. KMO: 0.923; Bartlett's T. 4552.347 (p = .000) and Pearson's r by factors between .702 and .861. Therefore, we have an instrument with optimal criteria of construct validity and reliability for the measurement of Psychological Well-being in Nursing Degree students in conditions of isolation

Calidad de vida en personas con extrofia vesical / Quality of life in people with bladder exstrophy

La Extrofia Vesical es una enfermedad rara caracterizada por tener la vejiga fuera del cuerpo en el momento del nacimiento, afectando de esta manera al aparato urinario, reproductivo y musculo-esquelético. El principal tratamiento es una cirugía por etapas, en la cual es primordial un cierre primario en los primeros días después del nacimiento. OBJETIVO: Analizar la calidad de vida percibida de las personas con Extrofia Vesical. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de tipo cualitativo, desarrollado mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, con un guion previamente establecido, pero permitiendo al informante profundizar en los temas que más le preocupan. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas con personas afectadas por esta enfermedad, acerca de cómo les afectó en sus vidas personales. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los entrevistados informan una disminución de su calidad de vida, debido a las complicaciones de la enfermedad y al impacto psicológico que esto supone para ellos

Vesical Exstrophy is a rare disease characterized by having the bladder out of the body at birth, thus affecting the urinary, reproductive and skeletal muscles. The main treatment is a staged surgery, in which a primary closure is essential in the first days after birth. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to analyze how the quality of life of people with Vesical Exstrophy is. METHODOLOGY: This is a qualitative study, developed through semi-structured interviews, that is, interviews with a previously established script but allowing the informant to delve into the issues that concern him or her. Five interviews were conducted with people affected by this disease and how it affected them in their personal lives. CONCLUSIONS: In most of the interviewees we found a decrease in the quality of life, due to the complications of the disease and the psychological impact this entailed for them

Competencia percibida ante la muerte en estudiantes de enfermería / Perceived competence in nursing students in the face of death

Objetivo. Analizar la competencia percibida del alumno de Grado en Enfermería en la atención en el final de la vida. Método. Investigación cualitativa, de tipo fenomenológica interaccionista. La muestra teórica pertenecía a los estudiantes de los cuatro cursos de enfermería de una universidad priva-da de España. Se recogieron datos de cuatro grupos focales. Se realizó un análisis inductivo descriptivo-interpretativo. Resultados. Emergieron 7 categorías: formación teórica y práctica recibida, valores éticos, capacidad de autonomía, problemas con el en-torno, frustraciones y valor de la profesión, y por último objetivos a largo plazo. Los participantes se perciben a sí mismos como poco competentes en el área del duelo y la muerte. Sienten, asimismo, que poseen pocos conocimientos y que la educación de corte teórico es poco aplicable en la práctica. Conclusiones. Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería sienten que la formación teórica recibida no es suficiente para enfrentarse a la realidad asistencial en el área del duelo y la muerte y que es muy difícil sentirse competentes en relación a los cuida-dos al final de la vida; independientemente de las didácticas que se empleen, pero consideran la práctica como elemento fundamental

Objective. To analyze the level of perceived competence of nursing students in relation to end of life. Method. Qualitative research, of phenomenological interactionist type. The theoretical sample belonged to the students of the four nursing years of a private university in Spain. Data was collected from four focus groups. An inductive descriptive-interpretative analysis was carried out. Results. Seven categories emerged: theoretical and practical training received, ethical values, capacity for autonomy, problems with the environment, frustrations and the value of the profession. Finally, long-term objectives. The participants perceive themselves as not very competent in the area of mourning and death. They also feel that they have insufficient knowledge and that theoretical education is hardly applicable in real life. Conclusions. Nursing students feel that the theoretical training received is not enough to face the reality of care in the area of grief and death and that it is very difficult to feel competent in the face of death; regardless of the didactics that are used, but they con-sider the practice as a fundamental element

Sufrimiento moral en el personal de enfermeira / Sofrimento moral em enfermeiras / Moral distress in nurses

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la percepción de un grupo de enfermeros sobre las causas de sufrimiento moral en su trabajo diario. Método: se trata de un estudio que utiliza la metodología cualitativa, obteniéndose la información a través de un grupo de discusión. El número de asistentes fueron seis y trabajaban en diferentes áreas. Resultados: el sufrimiento moral fue agrupado en tres dimensiones relacionadas con la dimensión personal, en relación con el paciente y su entorno y por ultimo por conflictos con el equipo de salud. Conclusiones: La conceptualización del sufrimiento moral parece complejo y según se desprende del estudio interviene un gran número de factores existentes, en relación al ambiente de trabajo, y en la esfera individual de las personas, estas últimas relacionadas con la personalidad, el género, el déficit de conocimientos y el propio compromiso con la profesión que origina sufrimiento cuando no se dan las condiciones adecuadas para ejercerlo (AU)

The aim of this study is to determine the perception of a group of nurses about the causes of mental suffering in their daily work. Method: This is a study using qualitative methodology, obtaining information through a discussion group. The number of attendees was six and worked in different areas. Results: Moral suffering was grouped into three dimensions related to the personal dimension, in relation to the patient and their environment and ultimately to conflicts with the health team. Conclusions: The conceptualization of moral suffering seems complex, as it is clear from the study a large number of existing factors are involved, in relation to the work environment and the private sphere of individuals. About the latter, factors are related to personality, gender, lack of knowledge and commitment to the profession itself that causes pain when the right conditions to practice are not met (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a percepção de um grupo de enfermeiras sobre as causas do sofrimento moral em seu trabalho diário. Método: Este é um estudo com metodologia qualitativa, a obtenção de informações através de um grupo de discussão. O número de participantes foi de seis e trabalhou em diferentes áreas. Resultado: o sofrimento moral foi agrupado em três dimensões relacionadas com a dimensão pessoal, em relação ao paciente e seu meio ambiente e, finalmente, o conflito com a equipe de saúde. Conclusões: A conceituação do sofrimento moral parece complexa e como resulta do estudo envolveu um grande número de fatores existentes em relação ao ambiente de trabalho e esfera individual de indivíduos, esta última relacionada à personalidade, sexo, falta de conhecimento e compromisso com a própria profissão que causa sofrimento, quando não forem cumpridas, o direito de exercer condições (AU)

Sensibilidade moral e fatores relacionados: percepção de enfermeiros / Moral sensitivity and related factors: the perception of nurses / Sensibilidad moral y factores asociados: percepción de enfermeros

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção de enfermeiros acerca da sensibilidade moral e seus fatores relacionados. Pesquisa qualitativa, com dados coletados em grupo focal e analisado pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, em março de 2016. Participaram seis enfermeiros das seguintes áreas de atuação - cuidados paliativos, hematologia, urgência, unidade de tratamento intensivo e docente - da cidade de Valência, Espanha. Depreenderam-se quatro categorias: o conceito de sensibilidade moral; a dimensão profissional; a relação com o paciente; e a educação ética. Os enfermeiros investigados apresentaram visão restrita do conceito de sensibilidade moral, porém identificaram fatores que influenciam a sensibilidade moral. Observou-se a percepção deles em relação à necessidade de ampliação e desenvolvimento dos processos formativos em ética, ainda durante a graduação e nos próprios serviços de saúde, com vistas ao aprimoramento dos cuidados de enfermagem.(AU)

This study aimed to investigate nurses' perception regarding moral sensitivity and factors related to it. It is a qualitative study, with data collected in focus groups and analyzed using the technique of content analysis, in March 2016. A total of six nurses participated, from the following areas of work ­ palliative care, hematology, urgent care, the intensive care unit, and lecturing ­ from the city of Valencia in Spain. Four categories were surmised: the concept of moral sensitivity; the professional dimension; the relationship with the patient; and ethical education. The nurses investigated presented a restricted view of the concept of moral sensitivity, although they identified factors which influence moral sensitivity.(AU)

Estudio cuyo propósito fue conocer la percepción de enfermeros acerca de la sensibilidad moral, así como de factores asociados a ello. Investigación cualitativa, con datos obtenidos por medio de grupo focal y analizados por la técnica de análisis de contenido, en marzo de 2016. Los participantes fueron seis enfermeros de las siguientes áreas de actuación ­ cuidados paliativos, hematología, urgencia, unidad de tratamiento intensivo y docente ­ de la ciudad de Valencia, España. Del estudio, resultaron cuatro categorías: concepto de sensibilidad moral; dimensión profesional; relación con el paciente; y educación ética. Los enfermeros investigados presentaron visión restricta del concepto de sensibilidad moral; sin embargo identificaron factores que interfieren en la sensibilidad moral. Se observó la percepción de ellos acerca de la necesidade de ampliación y desarrollo de los procesos formativos en ética aun durante la graduación y en los propios servicios de salud, a fin de que los cuidados de enfermería sean perfeccionados.(AU)