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1.
PLoS One ; 18(8): e0290544, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37624820

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological treatment with lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs has been proposed as a strategy to improve excess cardiovascular (CV) risk among obese individuals. The present study aimed to assess whether the CV polypill (Sincronium®) could be an effective strategy to help improve CV risk factor control in obese/overweight individuals requiring secondary prevention. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective study reviewing the hospital medical records of 479 patients with established CV disease who initiated treatment with the CV polypill between 2013 and 2019 at a general hospital in Mexico. Patients were grouped as normal weight, overweight or obese according to their initial body mass index (BMI). We collected blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, and vascular age at the last visit recorded during the period following treatment. RESULTS: At the end of the study, all assessed lipid parameters improved compared to baseline regardless of the initial BMI category (all p<0.001). There was an increase from baseline regarding the proportion of patients with at target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after treatment (2.3% vs. 30.1%; p<0.001), more than 80% of patients achieved triglyceride levels <200 mg/dL (p<0.001), and more than 80% achieved target BP levels in all BMI subgroups (p<0.001). The subanalyses in the elderly population yielded similar results, with a significant overall improvement in lipid and BP control after initiating the CV polypill strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the CV polypill as baseline therapy for secondary prevention seems to be a reasonable strategy that enhances CV risk factor control regardless of the patient's BMI.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Humans , Aged , Body Mass Index , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Blood Pressure , Overweight/complications , Retrospective Studies , Cholesterol, LDL , Hospitals, General
2.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(23)2022 Nov 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36496800

ABSTRACT

Long-term monitoring programs of species at risk are efficacious tools to assess population changes, evaluate conservation strategies, and improve management practices to ensure populations reach levels at which they can fulfill their ecological roles. For sea turtles, annual nesting beach surveys are the most accessible method to estimating the population abundance and reproductive output, especially when these are done in primary nesting sites. However, little data exist on the long-term assessment of these parameters. Here, we present the trends of the nest abundance, female size, hatching, and emergence success of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles at key nesting beaches in the southern Gulf of Mexico over 31 years (from 1990 to 2021). The nest abundance showed an increasing trend in both species as a result of the sustained protection and conservation effort, but there was no significant temporal trend in the annual female size, clutch size, hatching, and emergence success. However, these indicators showed decreasing mean values over the last decade and should be closely monitored. We suggest these decreases link to the combined effects of ocean warming and anthropogenic pressures affecting the sea turtle foraging grounds. Aside from protecting key nesting sites, protecting and restoring crucial foraging habitats should be an immediate priority requiring international cooperation.

3.
Enferm. univ ; 14(4): 277-285, oct.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-891528

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los eventos adversos (EA) son un daño no intencionado derivado de la atención sanitaria que se relacionan con los recursos humanos, los factores del sistema o las condiciones clínicas del paciente. Objetivo: Analizar factores relacionados con la calidad y la seguridad del paciente a través de los reportes de EA. Metodología: Diseño transversal, multicéntrico, realizado en 5 institutos nacionales de salud y en un hospital de alta especialidad, se estudiaron los EA ocurridos durante 18 meses, para lo cual se utilizó el instrumento SYREC 2007; análisis descriptivo y evaluación de asociación entre grado de evitabilidad y factores intrínsecos, extrínsecos y del sistema; se observaron los aspectos éticos vigentes. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 540 EA, ocurrieron 55.5% en hombres, 58.7% estaban en estado de alerta, el 92.6% de los EA ocurrió en el servicio asignado, el 55.9% no se reportó a la familia, se consideró sin duda como evitable en el 70.5%, los factores del sistema estuvieron presentes en 80.6%, hubo asociación significativa entre estos y la evitabilidad del suceso. Discusión: Los principales resultados encontrados son coincidentes con otras investigaciones internacionales tales como: To err is human 1999, el estudio ENEAS de España 2006 y con el de prevalencia IBEAS 2010; en todos ellos se hizo evidente la necesidad de reforzar la cultura de la notificación de los EA y el clima para la seguridad del paciente, además de promover una reflexión interpersonal acerca de la calidad de los servicios asistenciales. Conclusiones: Los factores relacionados con el sistema tienen un mayor peso en la aparición de EA. Es de vital importancia su identificación a fin de poder evitarlos.


Introduction: Adverse events (AE) are unintended harms derived from human health attention, system factors, or clinical conditions in the patients. Objective: To analyze factors influencing the quality of patient healthcare and safety through the review of diverse records on AEs. Methodology: This transversal and multi-centric design study was carried out in five National Institutes of Health and a high specialty hospital. AEs in an 18 month period were studied using the SYREC 2007 instrument. Descriptive analysis, as well as assessments on the association between the preventability degree and the intrinsic, extrinsic, and system factors were all performed. Current ethical issues were observed. Results: A total of 540 AEs were analyzed; 55.5% occurred in men; 58.7% occurred during state of alertness; 92.6% occurred at the assigned service; 55.9% were not reported to the families; 70.5% were considered preventable; and system factors were present in 80.6% of them. A significant association between the AEs and the possibility to prevent them was found. Discussion: The main findings were consistent with those of other international studies including: ''To err is human'', 1999, the ENEAS study in Spain, 2006, and the IBEAS prevalence study, 2010. All of these studies emphasize the need to strengthen the culture of AE-notifying and to improve the patient safety climate, as well as to promote inter-personal reflections on to the quality of care services. Conclusions: System-related factors have the strongest influence on the occurrence of AEs, and thus, their identification becomes critical in order to enhance the quality of healthcare services.


Introdução: Os Eventos Adversos (EA) são um dano não intencionado derivado da atenção sanitária que se relaciona com os recursos humanos, os fatores do sistema ou as condições clínicas do paciente. Objetivo: Analisar fatores relacionados com a qualidade e a segurança do paciente a través dos relatórios de EA. Metodologia: Desenho transversal, multicéntrico, realizado em cinco Institutos Nacionais de Saúde e um hospital de alta especialidade, estudaram-se os EA ocorridos durante 18 meses, para o qual se utilizou o instrumento SYREC 2007; análise descritiva e avaliação de associação entre grau de evitabilidade e fatores intrínsecos, extrínsecos e do sistema; observaram-se os aspectos éticos vigentes. Resultados: Analisaram-se um total de 540 EA, ocorreram 55.5% em homens, 58.7% estavam em estado de alerta, o 92.6% o EA aconteceu no serviço assignado, o 55.9% não se informou à família, considerou-se sem dúvida como evitável no 70.5%, os fatores do sistema estiveram presentes em 80.6%, houve associação significativa entre estes e a evitabilidade do evento. Discussão: Os principais resultados encontrados são coincidentes com outras pesquisas internacionais tais como: ''To err is human'' 1999, o estudo ENEAS da Espanha 2006 e com o de prevalência IBEAS 2010; em todos eles se fez evidente a necessidade de reforçar a cultura da notificação dos EA e o clima para a segurança do paciente, além de promover una reflexão interpessoal acerca da qualidade dos serviços assistenciais. Conclusões: Os fatores relacionados com o sistema têm um maior peso na aparição de EA. É de vital importância sua identificação a fim de poder evitá-los.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Middle Aged , Aged , Patients , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Hospitalization
4.
Enferm. univ ; 12(2): 63-72, abr.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-761934

ABSTRACT

La atención a la salud a veces puede representar un riesgo para los pacientes, que puede derivar en daño físico, psicológico, social, económico, e incluso la muerte. Estos incidentes se denominan eventos adversos (EA) y se presentan durante el proceso de atención. Objetivo: Determinar la ocurrencia de los EA en las áreas de cuidados intensivos y conocer los factores intrínsecos, extrínsecos y del sistema que están presentes en la aparición de un EA, así como su evitabilidad y gravedad. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, analítico, transversal y observacional, en siete instituciones de salud de carácter público y de alta especialidad en México. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 137 personas durante el periodo comprendido del 1-04-2012 al 31-01-2013. Los datos se recolectaron con la ficha de notificación de EA tomada y adaptada del proyecto SYREC 2007. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 17. Se realizaron pruebas de correlación de Spearman y phi, U de Mann-Witney, Kruskal-Wallis y Chi2. Resultados: El 58% de los EA se presentaron en pacientes masculinos, el 60% en edad pediátrica. Los EA relacionados con el cuidado fueron los más frecuentes con un 29.9%. En el 51% estuvieron relacionados con invalidez temporal. En un 75% de los casos se pudieron evitar. Sobresalen los factores del sistema con un 98%.Conclusiones: La población más vulnerable son los niños y los adultos mayores, los EA están relacionados directamente con el cuidado de enfermería y su mayoría son evitables. Es necesario implementar estrategias para la gestión de la seguridad del paciente para detectar, registrar, prevenir y minimizar su frecuencia.


Health treatment can sometimes involve risk for patients, which can result in physical, psychological, social, or financial damage, and even death. These incidents are called adverse events (AE) and occur during the treatment process.ObjectiveTo determine the occurrence of AE in intensive care areas, and identify the intrinsic, extrinsic, and systemic factors involved in an AE, and to assess their severity and how to avoid them. Methods Multi-centric, analytic, transversal, and observational study conducted on 7 public and high specialty health institutions in Mexico with a sample of 137 individuals. The study was carried out from 04/01/2012 to 01/31/2013. Data were collected through SYREC 2007 project adapted AE notification charts. SPSS version 17 was used. Spearman, Phi, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi2 tests were performed. Results:58% of AE occurred among male patients, 60% among the pediatric population. The most frequent AE were those related to care (29.9%). 51% were related to temporal disability. 75% of the cases could not be avoided. Systemic factors were the prevalent ones with 98%. Conclusions: The most vulnerable populations are children and the elderly. AE are directly related to nursing care and most are avoidable. It is necessary to implement strategies to manage patient safety in order to detect, register, prevent, and minimize the frequency of AE.


A atenção à saúde representa em vários momentos um risco para os pacientes, que pode derivar em dano físico, psicológico, social, económico, inclusivé a morte. Estes incidentes denominam-se eventos adversos (EA), apresentam-se durante o processo de atenção. Objetivo Determinar a ocorrência dos EA nas áreas de cuidados intensivos e conhecer fatores intrínsecos, extrínsecos e do sistema que estão presentes no aparecimento de um EA, bem como a possibilidade de evita-los e a sua gravidade. Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico, analítico, transversal e observacional, em 7 instituições de saúde pública e de alta especialidade no México. A amostra foi de (n = 137) durante o periodo compreendido entre 01-04-2012 e 31-01-2013. Os dados foram recolhidos com a ficha de notificação de EA tomada e adaptada do projeto SYREC 2007. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS versão 17. Realizaram-se testes de correlação de Spearman e Phi, U de Mann-Witney, Kruskal-Wallis e Chi2. Resultados: Os 58% dos EA apresentaram-se nos pacientes masculinos, os 60% na idade pediátrica. Os EA mais frequentes foram relacionados com o cuidado, com 29.9%. 51% estiveram relacionados com incapacidade temporária. Em 75% dos casos pôde-se evitar. Sobressaem os fatores do sistema com 98%. Conclusões: A população mais vulnerável são as crianças e os idosos, os EA relacionam-se diretamente com o cuidado da enfermagem e a sua maioria são evitáveis. É necessário implementar estratégias para a gestão da segurança do paciente para detectar, registrar, prevenir e minimizar a sua frequência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female
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