[Results of an auditory screening program in preschool children]. / Resultados de un programa de screening auditivo en niños en edad preescolar.

Although important advances have been made in screening for neonatal hearing loss in recent years, there are no extensive studies of other age groups (2 and 3 years). In an audiological study of 284 children of this age using brainstem evoked potentials, we found some degree of deafness in 6.3%, 17% sensorineural and 70% moderate. The large percentage of hearing deficits found in this preschool population suggests that screening programs should be carried out.

[The results and evaluation of septoplasty in an outpatient surgical unit]. / Resultados y evaluación de la septoplastia en la unidad de cirugía sin ingreso.

With this work we intend to appreciate the true value of outcomes of a series of 48 patients operated on septoplasty under general anesthesia in the surgical unit without admission (SUWA) during a 18 months term. We evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications as well the criteria for medical and social selection of candidates. We have verified that septum deviation in association with rhinitis increases the incidence of postoperative complications. Nevertheless, we have confirmed also that septal surgery is a procedure with low rate of complications and seemly good to carry out at surgical unit without admission, provided are strictly followed the criteria for selection of the cases in order to minimize the risks.

[Primary tuberculosis of the lingual tonsil. A case report]. / Tuberculosis primaria en amígdala lingual. A propósito de un caso.

A case of primary tuberculosis of the lingual amygdala is reported. This is a highly unusual location in the head and neck area. This entity can be easily misdiagnosed as a result of confusion with other pathologies.

[Outpatient ENT surgery in a district hospital]. / Cirugía ambulatoria en ORL en un hospital de distrito.

Our experience in out-patient surgery from October 1994 to July 1996 is reported. Patients were selected using anesthesiology criteria (anesthetic risk I or II, psychosocial criteria, operation time less that 1 h 30 min, age > 6 years). One hundred seventy-eight patients underwent surgery: 61 direct suspension laryngoscopy, 50 adenoidectomy, 48 septoplasty, 10 functional endoscopic sinus surgery, 8 myringotomy, and 1 nasal decortication. Fourteen patients (7.86%) required hospital admission. No patients required ENT care in the first 24 hours after release from the Ambulatory Surgery Unit.

[Vascular anomalies presenting as middle ear mass]. / Anomalías vasculares que se presentan como masas del oído medio.

We study several cases of patients who presented clinical symptoms indicating the presence of a middle ear mass (tinnitus, hearing loss, otorrhea, otorrhagia...). We had to rule out the presence of an expanding tumour (either in the form of a cholesteatoma or a glomus tumor) and the existence of vascular anomalies of the middle ear (enlarged jugular bulb or jugular megabulb deformity). Due to the possibility of a different treatment in each particular case (radiotherapy, radical surgery, jugular vein ligation or even no treatment at all), the relative value of various imaging techniques and/or a possible surgical approach before arriving to a conclusive diagnosis, is discussed.

[Paranasal sinus pleomorphic adenoma]. / Adenoma pleomorfo rinosinusal.

Pleomorphic adenomas with atypical facial presentation, specifically, in the nasal sinus region, were studied. A patient who presented with malignant tumor of the nasal sinus was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma after histologic misdiagnosis. The surgical technique and outcome at one year are described.

[Hyaluronidase as a therapeutic alternative in perforated tympanum]. / La hialuronidasa como alternativa al tratamiento de las perforaciones timpánicas.

There are many causes of tympanic perforation but usually only one treatment, surgical. However, many patients cannot or will not undergo surgery. In such cases, treatment with sodium hyaluronidate may be satisfactory. In our group of 20 patients with 21 tympanic perforations who underwent this treatment, 15 evolved favorably. The drawbacks and patient selection are discussed.

[Pediatric laryngeal papillomatosis: our experience (three cases)]. / Papilomatosis laríngea infantil. Nuestra experiencia (tres casos).

Three cases of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis were treated at our hospital between 1984 and 1994. Papillomas were excised in all patients because of upper airway obstruction. Two were given alpha interferon as complementary treatment. Two patients are asymptomatic after years of follow-up and one is still taking alpha interferon.

[Head and neck melanomas: diagnosis and treatment]. / Melanomas de cabeza y cuello: diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Melanomas are rare tumors that are usually lethal. Melanomas of the head and neck represent 15-20% of all malignant melanomas and mucosal melanomas 1-2%. We reviewed every case of melanoma of the head and neck diagnosed in our department in 15 years and analyzed presentation, clinical evolution, diagnosis and treatment. We emphasized early diagnosis.

[The study of deafness in patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy]. / Estudio de la hipoacusia en los pacientes con distrofia facioescapulohumeral.

We studied 40 members of 12 families with FSHD, 23 symptomatic and 17 healthy. Tonal audiometry was done at a 4-year interval. Brainstem evoked potentials were recorded. The auditory function of healthy subjects was normal. Ten patients (25%) had sensorineural deafness, all bilateral; 2 were from one family and 3 from another. The significant incidence of deafness in this series of FSHD (p < 0.05) shows that deafness is an important feature of FSHD. Deafness did not seem to be related with the intensity of muscular symptoms. The pathogenesis of the disorder is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a mechanism of neural degeneration or of immunologic abnormality (Coat's syndrome).

[Osteoma of the middle ear]. / Osteoma del oído medio.

Osteomas of the middle ear are extremely rare. Those of the mastoid process being most frequent encountered als the tympanic sitting. Extracanalicular osteomas of the temporal bone are scarce. Bibliography about this particular subject account for 60 communications, only 9 with reference to the middle ear. The AA. report the case of an osteoma of the left incus in an 17-years-old boy, suffering a progressive deafness dating from 3 years term. The otoscopy showed a reddish mass protruding in the tympanum. TC and MNR provided evidence of a mass involving de auditory ossicula. Through an exploratory tympanotomy could be removed the anomaly. Histopathology make sure the diagnosis of osteoma. The AA. remark some clinical and surgical features of the piece compared with the other 10 cases reported in the literature reviewed.

[Deafness in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta]. / Estudio de la hipoacusia en los pacientes con osteogénesis imperfecta.

This study deals with 8 cases of progressive deafness in patients with abnormalities in growth and skeletal disease, suffering from Osteogenesis imperfecta (5 of them are a familial case). The work is both and audiological and radiological research of the temporal bone, done in order to uncover the reasons of the patient's deafness. This curses just like otosclerosis with a conductive component (fixation of the stapes) and a sensitive one (cochlear demineralization), starting up in adolescence as bilateral and symmetric process. Because of its progressive nature the AA, recommend as treatment the ear prostheses and refuse the surgery of the stapes.

[ENT emergencies in a tertiary hospital. Study of frequency and etiology]. / Urgencias O.R.L. en un hospital terciario: estudio de la frecuencia y etiología.

We have reviewed 19,061 emergencies attended in the ENT Department of our Hospital, over a period of 3 years. And analyzed the aetiologic distribution and the frequency of the cases, finding out the most frequent pathology were the external otitis followed by epistaxis. In the paper are also considered their relation with other parameters such as sex (no differences), age (25-35 years) and seriousness, this latter not being of gravity. Finally, we've studied the amount and degree of appropriteness of the visits attended and found out that near half of the cases could be attended in a less specializated centers.