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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(supl.1): s21-s26, sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-144116

ABSTRACT

Las unidades de cefaleas surgen ante la necesidad de abordar de forma multidisciplinar el tratamiento de pacientes con dolores de cabeza complejos. A pesar de que las cefaleas son una de las patologías médicas más prevalentes, es llamativa la poca promoción que existe para su desarrollo. Dentro de la organización multidisciplinar, el papel del neurólogo debidamente formado en este campo es crucial. Es la persona encargada de recibir, dirigir, supervisar y coordinar el tratamiento, junto con otras especialidades médicas. Se debe contar con la participación del psiquiatra, del psicólogo y del fisioterapeuta como núcleo básico. Su actuación conjunta y coordinada genera de forma objetiva una mejoría del dolor frente a cada tratamiento de forma aislada (AU)


Headache units have come into being to respond to the need to address the treatment of patients with complex headaches in a multidisciplinary manner. Although headaches are one of the most prevalent medical pathologies, it is surprising how little is being done to foster the development of such units. Within the multidisciplinary organisation, the role of the neurologist with adequate training in this field is essential. He or she is the person responsible for receiving, directing, supervising and coordinating the treatment, together with other medical specialties. The basic core of the team should consist of a psychiatrist, psychologist and physiotherapist. Their joint coordinated action generates an objective improvement in the pain over and beyond that achieved with each isolated treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Migraine Disorders/metabolism , Migraine Disorders/pathology , Hospital Units/classification , Hospital Units/economics , Hospital Administration/economics , Patient-Centered Care/methods , Patient Education as Topic , Health Information Exchange/ethics , Migraine Disorders/complications , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Hospital Units , Hospital Units , Hospital Administration/ethics , Patient-Centered Care/standards , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Health Information Exchange/economics
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(11): 509-514, 1 dic., 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-117581

ABSTRACT

Aunque se sabe razonablemente bien qué sistemas se activan durante la migraña, el porqué se activa el sistema sigue siendo un gran desconocido. Gracias a la integración de hallazgos obtenidos en estudios de dolor en general se genera un modelo más integrador. Según este nuevo modelo, existe un sustrato anatómico constituido por un complejo entramado de dolor que no sólo está formado por el sistema trigeminovascular (vía final) sino por múltiples redes que a su vez están comunicadas entres sí como es el sistema neurolímbico, sistema modulador ascendente y descendente. Esta compleja red es la encargada de modular y vehicular la señal nociceptiva. En pacientes con migraña, la hiperexcitabilidad de este entramado está condicionada por alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas. Los cambios epigenéticos son modificaciones químicas de la cromatina que modula la actividad de los genes sin modificar la secuencia de ADN y que son capaces de modular la expresión de genes involucrados en múltiples aspectos: plasticidad, excitabilidad del sistema, memoria del dolor o estados anímicos. A su vez, la presencia de factores externos (como cambios ambientales o el alcohol) y factores internos (como hormonas o alteración del sueño) contribuye a que este sustrato anatómico que está cargado se active y desemboque en el ataque de migraña (AU)


Although our knowledge of which systems are activated during migraine is reasonably complete, why the system is activated remains unknown. Incorporating the findings obtained in studies on pain in general has allowed a more integrated model to be generated. According to this new model, there is an anatomical substrate consisting in a complex framework of pain that is made up not only of the trigeminovascular system (end pathway) but of a number of networks that are in turn connected to one another, like the neurolimbic, the ascending and descending modulatory system. This complex network is responsible for modulating and conveying nociceptive signals. In patients with migraine, hyperexcitability of this framework is conditioned by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications affecting chromatin, which modulates the activity of genes without modifying the DNA sequence, and which are capable of modulating the expression of genes involved in a number of different aspects, such as plasticity, system excitability, memory of pain or moods. In turn, the presence of external factors (such as environmental changes or alcohol) and internal factors (such as hormones or sleep disorders) contribute to activate this loaded anatomical substrate, resulting in the attack of migraine (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Epigenesis, Genetic , Kindling, Neurologic , Headache/physiopathology , Risk Factors
3.
Rev Neurol ; 57(11): 509-14, 2013 Dec 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24265145

ABSTRACT

Although our knowledge of which systems are activated during migraine is reasonably complete, why the system is activated remains unknown. Incorporating the findings obtained in studies on pain in general has allowed a more integrated model to be generated. According to this new model, there is an anatomical substrate consisting in a complex framework of pain that is made up not only of the trigeminovascular system (end pathway) but of a number of networks that are in turn connected to one another, like the neurolimbic, the ascending and descending modulatory system. This complex network is responsible for modulating and conveying nociceptive signals. In patients with migraine, hyperexcitability of this framework is conditioned by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications affecting chromatin, which modulates the activity of genes without modifying the DNA sequence, and which are capable of modulating the expression of genes involved in a number of different aspects, such as plasticity, system excitability, memory of pain or moods. In turn, the presence of external factors (such as environmental changes or alcohol) and internal factors (such as hormones or sleep disorders) contribute to activate this loaded anatomical substrate, resulting in the attack of migraine.


TITLE: Migraña: la ignicion del cerebro.Aunque se sabe razonablemente bien que sistemas se activan durante la migraña, el porque se activa el sistema sigue siendo un gran desconocido. Gracias a la integracion de hallazgos obtenidos en estudios de dolor en general se genera un modelo mas integrador. Segun este nuevo modelo, existe un sustrato anatomico constituido por un complejo entramado de dolor que no solo esta formado por el sistema trigeminovascular (via final) sino por multiples redes que a su vez estan comunicadas entres si como es el sistema neurolimbico, sistema modulador ascendente y descendente. Esta compleja red es la encargada de modular y vehicular la señal nociceptiva. En pacientes con migraña, la hiperexcitabilidad de este entramado esta condicionada por alteraciones geneticas y epigeneticas. Los cambios epigeneticos son modificaciones quimicas de la cromatina que modula la actividad de los genes sin modificar la secuencia de ADN y que son capaces de modular la expresion de genes involucrados en multiples aspectos: plasticidad, excitabilidad del sistema, memoria del dolor o estados animicos. A su vez, la presencia de factores externos (como cambios ambientales o el alcohol) y factores internos (como hormonas o alteracion del sueño) contribuye a que este sustrato anatomico que esta cargado se active y desemboque en el ataque de migraña.


Subject(s)
Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Chromatin/genetics , Disease Susceptibility , Environmental Exposure , Epigenesis, Genetic , Genetic Association Studies , Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology , Humans , Limbic System/physiopathology , Memory , Migraine Disorders/classification , Migraine Disorders/etiology , Migraine Disorders/genetics , Migraine with Aura/classification , Migraine with Aura/genetics , Models, Neurological , Nerve Net/physiopathology , Neuroimaging , Neuronal Plasticity/genetics , Pain Perception/physiology , Periaqueductal Gray/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(3): 143-151, 1 feb., 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-109729

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos. Conocer en nuestro medio la eficacia, tolerabilidad y satisfacción del paciente migrañoso con diferentes triptanes en función de las características de sus crisis e intentar establecer un modelo predictivo para recomendar uno u otro en función de dichas características. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo observacional multicéntrico en unidades de cefalea. Se incluyen pacientes con migraña que utilizan un mismo triptán para el tratamiento de sus crisis. Se analizan datos de preferencia, eficacia, rapidez y tolerancia. Resultados. Se analizan 160 pacientes (88 mujeres), con una edad media de 42,92 años. Los triptanes más utilizados fueron eletriptán, almotriptán y rizatriptán. Tanto pacientes como médicos mostraron un alto grado de satisfacción (88% y 65%, respectivamente) con el triptán utilizado. En las encuestas de preferencia, los pacientes preferían el triptán actual sobre el previo (83%) o fármacos no específicos (93%). La valoración global en una escala analógica visual estuvo por encima de 7 para todos los triptanes, sin diferencias entre ellos. Al analizar la utilización de un determinado triptán en función de las características de las crisis, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones. En este grupo seleccionado de pacientes, los triptanes son un tratamiento por el que los pacientes muestran un alto grado de satisfacción. Aunque no existen diferencias globales en las puntuaciones entre los diferentes triptanes, el hecho de que determinados triptanes sean más utilizados por los pacientes después de experiencias previas con otros sugiere una mayor eficacia por su parte. No hemos encontrado ningún parámetro que prediga la utilización de un determinado triptán(AU)


Introduction and aims. This study was aimed determining the effectiveness, tolerance and satisfaction of patients with migraine as regards different triptans, according to the characteristics of their attacks. At the same time it sought to establish a predictive model that can be used to recommend one or another, depending on those characteristics. Patients and methods. Retrospective observation-based study conducted in headache units in a number of different centres. Patients included in the study were those with migraine who used the same triptan to treat their attacks. Data concerning preference, effectiveness, speed and tolerance were analysed. Results. The analysis included 160 patients (88 females), with a mean age of 42.92 years. The most commonly used triptans were eletriptan, almotriptan and rizatriptan. Both patients and doctors reported a high degree of satisfaction (88% and 65%) with the triptan that was used. In the surveys on preference, patients preferred their current triptan to the previous one (83%) or to non-specific drugs. The overall score on a visual analogue scale was above 7 for all the triptans, without any differences from one to another. On analysing the use of a particular triptan depending on the characteristics of the attacks, no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions. In this selected group of patients, triptans are a treatment that patients claim to be very satisfied with. Although there are no overall differences in the scores among different triptans, the fact that certain triptans are used more by patients after previous experiences with others suggests that they are more effective. We did not find any parameter that predicts the use of a particular triptan(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Treatment Outcome , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Rev Neurol ; 54 Suppl 2: S13-9, 2012 Apr 10.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22532238

ABSTRACT

Chronic migraine is considered a complication of episodic migraine. Several risk factors, which may be modifiable or non-modifiable, make varying contributions to the progression towards chronification. Every year 2.5% of patients with episodic migraine go on to suffer chronic migraine. Experimental studies point to a dysfunction in the descending pain modulatory system that would facilitate nociceptive afferents, in the absence of damage to tissues, and so chronic migraine would share a pathogenesis that is similar to that of fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome or chronic tension-type headache (conditions that frequently coexist). This paper reviews the risk factors and the scientific evidence of the possible pathogenic mechanisms involved in the progression towards chronification.


Subject(s)
Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Brain/pathology , Brain/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Comorbidity , Fibromyalgia/epidemiology , Fibromyalgia/physiopathology , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Foramen Ovale, Patent/epidemiology , Foramen Ovale, Patent/physiopathology , Headache Disorders, Secondary/epidemiology , Headache Disorders, Secondary/etiology , Humans , Hyperalgesia/epidemiology , Hyperalgesia/physiopathology , Inflammation/epidemiology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Intracranial Embolism/etiology , Intracranial Embolism/physiopathology , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology , Migraine Disorders/epidemiology , Migraine Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/epidemiology , Mood Disorders/physiopathology , Neuroimaging , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Pain Perception , Peptide Hormones/physiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/epidemiology , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
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