ABSTRACT
Tics are the most frequent movement disorder in children and they are most prevalent during the school-age years. Most tics are transitory; however, certain tics can be chronic, causing negative repercussions at school, within the family, and socially. In some cases, tics are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other conditions that require diagnosis and prompt treatment. In South America, there are no indexed studies determining the prevalence of tics in school-age children. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of tics in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. From 16 000 students aged 6 to 12 years who were enrolled in first to fifth grade, a sample of 346 school-aged children was chosen via a multistage sampling process that randomized the educational systems in terms of proportional size and the stratification between public and private schools and adjusted for the design effect. The students were screened and those who were positive for tics underwent clinical evaluations and semistructured interviews by the researchers to determine the prevalence of the disease. The parents and teachers of 323 students returned our surveys (93.3%). One hundred thirty-eight students (42.7%) were considered positive for tics based on parents' and teachers' reports. The clinical evaluation established a 17.97% prevalence of tics (58 students), and 25 students (43.2%) also met diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Of the students with tics, 27.6% presented with transitory tics, and 72.4% presented with chronic tics. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome was detected in 11 of the children (3.4%). The average age of child with tics was 9 ± 1.5 years, and the majority of the children with tics attended third grade at a basic primary school. Children from public and private schools were equally likely to present with tics. Tics are noteworthy in our field and are associated with other neurobehavioral disorders, such as ADHD. Both tic disorders and ADHD require diagnosis and prompt treatment to promote social and school performance.
ABSTRACT
Introducción y Objetivo: La enfermedad periodontal es una patología de origen bacteriano con manifestaciones inmunoinfl amatorias que desencadenan pérdida de inserción y soporte deldiente, últimamente se ha encontrado relación de esta con otras enfermedades sistémicas. Según el último Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal en Colombia (ENSAB III 1998), los conocimientos yprácticas de la enfermedad periodontal son más defi cientes que para otras patologías. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre enfermedad periodontal de unadeterminada población, analizando el impacto de una charla educativa y motivacional. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención comunitaria, longitudinal en una muestra de 301trabajadores en diferentes empresas del área metropolitana de Medellín, se ejecuta una encuesta inicial, seguida de una charla educativa y motivacional, se entrega a cada persona encuestada un cepillo y crema dental, posterior a esto se realiza la encuesta inicial a los mismos empleados y así evaluar el impacto que tuvo dicha intervención y el nivel de conocimiento adquirido. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento pasó de 2,38 ± 0,78 a 3,39 ± 0,81 con un aumento del 42,4%. Conclusión: Hubo cambios signifi cativos en el aprendizaje acerca de la enfermedad periodontal.
Introduction and Objetive: Periodontal disease is a pathology of bacterial origin with inmunoinfl amatory manifestations giving rise to loss of insertion and tooth-support. Recently a relationhas been reported between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases. According to the last National Study of Oral Health in Colombia (ENSAB III 1998), knowledge and awareness of periodontal disease and practices is more defi cient than for other pathologies. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the knowledge on periodontal disease of a specifi c population, analyzing the impact of an educational and motivational talk. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study of longitudinal communitarian intervention was carried out in a sample of 301 patients in different companies from the Metropolitan Area of Medellin; an initial survey was completed, followed by an educational and motivational talk and a toothbrush and toothpaste were given to every participant. Afterwards, theinitial survey was carried out to the same employees in order to evaluate the impact the intervention had and the level of acquired. Results: Knowledge increased 42,4% from 2,38 ± 0,78 to 3,39 ± 0,81. Conclusion: Signifi cant changes in learning about periodontal disease was achieved.
