ABSTRACT
Resumen: En este artículo se presenta un enfoque para rehabilitación pasiva de miembro superior mediante la formulación de cuatro casos de estudio haciendo un análisis de las patologías y los ejercicios que se aplican. Para llevar a cabo la experimentación en los casos propuestos se registraron los datos de las trayectorias de las articulaciones del brazo de un paciente realizando los ejercicios de rehabilitación con un terapeuta. Se diseñó el exoesqueleto ERMIS de siete grados de libertad para emular los movimientos anatómicos en el brazo durante la rehabilitación a partir de los requerimientos de los casos de estudio. Para validar el funcionamiento del exoesqueleto en los casos se simuló el modelo dinámico del ERMIS y se compararon los datos con los datos muestreados de los ejercicios. Al final se presentan los resultados obtenidos de los ejercicios realizados con el exoesqueleto, obteniendo en la precisión un desempeño promedio del 95% en los movimientos de hombro, codo y muñeca al emular la terapia con timón.
Abstract: This paper presents an approach for passive upper limb rehabilitation based on four case studies by analyzing the pathologies and exercises that are applied. To carry out the experimentation in the proposed cases, the data from the trajectories of the patient's arm articulations were registered, performing the rehabilitation exercises with a therapist. The ERMIS exoskeleton´s seven degrees of freedom was designed to emulate the anatomical movements in the arm during rehabilitation from the requirements of the case studies. To validate the exoskeleton performance in the study cases, the ERMIS's dynamic model was simulated and the data were compared with the sampled data of the exercises. At the end, the results obtained from exoskeleton exercises emulating rudder therapy, where shoulder, elbow and wrist movements were showed with an accuracy of 95%.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to provide scientific evidence that would permit DEJ separation to be used as a parameter to estimate the temperature to which burnt, carbonized or incinerated cadavers or human remains had been subjected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive pseudo-experimental study was carried out in vitro using cone beam tomography to determine the physical behavior of the dentine-enamel junction in 60 human premolars submitted to high temperatures (200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C and 1000°C). RESULTS: Spearman's concordance and correlation index was used to determine the relationship between longitudinal separation of the dentine-enamel junction (mm) and temperature (°C) and a simple linear regression model developed to show that once micro- and macrostructural changes are initiated in the enamel and dentine. CONCLUSIONS: The dentine-enamel junction begins to separate from the cervical towards the occlusal as temperature increases.
Subject(s)
Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Dental Enamel/diagnostic imaging , Dentin/diagnostic imaging , Hot Temperature , Bicuspid/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Enamel/pathology , Dentin/pathology , Forensic Dentistry , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , In Vitro Techniques , Logistic Models , PhotographyABSTRACT
Objective: The Pan-American Trauma Society (PTS) developed a Trauma and Emergency Ultrasound Course (USET) in response to the requirement for trauma ultrasound training for low-and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of this course. Method: Pre- and post-course tests were used. And interval estimation of proportions was calculated at 95% CI. Theoretical and practical pre- and post-course knowledge were assessed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test at 0.05 level of statistical significance. Result: Between 2005 and 2007, 114 students, including general surgeons, emergency medicine physicians, anesthesiologists, critical care physicians, and residents of these specialties, were trained in seven countries (Uruguay, Peru, Mexico, Venezuela, Aruba, Colombia, and Ecuador). The difference on complete knowledge ranked scores before and after the course was statistically significant (p<0.001). After the course, almost all participants (97.4%) demonstrated complete knowledge in final evaluation. Conclusion: The USET course is an effective approach for trauma ultrasound training. Specific training programs for trauma care providers that work in low-and middle-income countries are necessary and could be performed with low cost training programs.
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BACKGROUND: Popliteal arterial injuries carry a high risk of amputation. The currently available literature from both civilian and military experiences is characterized by a wide variation of recommendations for surgical management. We questioned how these recommendations have been applied in our practice. Therefore, we aimed to identify predictors of amputation after popliteal arterial injury. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 175 patients with popliteal arterial injuries who underwent surgical treatment from 1992 to 2006 at a level I trauma center in Cali, Colombia. Information on demographic characteristics, clinical information, and surgical management was collected from clinical records. The outcome measure was amputation within 30 days following the first surgical intervention. RESULTS: The amputation rate was 17.1%. A multivariable logistic regression model indicates that blunt mechanism (odds ratio [OR] 4.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-15.42), signs of ischemia (OR 5.29, 95% CI 1.48-18.91), ligation of the popliteal vein of the compromised limb during surgical exploration (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.20-12.18), and the development of arterial thrombosis (OR 56.51, 95% CI 12.36-258) were found to be independent predictors of amputation. Fractures, popliteal venous injuries, prolonged time between injury and surgery, fasciotomies, and graft arterial repair were not statistically significant predictors of amputation. CONCLUSIONS: Emphasis on the early assessment and prompt identification of signs of ischemia after popliteal arterial injury continue to be the most important factor for reducing the risk of amputation, especially in blunt trauma. Vascular trauma teams must emphasize the need for the specialized management of popliteal veins. Clinical research is needed in order to identify means of decreasing arterial thrombosis after popliteal repair.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar si existe o no relación entre las Creencias Irracionales, el Bienestar Psicológico y la Estabilidad Emocional en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Dicha muestra está compuesta de 65 personas, hombres y mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 33 años de edad. Los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados fueron la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (b) (EBP), la Escala de Estabilidad Emocional del Cuestionario "Big Five" (b) (BFQ) y la Escala de Actitudes y Creencias. Los resultados de los análisis de correlación de Pearson indicaron que existen correlaciones negativas significativas entre Creencias Irracionales, Bienestar Psicológico y Estabilidad Emocional.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Emotions , Cognitive ScienceABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar si existe o no relación entre las Creencias Irracionales, el Bienestar Psicológico y la Estabilidad Emocional en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Dicha muestra está compuesta de 65 personas, hombres y mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 33 años de edad. Los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados fueron la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (b) (EBP), la Escala de Estabilidad Emocional del Cuestionario "Big Five" (b) (BFQ) y la Escala de Actitudes y Creencias. Los resultados de los análisis de correlación de Pearson indicaron que existen correlaciones negativas significativas entre Creencias Irracionales, Bienestar Psicológico y Estabilidad Emocional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cognitive Science , EmotionsABSTRACT
The aim of this article is to analyze the current situation of AIDS in Latin American countries. Specifically, to compare their situation with other geographic areas of the planet, the prevalence index per countries, distribution per sex and age and, finally, the main ways of transmission in each country. The most recent data published by OMS and demographic data obtained from the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Center (CELADE) was used. This analysis reflects that in Latin America it is impossible to talk about AIDS in a homogeneous way since the differences between countries are remarkable.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Latin America/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo es adaptar al castellano The HIV/AIDS Adolescent-Parent Communication Scale (Paniagua, 1997) para poder evaluar el nivel y la calidad de la comunicación existente entre los padres y los hijos adolescentes sobre temas relacionados con el VIH/SIDA. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conseguir una escala de redacción definitiva que resulte comprensible a la muestra a la cual va dirigida, adolescentes con trastornos psicológicos y adolescentes sin trastornos psicológicos...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Parents , Parent-Child Relations , Communication , Adolescent , Translating , TranslationsABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo es adaptar al castellano The HIV/AIDS Adolescent-Parent Communication Scale (Paniagua, 1997) para poder evaluar el nivel y la calidad de la comunicación existente entre los padres y los hijos adolescentes sobre temas relacionados con el VIH/SIDA. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conseguir una escala de redacción definitiva que resulte comprensible a la muestra a la cual va dirigida, adolescentes con trastornos psicológicos y adolescentes sin trastornos psicológicos...