ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: There is a growing need for scientific studies and tools that allow the evaluation of the effects at an affective level of some non-pharmacological therapies for people with dementia such as the creative therapeutic dance. AIMS: To explore the validity and reliability of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in people with dementia and to analyse the possible differences in the scores of the participants before and after sessions of creative therapeutic dance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: POMS was administered to 36 people with dementia before and after four group sessions of creative therapeutic dance. To verify the construct validity, PANAS and STAXI-2 were also administered. RESULTS: The POMS presented a good internal consistency for each factor and an excellent one for the total scale. The temporal stability was medium-high. Convergent validity results support construct validity. After the creative therapeutic dance sessions, POMS factors tension, depression and confusion were reduced, while vigour increased significantly. There was no effect on fatigue and anger. CONCLUSIONS: The validity and reliability of POMS have been demonstrated in a population with dementia. Creative therapeutic dance can offer emotional benefits for people with dementia.
TITLE: Propiedades psicometricas del Profile of Mood States (POMS) en personas con demencia y su aplicacion en la evaluacion de los efectos de la danza creativa terapeutica.Introduccion. Existe una creciente necesidad de estudios cientificos e instrumentos que permitan evaluar los efectos en el plano afectivo de algunas terapias no farmacologicas para personas con demencia, como la danza creativa terapeutica. Objetivos. Determinar la validez y fiabilidad del Profile of Mood States (POMS) en personas con demencia y analizar las posibles diferencias en las puntuaciones de los participantes antes y despues de sesiones de danza creativa terapeutica. Pacientes y metodos. El POMS se administro a 36 personas con demencia antes y despues de cuatro sesiones grupales de danza creativa terapeutica. Para comprobar la validez de constructo se administraron dos cuestionarios autoinformados (PANAS y STAXI-2). Resultados. El POMS presento una buena consistencia interna para cada factor y excelente para la escala total. La estabilidad temporal fue media-alta. Los resultados de validez convergente apoyan la validez de constructo. Despues de las sesiones de danza creativa terapeutica, los factores tension, depresion y confusion del POMS se redujeron, mientras que el factor vigor aumento significativamente. No hubo ningun efecto sobre la fatiga y la colera. Conclusiones. Se ha demostrado la validez y fiabilidad del POMS en una poblacion con demencia. La danza creativa terapeutica puede ofrecer beneficios emocionales para personas con demencia.
Subject(s)
Affect , Dance Therapy , Dementia/psychology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dementia/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Self Report , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The efficiency of two white-rot fungi (WRF), Trametes versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum, to eliminate thirteen pharmaceutical pollutants with concomitant biodiesel production from the accumulating lipid content after treatment, was examined. The removal efficiency was studied using both individual and combined strains. The results of individual and combined strains showed a total removal (100%) of diclofenac (DCF), gemfibrozil (GFZ), ibuprofen (IBP), progesterone (PGT) and ranitidine (RNT). Lower removals were achieved for 4-acetamidoantipyrin (AAA), clofibric acid (ACF), atenolol (ATN), caffeine (CFN), carbamazepine (CZP), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulpiride (SPD), although the combination of both strains enhanced the system's efficiency, with removals ranging from 15 to 41%. This increase of the removal efficiency when combining both strains was attributed to the interactions developed between them (i.e., competition). Results from enzymatic and cytochrome P450 examination suggested that both extracellular (laccase, MnP, LiP) and intracellular oxidation mechanisms participate in the biological removal of pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, the "green" potential of the fungal sludge generated during the biological removal process was assessed for biodiesel production by means of one-step direct (in-situ) transformation. This process consists of the simultaneous extraction and conversion of lipids contained in the sludge by catalytic esterification/transesterification using a robust acid heterogeneous Zr-SBA-15 catalyst. This catalytic system provided conversions close to 80% of the saponifiable fraction (including free fatty acids and glycerides) in the presence of high amount of impurities. The overall weight FAME yield, based on the initial dried mass, was close to 30% for both strains.
Subject(s)
Biofuels/microbiology , Fungi/metabolism , Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Water Microbiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Biomass , Humans , Water Purification/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivos: para los profesionales sanitarios el trabajar con enfermos terminales supone un gran desgaste psicológico y un peligro para la estabilidad emocional. Durante nuestra formación básica no nos han enseñado a enfrentarnos a la situación terminal y a la muerte. La presencia continua del sufrimiento y la muerte, junto con otros factores, puede conducir a los profesionales a conductas evasivas o a la sobreimplicación con el paciente y familia, pudiendo llegar a sufrir el denominado síndrome de burnout, que no sólo afecta al profesional, sino que también tiene repercusiones en el equipo multidisciplinar y sobre la calidad de los cuidados. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un paciente de 60 años de edad, diagnosticado de cáncer de pulmón, en estadio III, sin familia y con poco amigos que le visiten. A medida que su enfermedad avanza y su estado se deteriora, va conformando el rol del paciente. Conclusiones: la sobreimplicación con el paciente, sobre todo por parte de personal con poca experiencia en cuidados paliativos, llevó a estos a caer en el chantaje emocional, dificultando el cuidado adecuado por parte del resto del equipo. Con la presentación de este caso pretendemos reflexionar sobre nuestros errores para evitar redundar en los mismos. Para evitar sufrir el chantaje emocional por parte de nuestros pacientes o de sus familiares es imprescindible el trabajo en equipo y la comunicación entre sus miembros. Todos los profesionales de la unidad, independientemente de su carácter o forma de ser, deben seguir la misma línea de trabajo para impedir que la presión a la que estamos sometidos en el día adía rompa la cohesión del grupo (AU)
Objectives: for healthcare professionals working with terminally ill persons represents significant psychological stress, and a threat for emotional stability. In their basic education they are not trained to face terminal illness and death. The ongoing presence of suffering and death, along with other factors, can lead professionals to become evasive or over involved with patients and their families, and ultimately develop the so called burnout syndrome, which affects not only professionals but also the team and then quality of care. Clinical case: we report the case of a 60-year-old patient diagnosed with lung cancer, stage III, who had no family and only a few friends. As the disease progressed and his condition deteriorated, his role changed and became manipulative. Conclusions: emotional over involvement, particularly by staff members with little experience in palliative care, led to emotional blackmail, which hampered proper care by the team overall. By reporting this case we invite readers to ponder on such mistakes in order to prevent them on future occasions. To avoid suffering from emotional blackmail by our patients or their family members teamwork and good communication among team members are essential. All professionals in the unit, regardless of their nature or personality, must follow the same line of work to prevent daily pressures from breaking team cohesion (AU)
