ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the type of habitation of older adults-with relatives or alone-on their health and well-being. The participants were 352 people over 65 years of age who collaborated with the research on a voluntary basis. The data indicated that those who live with family members have better social integration, well-being and happiness than those who live alone. A multiple regression analysis showed the positive effect of living with relatives on well-being and happiness. However, participation in social activities mitigates the effect of the type of cohabitation explaining better well-being and happiness in the older population. These findings support the idea of designing and implementing intervention policies focused on activities that promote social participation and social interactions to improve well-being and happiness in the older adults.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention program for the promotion of well-being and health in family caregivers. METHODS: The participants were 111 family women caregivers aged between 33 and 75 years old. This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. The mindfulness intervention program lasted 12 weeks. The experimental group underwent mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions (MABIs). The control group performed physical activity training. RESULTS: A cross-lagged panel analysis was computed with the two waves of health, well-being, burden and resilience and age in years and intervention as predictors. The cross-lagged path model fit well χ2 (8) = 7.179, p = 0.51, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.00, comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.00, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.05. The mindfulness intervention program was a significant predictor accounting for decreasing health problems (ß = -0.292, p < 0.01) and burden (ß = -0.190, p < 0.01) and increasing well-being (ß = 0.107, p < 0.05) at post-test. CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness-based intervention programs are effective in coping with the burden of family caregivers and, in turn, in promoting resilience, well-being and health among caregivers. Our findings encourage clinical uses of mindfulness interventions to promote health.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Housing plays an important role in the aging process and health. The house and its nearby environment host most of the daily activities of older adults. Residential satisfaction (RS) has been relegated to physical issues such as accessibility. However, RS is also constituted by older adults' perceptions about housing. This study analyzes the perceived home that develops RS in older adults. METHODS: A random sample of 714 participants aged 50 to 84 (mean = 65; SD = 0.98) were used. Participants lived in ordinary housing in southern Spain. Scales measure perceptions of RS, meaning, functionality and belief of control over the home. RESULTS: Analyses were performed using structural equation models to evaluate the dependence relationships between the different perceptions evaluated. We observe a direct influence of internal control on usability (ß = 0.84) and perceived meanings (ß = 0.49). However, external control shows a negative influence on the meaning of home (ß = -0.14). Perceived usability (ß = 0.68) and meaning (ß = 0.32) positively influence RS. CONCLUSION: Perceptions of meaning, functionality and RS itself depend on internal housing-related control beliefs. Active older adults with higher internal control perceived their home fit better to the need of everyday life and improve RS.
Subject(s)
Aging , Personal Satisfaction , Aged , Housing , Humans , SpainABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is widely used to study decision-making differences between several clinical and healthy populations. Unlike the healthy participants, clinical participants have difficulty choosing between advantageous options, which yield long-term benefits, and disadvantageous options, which give high immediate rewards but lead to negative profits. However, recent studies have found that healthy participants avoid the options with a higher frequency of losses regardless of whether or not they are profitable in the long run. The aim of this study was to control for the confounding effect of the frequency of losses between options to improve the performance of healthy participants on the IGT. METHOD: Eighty healthy participants were randomly assigned to the original IGT or a modified version of the IGT that diminished the gap in the frequency of losses between options. RESULTS: The participants who used the modified IGT version learned to make better decisions based on long-term profit, as indicated by an earlier ability to discriminate good from bad options, and took less time to make their choices. CONCLUSIONS: This research represents an advance in the study of decision making under uncertainty by showing that emotion-based learning is improved by controlling for the loss-frequency bias effect.
Subject(s)
Decision Making , Emotions , Learning , Uncertainty , Adult , Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic , Delay Discounting , Female , Gambling , Games, Experimental , Humans , Male , Random Allocation , Reward , Risk-Taking , Young AdultABSTRACT
En este trabajo se considera a las sectas como un problema de salud pública. Para comprender esta idea es necesario romper con la noción clásica de que su peligrosidad viene dada por su ideología. El problema radica más bien en su organización y en las técnicas que emplean. Vistas desde esta perspectiva son fácilmente abordables por la psicología, ya que ésta posee desarrollos teóricos que nos permiten su estudio (AU)
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