ABSTRACT
The Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is a severe acute viral disease caused by the Junin virus of the Arenaviridae family. The AHF endemic area coincides geographically with the largest grain export agro-industrial complex of the country [Argentina]. Since the implementation of vaccination with the Candid #1 vaccine, a significant reduction in incidence was achieved and risk patterns were modified. A previous study allowed characterizing these changes and identifying three transmission scenarios: classic, emergent-reemergent, and traveler. The latter scenario includes seasonal migrant workers who move each year, mainly from the province of Santiago del Estero, the endemic area to work in the detasseling of maize. With the objective of protecting this group of workers, a prevention campaign was initiated which included: capacity building of health personnel in the province, health education, and immunization with the vaccine Candid #1. 3,021 workers were vaccinated. Prior to vaccination, serum samples were taken from a group of 104 volunteers. Tests for neutralizing antibodies specific to the Junin virus were performed and 6 (5.76%) tested positive. The unexpected finding of a high percentage of workers with antibodies suggests the need to evaluate several hypotheses: a) that the result is the product of non-probabilistic sampling; b) that it could be people who fell ill in previous travels, c) or who were vaccinated in previous travels; or d) consider this region as an emerging scenario.
Subject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases/prevention & control , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/virology , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/prevention & control , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/transmission , Junin virus/immunology , Transients and Migrants , Viral Vaccines , Argentina , Female , Humans , Male , Vaccines, AttenuatedABSTRACT
La fiebre hemorrágica Argentina (FHA) es una enfermedad viral aguda grave causada por el virus Junín, de la familia Arenaviridae. El área endémica de la FHA coincide geográficamente con el mayor complejo agroindustrial cerealero de exportación del Argentina. Desde la implementación de la vacunación con Candid#1, se logró una importante reducción de la incidencia y se modificaron los patrones de riesgo. Un estudio previo permitió caracterizar estos cambios e identificar tres escenarios de transmisión: clásico, emergente-reemergente y viajero. Dentro de este último escenario se incluyen los trabajadores migrantes estacionales que se desplazan cada año, principalmente desde la provincia de Santiago del Estero, al área endémica para trabajar en el despanojado de maíz. Con el objetivo de brindar protección a este grupo de trabajadores se inició una campaña de prevención que incluyó: capacitación de personal de salud de esta provincia, educación para la salud e inmunización con vacuna Candid#1. Se vacunaron 3021 trabajadores. Previo a la vacunación, se tomaron muestras de suero en un grupo de 104 voluntarios. Se realizó la detección de anticuerpos neutralizantes específicos para virus Junín en el total de las mismas y 6 (5,76%) arrojaron resultado positivo. El inesperado hallazgo de un elevado porcentaje de trabajadores con anticuerpos, nos sugiere la necesidad de valorar varias hipótesis: a) que el resultado sea producto de un muestreo no probabilístico; b) que podría tratarse de personas que enfermaron en viajes previos, c) o que se vacunaron en viajes previos; d) considerar esta región como un escenario emergente.
The Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is a severe acute viral disease caused by the Junin virus of the Arenaviridae family. The AHF endemic area coincides geographically with the largest grain export agro-industrial complex of the country [Argentina]. Since the implementation of vaccination with the Candid #1 vaccine, a significant reduction in incidence was achieved and risk patterns were modified. A previous study allowed characterizing these changes and identifying three transmission scenarios: classic, emergent-reemergent, and traveler. The latter scenario includes seasonal migrant workers who move each year, mainly from the province of Santiago del Estero, the endemic area to work in the detasseling of maize. With the objective of protecting this group of workers, a prevention campaign was initiated which included: capacity building of health personnel in the province, health education, and immunization with the vaccine Candid #1. 3,021 workers were vaccinated. Prior to vaccination, serum samples were taken from a group of 104 volunteers. Tests for neutralizing antibodies specific to the Junin virus were performed and 6 (5.76%) tested positive. The unexpected finding of a high percentage of workers with antibodies suggests the need to evaluate several hypotheses: a) that the result is the product of non-probabilistic sampling; b) that it could be people who fell ill in previous travels, c) or who were vaccinated in previous travels; or d) consider this region as an emerging scenario.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Arenavirus , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/prevention & control , Public Health , Junin virus , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is a rodent-borne illness caused by the arenavirus Junin that is endemic to the humid pampas of Argentina. AHF has had significant morbidity since its emergence in the 1950s, with a case-fatality rate of the illness without treatment between 15% and 30%. The use of a live attenuated vaccine has markedly reduced the incidence of AHF. Present specific therapy involves the transfusion of immune plasma in defined doses of neutralizing antibodies during the prodromal phase of illness. However, alternative forms of treatment are called for due to current difficulties in early detection of AHF, related to its decrease in incidence, troubles in maintaining adequate stocks of immune plasma, and the absence of effective therapies for severely ill patients that progress to a neurologic-hemorrhagic phase. Ribavirin might be a substitute for immune plasma, provided that the supply is guaranteed. Immune immunoglobulin or monoclonal antibodies should also be considered. New therapeutic options such as those being developed for systemic inflammatory syndromes should also be valuated in severe forms of AHF.
Subject(s)
Hemorrhagic Fever, American/therapy , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use , Arenaviruses, New World , Argentina/epidemiology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Disease Models, Animal , Double-Blind Method , Guinea Pigs , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/immunology , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/virology , Humans , Immune Sera/administration & dosage , Junin virus , Mice , Rats , Ribavirin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Los huesos antiguos son una buena fuente de ADN, útil en muchos casos para el análisis forense, Los huesos antiguos son una buena fuente de ADN, útil en muchos casos para el análisis forense,El consumo de cocaína en Costa Rica es un problema creciente y muchas de las muertes pueden ser causadas por situaciones en las cuales la droga está involucrada. En este estudio todas las autopsias médico legales hechas en 1996 en este país fueron analizadas con el objeto de determinar la mortalidad y por lo tanto el impacto que ella genera en la sociedad costarricense. Palabras clave: cocaína, drogadicción, muerte súbita
