ABSTRACT
La educación en valores constituye un aspecto esencial en la educación contemporánea, dada la necesidad de formar hombres capaces de transformar creadoramente el entorno donde habitan y, al mismo tiempo, ser ejemplo de comportamiento ciudadano y cívico. Se aborda la formación de valores en los predios universitarios. A tales efectos se muestran criterios sobre la naturaleza de los valores y su proceso en el contexto ecuatoriano(AU)
Values education constitutes an essential aspect in contemporary education, due to the necessity of training men able to transform, in a creative way, the environment where they live in and, at the same time, be an example of citizen and civic behaviour. Values training is dealt with in the University grounds. To such effects some criteria about values nature and their process in the Ecuatorian context are shown(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Faculty , Social Desirability , Social Values , Knowledge Management , Staff Development , Education, Professional , Ecuador , CommunicationABSTRACT
La educación en valores constituye un aspecto esencial en la educación contemporánea, dada la necesidad de formar hombres capaces de transformar creadoramente el entorno donde habitan y, al mismo tiempo, ser ejemplo de comportamiento ciudadano y cívico. Se aborda la formación de valores en los predios universitarios. A tales efectos se muestran criterios sobre la naturaleza de los valores y su proceso en el contexto ecuatoriano.
Values education constitutes an essential aspect in contemporary education, due to the necessity of training men able to transform, in a creative way, the environment where they live in and, at the same time, be an example of citizen and civic behaviour. Values training is dealt with in the University grounds. To such effects some criteria about values nature and their process in the Ecuatorian context are shown.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Values , Education, Professional , Faculty/education , Knowledge Management , Social Desirability , Staff Development , Communication , Ecuador/ethnologyABSTRACT
En este artículo se establecen las bases teóricas de los presupuestos epistemológicos de los aspectos más significativos que permiten precisar los referentes en el proceso histórico-pedagógico de las bibliotecas escolares en Cuba y la cultura histórico-pedagógica de sus bibliotecarios desde 1960 hasta 2013. Asimismo se ofrece una valoración del estado actual de los saberes que sobre dicho tema poseen los profesionales dedicados a la actividad bibliotecaria en Santiago de Cuba(AU)
The theoretical bases that back up the epistemological budgets of the most significant aspects that allow to specify the referent on the historical-pedagogical process of the school libraries and the historical-pedagogical culture of their librarians from 1960 to 2013 are established in this work. Also a valuation of the current state of the knowledge that the professionals dedicated to the librarian activity in Santiago de Cuba possess about this topic is offered(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Librarians , Libraries/history , Remedial Teaching , TeachingABSTRACT
The PI3K signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, and metabolism, and is aberrantly activated in human cancer. As such, numerous compounds targeting the PI3K pathway are currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of cancer, and several have shown some early indications of efficacy in breast cancer. However, resistance against these agents, both de novo and acquired, may ultimately limit the efficacy of these compounds. Here, we have taken a systematic functional approach to uncovering potential mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibitors and have identified several genes whose expression promotes survival under conditions of PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) blockade, including the ribosomal S6 kinases RPS6KA2 (RSK3) and RPS6KA6 (RSK4). We demonstrate that overexpression of RSK3 or RSK4 supports proliferation upon PI3K inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, in part through the attenuation of the apoptotic response and upregulation of protein translation. Notably, the addition of MEK- or RSK-specific inhibitors can overcome these resistance phenotypes, both in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models with elevated levels of RSK activity. These observations provide a strong rationale for the combined use of RSK and PI3K pathway inhibitors to elicit favorable responses in breast cancer patients with activated RSK.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms/enzymology , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Quinolines/pharmacology , Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism , Aminopyridines/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cell Survival/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Drug Synergism , Female , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/pharmacology , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Mice , Mice, Nude , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Morpholines/pharmacology , Open Reading Frames , Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors , Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/antagonists & inhibitors , Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics , Signal Transduction , Transcriptome , Tumor Burden/drug effects , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A subgroup of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast tumors coexpresses p95HER2, a truncated HER2 receptor that retains a highly functional HER2 kinase domain but lacks the extracellular domain and results in intrinsic trastuzumab resistance. We hypothesized that lapatinib, a HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, would be active in these tumors. We have studied the correlation between p95HER2 expression and response to lapatinib, both in preclinical models and in the clinical setting. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two different p95HER2 animal models were used for preclinical studies. Expression of p95HER2 was analyzed in HER2-overexpressing breast primary tumors from a first-line lapatinib monotherapy study (EGF20009) and a second-line lapatinib in combination with capecitabine study (EGF100151). p95HER2 expression was correlated with overall response rate (complete + partial response), clinical benefit rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease > or =24 wk), and progression-free survival using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Lapatinib inhibited tumor growth and the HER2 downstream signaling of p95HER2-expressing tumors. A total of 68 and 156 tumors from studies EGF20009 and EGF100151 were evaluable, respectively, for p95HER2 detection. The percentage of p95HER2-positive patients was 20.5% in the EGF20009 study and 28.5% in the EGF100151 study. In both studies, there was no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival, clinical benefit rate, and overall response rate between p95HER2-positive and p95HER2-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Lapatinib as a monotherapy or in combination with capecitabine seems to be equally effective in patients with p95HER2-positive and p95HER2-negative HER2-positive breast tumors.