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1.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 135: 77-86, 2019 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30513478

ABSTRACT

Transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. MicroTom) overexpressing both the K+,Na+/H+ antiporter LeNHX2 and the regulatory kinase SlSOS2 were produced by crossing transgenic homozygous lines overexpressing LeNHX2 and SlSOS2. LeNHX2 expression was enhanced in plants overexpressing LeNHX2 but surprisingly even more in plants overexpressing SlSOS2 with and without LeNHX2. All transgenic plants showed better NaCl tolerance than wild type controls and plants overexpressing both LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 grew better under saline conditions than plants overexpressing only one of these genes. Yield related parameters indicated that single and above all double transgenic plants performed significantly better than wild type controls. All transgenic plants produced fruits with a higher K+ content than wild-type plants and plants overexpressing SlSOS2 accumulated more Na+ in fruits than the rest of the plants when grown with NaCl. Roots, stems and leaves of transgenic plants overexpressing LeNHX2 showed a higher K+ content than wild type and single transgenic plants overexpressing SlSOS2. Na+ content in stems and leaves of NaCl treated plants was higher in SlSOS2 overexpressing plants than in wild type and LeNHX2 single transgenic plants. All transgenic lines showed a higher leaf relative water content and a higher plant water content and water use efficiency than wild type controls when both were grown in the presence of NaCl. Results in this work indicate that the joint overexpression of LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 improves growth and water status under NaCl stress, affects K+ and Na+ homeostasis and enhances fruit yield of tomato plants.


Subject(s)
Antiporters/physiology , Fruit/growth & development , Genes, Plant/physiology , Plant Proteins/physiology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology , Solanum lycopersicum/physiology , Antiporters/genetics , Fruit/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant/genetics , Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Stems/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified , Potassium/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Salt Tolerance , Salt-Tolerant Plants , Sodium/metabolism , Water/metabolism
2.
Pap. psicol ; 34(1): 32-48, ene.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-110542

ABSTRACT

En la presente revisión teórica analizamos las posibles relaciones entre la psicopatía subclínica y las diversas manifestaciones de maltrato psicológico en las relaciones íntimas. Para ello es preciso delimitar el concepto de psicopatía subclínica, así como también la problemática del maltrato psicológico en la pareja, también denominado violencia emocional y/o violencia invisible, puesto qu es el tipo de maltrato que mayormente perpetran las parejas psicópatas en sus relaciones, todo lo cual nos permitirá ofrecer un conjunto de indicadores para concretar un perfil no psicopatológico del agresor psicópata en la pareja. Delimitamos el perfil general del psicópata integrado en la pareja, así como también el tipo de relaciones íntimas que suelen establecer y los indicadores de maltrato psicológico que representan factores de riesgo de la relación. Finalmente, también revisamos las posibles relaciones entre esos indicadores y los rasgos psicopáticos (AU)


In the current theoretical review we analyze the likely relationship between subclinical psychopathy and various forms of psychological maltreatment in intimate relationships. Accordingly, it is necessary to delimit the concept of subclinical psychopathy, as well as the issue of psychological maltreatment in couple relationships, also known as emotional and/or invisible violence, since it is the type of abuse mostly perpetrated by psychopathic couples in their intimate relationships, all of which will allow us to provide a set of indicators in order to particularize a non psychopathological profile of the psychopathic aggressor in the couple. We delimit the general profile of the successful psychopath in the couple, as well as the kind of intimate relationships they often establish and the psychological abuse indicators/manifestations which depict risk factors in the relationship. Finally, we also review the likely associations between those indicators and psychopathic traits (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Spouse Abuse/psychology , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Risk Factors , Sexual Partners/psychology , Family Conflict/psychology
3.
Apuntes psicol ; 29(3): 397-412, sep.-dic. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-103831

ABSTRACT

La investigación analiza el fenómeno del maltrato psicológico y la presencia de los factores asociados al mismo ("desvalorización", "hostilidad", "indiferencia", "intimidación", "imposición de conductas", "culpabilización" y "bondad aparente") en las relaciones de pareja de jóvenes universitarios/as. El artículo tiene como propósito aportar un mayor conocimiento a lo referente a la relación entre la variable edad y el ejercicio de conductas de maltrato psicológico. Participaron 1080 estudiantes de la Universidad de Extremadura (España) con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 23 años. Los resultados indican que el intervalo de edad de 17-18 años es donde se evidencia un mayor número de indicadores de violencia psicológica. Todo parece indicar que exite una elevada relación entre el inicio precoz de la violencia y el carázter severo y crónico de los malos tratos en la edad adulta. Se propone anticiparnos a las situaciones de conflictividad conyugal con las medidas tan importantes como la educación emocional temprana(AU)


The research analyzes the phenomenon of psychological abuse and the presence of the factors associated with it ("impairment", "hostility", "indifference", "intimidation", "imposition of conduct", "guilt" and "apparent goodness") in the relationships of university students. The paper aims to provide a better understanding regarding the relationship between the variable age and exercise behaviors of psychological abuse. 1080 students attended the University of Extremadura (Spain) aged between 17 and 23. The results indicate that the age range of 17-18 years is evidence where a greater number of indicators of psychological violence. It seems that avoids an elevated ratio of early onset of violence and carázter severe and chronic abuse in adulthood. It is proposed to anticipate the marital conflict situations with such important measures as early emotional education(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Spouse Abuse , Couples Therapy , Emotional Intelligence , Domestic Violence , Violence Against Women , Family Conflict , Violence , Spain
4.
An. psicol ; 26(1): 189-196, ene.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-79512

ABSTRACT

La investigación analiza la competencia comunicativa y el grado de adaptación escolar de niños con medidas de protección. Aporta un mayor conocimiento en lo relativo a la relación entre la competencia social y lingüística de los niños; y analiza la presencia de dificultades en los diferentes componentes del lenguaje (morfología, sintaxis, semántica y pragmática). El estudio pone de manifiesto un desarrollo lingüístico por debajo de la edad cronológica de los niños, siendo mayores las dificultades en pragmática y morfología que en sintaxis y semántica. Asimismo, los resultados indican que los niños presentan inadaptación escolar, que se manifiesta en aversión al aprendizaje, indisciplina, baja motivación e interés por el estudio, aversión al profesor e insatisfacción escolar. La investigación se desarrolla en los Centros de Acogida de Menores de Extremadura (España). La muestra se compone de 74 niños de entre 6 y 18 años. Llamamos la atención sobre aspectos tan importantes como la intencionalidad en la comunicación y el contexto en el que se desarrolla el lenguaje de los niños (AU)


The research analyses the communicative competence and the degree of school adjustment of children in care. It provides further knowledge of the relationship between the children's social and linguistic skill and analyses the presence of difficulties in the different components of language (morphology, syntaxis, semantics and pragmatics). The study illustrates that the children's linguistic development is below what is considered to be normal for their chronological age. They have greater difficulties in pragmatics and morphology than in syntaxis and semantics. Like-wise, the results indicate that the children present school maladjustment, which demonstrates in aversion to the learning, indiscipline, low motivation and interest for the study, disgust to the teacher and school discontent. The research was carried out in children's homes in Extremadura (Spain). The sample consists of 74 children between 6 and 18 years of age. We call attention to such important aspects as intentionality in communication and the context in which the children's language is developed (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Language Development , Child, Institutionalized/psychology , Language Development Disorders/psychology , Child Custody , Adaptation, Psychological , Child Abuse/psychology
5.
An. psicol ; 25(2): 250-260, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-73422

ABSTRACT

El artículo destaca la necesidad del empleo de la inteligencia emocional como una alternativa constructiva para la prevención del maltrato psicológico en la pareja. Basándonos en las investigaciones que afirman que habitualmente las manifestaciones de maltrato psicológico en la pareja son previas a las físicas (Follingstad, Rutledge, Berg, Hause y Polek, 1990; Loring, 1994; O´Leary, 1999) y que el impacto en las víctimas es igual o superior al ocasionado por el maltrato fisico (Henning y Klesges, 2003; Marshall, 1992; Sackett y Saunders, 1999; Street y Arias, 2001), destacamos la necesidad de una intervención preventiva primaria. Se trata de que víctimas y agresores rompan con los estereotipos marcados por el género y aprendan a través de la inteligencia emocional a establecer relaciones de pareja basadas en la empatía, el diálogo, la negociación, la cooperación y la resolución de conflictos constructiva. El análisis de las competencias emocionales llevado a cabo a partir del modelo multifactorial de Bar-On (1997) secunda nuestra tesis sobre la importancia de una prevención integral que implique en sus medidas tanto a mujeres como a varones y evite incurrir en la percepción engañosa de considerar la violencia como un problema “patrimonio de mujeres” (Bonino, 2000)(AU)


The article emphasizes the need of the employment of the emotional intelligence as a constructive alternative for the prevention of the psychological abuse in the couple. Basing on the researches that affirm that habitually the manifestations of psychological abuse in the couple are before the physical (Follingstad, Rutledge, Berg, Hause & Polek, 1990; Loring, 1994; O'Leary, 1999) and that the impact in the victims is equal or superior to the caused one for the physical abuse (Henning & Klesges, 2003; Marshall, 1992; Sackett & Saunders, 1999; Street & Arias, 2001), we emphasize the need of a preventive primary intervention. It treats that victims and aggressors break with the stereotypes marked by the genre and learn across the emotional intelligence to establish relations of couple based on the empathy, the dialog, the negotiation, the cooperation and the constructive resolution of conflicts. The analysis of the emotional competitions carried out from the model multifactorial of Baron (1997) helps our thesis on the importance of an integral prevention that involves in his measures both women and males and avoids to incur the deceitful perception of considering the violence to be a problem "women's patrimony" (Bonino, 2000)(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Spouse Abuse/prevention & control , Intelligence , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions , Health Strategies , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Psychotherapy
6.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 11(1): 18-26, ene. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044054

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: El sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen enla actualidad un importante problema de salud pública.En el marco de la Segunda Encuesta Nacional sobre Factoresde Riesgo y Afecciones Crónicas no Transmisiblesde la Población Cubana se llevó a cabo la evaluaciónnutricional mediante indicadores antropométricos.Métodos: Se usó un diseño muestral estratificado y porconglomerados polietápicos. Se encuestaron 22851 individuosde 15 años y más, a los efectos del presenteestudio solo se analiza la población mayor de 19 años.Se realizaron las mediciones del peso, estatura, circunferenciasde cintura y cadera y se calculó el índice de masacorporal y el índice cintura/cadera, la circunferencia dela cintura se utilizó para evaluar el riesgo de obesidadasociado con complicaciones metabólicas. Se presentanlas estimaciones puntuales y por intervalos con unaconfiabilidad del 95%Resultados: El 29,7% de los hombres y el 31,5% de lasmujeres presentan sobrepeso mientras que el 7,95% delos hombres y el 15,4% de las mujeres presentan obesidad,En relación con la distribución de la grasa corporal,aproximadamente la cuarta parte de la población presentaun patrón de adiposidad superior lo que indica unriesgo de asociación con algunas enfermedades crónicas.La distribución de la grasa centralmente incrementadaes más frecuente en aquellos individuos de menor nivelde instrucciónConclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidadencontradas en el presente estudio muestra la magnituddel problema desde el punto de vista de la salud pública.Los resultados indican una disparidad por sexos


Introduction: Overweight and obesity are an importantpublic health issue. As a part of the Second NationalSurvey about risk factors and non-communicable diseaseswe carried out the nutrition assessment using anthropometricindicators.Methods: The analyses use cross-sectional data from anationally representative survey. A total of 22851 subjectsfrom more than 19 years of age were included. Subjectswere measured in the doctor's office by a trained assistant.Weight, height, hips and waist circunference weremeasured. The waist-hip ratio and body mass index werecalculated and were used to assess the risk of obesityassociated to metabolic problems. Estimates and 95%confident intervals are presented.Results: Overweight was present in 29.7% of men and31.5% of women while the prevalence of obesity was7.95% in men and 15.4% in women. In relation to fatdistribution, approximately 25% of the population hasupper fat body segment obesity. Central fat pattern wasmore frequent among low educated people.Conclusions: Based on the analyses presented, it isconcluded that overweight and obesity are a seriousproblem in the country. Results indicated disparity by sex


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Middle Aged , Humans , Health Status , Obesity/epidemiology , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Cuba , Nutritional Status , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Nutrition Surveys , Body Mass Index
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