ABSTRACT
Esta investigación que presentamos pretende profundizar en las señales de alarma más frecuentes de los niños y las niñas diagnosticados con TEA, atendiendo a su nivel de desarrollo lingüístico. Para ello, analizamos los resultados obtenidos de una muestra de 142 niños y niñas evaluados en los cinco últimos años en el Servicio de Psicomotricidad de la Universidad de La Laguna. El instrumento utilizado es el ADOS-2 y para realizar el análisis estadístico hacemos uso del SPSS. Las conclusiones obtenidas hacen referencia a la ausencia de lenguaje durante los 3 primeros años de vida y a un aumento del porcentaje de sujetos con lenguaje adquirido a partir de esta edad; al escaso uso de la mirada, poco uso de la expresividad facial y gestualidad limitada en la interacción social; o la falta de respuesta cuando se les llama por su nombre solo en sujetos carentes de lenguaje, como algunas de las características más evidentes en las personas con TEA. En general, las variables en interacción social están más estrechamente relacionadas entre sí que en el resto de los ámbitos evaluados. (AU)
This research aims to deepen the most frequent warning signs of children diagnosed with ASD, taking into account their level of linguistic development. We ana-lyze the results obtained from a sample of 142 children evaluated in the last five years in the Servicio de Psicomotricidad, Universidad de La Laguna. The instrument we use is the ADOS-2, and to perform the statistical analysis, we make use of the SPSS. The conclusions obtained refer to the absence of language during the first 3 years and an increase in the percentage of subjects with language acquired from this age; the limited use of the gaze, little use of facial expressiveness and limited gesture in social interaction; or the lack of response when called by name only in subjects lacking language, such as some of the most obvious characteristics in people with ASD. In general, variables in social interaction are more closely related to each other than in the other evaluated areas. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , LinguisticsABSTRACT
Only a small percentage of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders are diagnosed before they are three years old, although earlier detection and intervention would reduce the disabilities associated with the disorder. In addition, as children get older, treatments are more costly and difficult and the results less satisfactory. Considering the importance of detecting autism early, the objective of this study is to identify the instruments that can be used to detect signs of autism before children are 2 years old, and which of these instruments have been validated in the Spanish population. By searching in several research databases, we compared the existing instruments and their main characteristics. We found that some instruments can be used to assess a possible autism spectrum disorder before children are 2 years old, with acceptable sensitivity, specificity and reliability indexes. However, only a few instruments have been validated for the Spanish population, some of which have not been specifically designed for early detection. For this reason, a tool needs to be developed to detect the warning signs of autism spectrum disorders before the age of 2 which can be applied as part of the protocol for pediatric check-ups
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