ABSTRACT
Transesophageal echocardiographic findings in right atrial infarction are described. In three patients with myocardial infarction of one or both ventricles, the association of right atrial myocardial infarction was suspected because of anatomic (two-dimensional) and hemodynamic (Doppler) alterations obtained from transesophageal images. Transesophageal interrogation may prove widely applicable in the evaluation of patients with suspected right atrial infarction.
Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Female , Heart Atria , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A group of 20 patients with ventriculoatrial shunts placed as surgical treatment for hydrocephalus were evaluated for cardiac lesions, particularly of the tricuspid valve. Patients with histories of septic or thromboembolic events were excluded. In each patient a clinical history, complete physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray film and M-mode, two-dimensional and pulsed continuous wave and color-coded Doppler echocardiography were performed. Eight patients were found to have cardiac abnormalities including tricuspid valve insufficiency, tricuspid stenosis and insufficiency, and the catheter passing through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. These findings demonstrate that tricuspid valvular lesions are frequent in patients with ventriculoatrial shunts, and that periodic echocardiographic evaluation should be performed routinely.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts/adverse effects , Echocardiography , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Tricuspid Valve Stenosis/etiology , Adult , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Heart Atria , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Tricuspid Valve Stenosis/diagnostic imagingSubject(s)
Humans , Aged , Male , Female , Furosemide/therapeutic use , Amiloride/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/therapyABSTRACT
Characteristics of flow through atrioventricular valves were analyzed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) in 7 patients with either constrictive pericarditis or restrictive cardiomyopathy and 10 controls to determine the value of this technique in their differentiation. All patients were admitted with systemic venous congestion and underwent right and left heart catheterization. PDE variables considered included peak flow velocity (PV), acceleration time, peak velocity of the atrial component (PVA), PVA/PV quotient, duration of early diastolic fillings, deceleration of early diastolic filling, duration of diastolic flow and mean temporal velocity. Ventricular filling differed between patients and controls in that the former group was characterized by higher PV's, lower PVA's, higher deceleration and lower PVA/PV quotient. When we compared both patient groups we found a significant tendency toward higher PV's, faster deceleration and lower PVA/PV quotient in constrictive pericarditis.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Doppler , Pericarditis, Constrictive/diagnosis , Adult , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Hemodynamics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pericarditis, Constrictive/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Calcification of the pulmonary valve is a uncommon condition. Non invasive diagnostic methods such as M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography have facilitated the identification of vegetations and calcifications on the pulmonary valve. Very few cases of isolated calcification on the pulmonary valve have been reported; a previous lesion of the valve almost always exists. The purpose of this communication is to report two cases with calcification of pulmonary valves without underlying pathology and to highlight the great utility of echocardiography in diagnosis and follow-up of such cases.
Subject(s)
Calcinosis/diagnosis , Echocardiography , Pulmonary Valve/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
Conventional Doppler techniques have been used for sometime, but are limited by personal skill and experience, as well as by the fact that it can sample only one specific cardiac site at a time. The introduction of color-coded Doppler flow imaging systems allows by using multiple sample volumes an immediate display of intracardiac blood flow, spatially-oriented and super-imposed in two-dimensional echocardiography images, that not only increase temporal resolution, but which integrates anatomic and functional analysis. Likewise, the objective visualization of abnormal jet lesions permits the application of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography with a high veracity for derived pressure gradients. Color-coded Doppler echocardiography emerges as the most promising, simple and non-invasive technique for obtaining confident quantitative information in diverse cardiac pathologic conditions and research.
Subject(s)
Color , Coronary Circulation , Echocardiography/methods , Heart Valve Diseases/physiopathology , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/physiopathology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/physiopathology , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/physiopathology , HumansABSTRACT
Characteristics of color-coded Doppler imaging combined with two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography in six patients with systolic-diastolic murmurs are reported. PDA, congenital absence of pulmonary valve leaflets, ventricular septal defect and aortic regurgitation, two ruptured aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva, and a coronary fistula were identified and findings were corroborated in cardiac catheterization and/or surgery. Color-coded Doppler imaging increases the information of the echocardiographic method in differential diagnosis of these entities by characterizing flow in cardiac chambers more completely and by facilitating detection of associated defects.
Subject(s)
Echocardiography/methods , Heart Auscultation , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Murmurs , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Color , Female , Heart Aneurysm/diagnosis , Heart Rupture/diagnosis , Humans , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , MaleSubject(s)
Leukemia/pathology , Lung/pathology , Lymphoma/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Se revisaron los estudios de necropsia del Archivio del Departamento de Patologia del Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, de enero de 1971 a diciembre de 1980. Se encontraron 103 casos con padecimientos hamatologicos malignos cuyas caracteristicas clinicas se correlacionaron con los hallazgos anatomicos haciendo enfasis en las alteraciones pulmonares desde los puntos de vista clinico y radiologico. De los 103 casos, 63 tuvieron alteracion pulmonar; las entidades responsables mas frecuentes fueron leucemia y linfoma. Los datos clinicos atribuibles a la enfermedad respiratoria fueron poco aparentes y fue raro integrar algun sindrome.De los 63 casos, 24 (38%) tenian telerradiografia de torax normal. Por tanto, la normalidad de esta no elimina al pulmon como el organo responsable del proceso infeccioso. No se observo correlacion entre neutropenia y/o trombocitopenia acentuadas y alteracion pulmonar; en cambio, si la hubo con las aplicaciones de quimioterapia El enfoque diagnostico de un paciente con padecimiento hematologico maligno y alteracion pulmonar debe ser individual y oportuno y en ocasiones debe llegarse a la realizacion de biopsia, que en general se prefiere a "cielo abierto"
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Leukemia , Lung Diseases , LymphomaABSTRACT
Se informa un caso de cetoacidosis alcoholica en el que las determinaciones de glucosa, betahidroxibutirato y cortisol en suero resultaron elevadas. La medicion de hormona del crecimiento fue normal y la de insulina baja relativa al nivel de glucosa correspondiente. Aunque no se observo aumento del lactato, la relacion lactato/piruvato estuvo elevada. El tratamiento fue con bolo unico de 10 u. de insulina regular y liquidos intravenosos glucosados. La curva de tolerancia a la glucosa realizada despues del evento agudo fue normal.Por lo anterior y dentro de ciertos limites, se puede descartar que el sujeto fuera diabetico. Se revisan ademas los conceptos actuales de la fisiopatologia en la cetoacidosis alcoholica
