ABSTRACT
The social vulnerability index (SVI) independently predicts mortality and others adverse outcomes across different populations. There is no evidence that the SVI can predict adverse outcomes in individuals living in countries with high social vulnerability such as Latin America. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the SVI with mortality and disability in Mexican middle-aged and older adults. This is a longitudinal study with a follow-up of 47 months, the Mexican Health and Aging Study, including people over the age of 40 years. A SVI was calculated using 42 items stratified in three categories low (<0.36), medium (0.36-0.47), and high (>0.47) vulnerability. We examined the association of SVI with three-year mortality and incident disability. Cox and logistic regression models were fitted to test these associations. We included 14,217 participants (58.4% women) with a mean age of 63.9 years (±SD 10.1). The mean SVI was of 0.42 (±SD 0.12). Mortality rate at three years was 6% (n = 809) and incident disability was 13.2% (n = 1367). SVI was independently associated with mortality, with a HR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8, p < 0.001) for the highest category of the SVI compared to the lowest. Regarding disability, the OR was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.5, p = 0.026) when comparing the highest and the lowest levels of the SVI. The SVI was independently associated with mortality and disability. Our findings support previous evidence on the SVI and builds on how this association persists even in those individuals with underlying contextual social vulnerability.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to establish the association between beliefs about healthy habits and mortality in a group of Mexican older adults. METHOD: This is an 11-year follow-up secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. RESULTS: There was a significant difference ( p < .001) in survival rate between those participants who believed that healthy habits have the potential to improve health compared with those who did not. After adjustment for confounders, Cox regression models showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.07, 0.38], p < .001) for the group that believed in healthy habits. DISCUSSION: Although the mechanism is not completely clear, according to our results, believing that healthy habits can improve health was associated with lower rates of mortality. Further research should elucidate potential strategies for changing beliefs in older adults with the goal of improving their overall health.
Subject(s)
Aging , Mortality/trends , Risk Reduction Behavior , Aged , Female , Humans , Internal-External Control , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective. To describe the association between collective violence and the health of older adults in Mexico. Methods. The data analyzed were taken from a Mexican population-based national survey of health and nutrition that included a representative sample of adults over 60 years of age and from an index of violence for each of the states of Mexico that was compiled by a major research center. Five of the most common geriatric ailments (weight loss, depressive symptoms, falls, positive affectivity, and disability) were crossed with the violence index score assigned to each state. Results. A total of 7 108 older adults were included in the analysis. Among the five geriatric health problems, weight loss had the strongest association with violence, even when an adjusted model was used. For weight loss, that association increased as the level of collective violence rose. With the adjusted model, there was also an association of severe collective violence with disability and with low positive affectivity. Conclusions. Our results show that there is an association of collective violence with weight loss and other geriatric problems. Collective violence could indirectly affect individuals’ health, especially older persons and other vulnerable groups.
Objetivo. Describir la asociación entre la violencia colectiva y la salud de los adultos mayores en México. Métodos. Los datos analizados se tomaron de una encuesta nacional de salud y nutrición de la población mexicana que incluía una muestra representativa de adultos mayores de 60 años y de un índice de violencia para cada uno de los estados de México, compilado por un importante centro de investigación. Se cruzaron cinco de las dolencias geriátricas más frecuentes (pérdida de peso, síntomas depresivos, caídas, afectividad positiva baja y discapacidad) con la puntuación del índice de violencia de cada estado. Resultados. En el análisis se incluyó un total de 7 108 adultos mayores. De los cinco problemas de salud geriátricos, la pérdida de peso reveló la asociación más fuerte con la violencia, incluso cuando se utilizó un modelo ajustado. Esa asociación aumentaba a medida que se elevaba el nivel de violencia colectiva. Con el modelo ajustado también se observó una asociación de la violencia colectiva grave con la discapacidad y con una afectividad positiva baja. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados indican que existe una asociación entre la violencia colectiva y la pérdida de peso y otros problemas geriátricos. La violencia colectiva podría afectar indirectamente la salud de las personas, especialmente los adultos mayores y las personas de otros grupos vulnerables.
Objetivo. Descrever a associação entre a violência coletiva e a saúde do idoso no México. Métodos. Os dados analisados foram obtidos de um inquérito nacional de base populacional de saúde e nutrição conduzido no México com uma amostra representativa da população adulta acima de 60 anos de idade e com base em estimativas dos índices de violência dos estados mexicanos fornecidas por um grande centro de pesquisa. Cinco problemas geriátricos mais comuns (perda de peso, sintomas depressivos, quedas, afetividade positiva e incapacidade) foram examinados em relação ao índice de violência de cada estado. Resultados. A análise incluiu uma amostra de 7.108 idosos. Dentre os cinco problemas geriátricos, a perda de peso teve a associação mais expressiva com a violência, mesmo após o uso de um modelo ajustado. Esta associação aumentou com o nível de violência coletiva. No modelo ajustado, verificou-se também a associação de alto nível de violência coletiva com incapacidade e baixa afetividade positiva. Conclusões. Este estudo demonstra existir uma associação entre violência coletiva e perda de peso e outros problemas geriátricos. A violência coletiva possivelmente exerceria uma influência indireta na saúde da população, sobretudo de idosos e outros grupos vulneráveis.
Subject(s)
Aging , Violence , Exposure to Violence , Aging , Violence , Exposure to Violence , Health of the Elderly , Mexico , Health of the ElderlyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between collective violence and the health of older adults in Mexico. METHODS: The data analyzed were taken from a Mexican population-based national survey of health and nutrition that included a representative sample of adults over 60 years of age and from an index of violence for each of the states of Mexico that was compiled by a major research center. Five of the most common geriatric ailments (weight loss, depressive symptoms, falls, positive affectivity, and disability) were crossed with the violence index score assigned to each state. RESULTS: A total of 7 108 older adults were included in the analysis. Among the five geriatric health problems, weight loss had the strongest association with violence, even when an adjusted model was used. For weight loss, that association increased as the level of collective violence rose. With the adjusted model, there was also an association of severe collective violence with disability and with low positive affectivity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that there is an association of collective violence with weight loss and other geriatric problems. Collective violence could indirectly affect individuals' health, especially older persons and other vulnerable groups.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To describe the association between collective violence and the health of older adults in Mexico. Methods The data analyzed were taken from a Mexican population-based national survey of health and nutrition that included a representative sample of adults over 60 years of age and from an index of violence for each of the states of Mexico that was compiled by a major research center. Five of the most common geriatric ailments (weight loss, depressive symptoms, falls, positive affectivity, and disability) were crossed with the violence index score assigned to each state. Results A total of 7 108 older adults were included in the analysis. Among the five geriatric health problems, weight loss had the strongest association with violence, even when an adjusted model was used. For weight loss, that association increased as the level of collective violence rose. With the adjusted model, there was also an association of severe collective violence with disability and with low positive affectivity. Conclusions Our results show that there is an association of collective violence with weight loss and other geriatric problems. Collective violence could indirectly affect individuals' health, especially older persons and other vulnerable groups.
RESUMEN Objetivo Describir la asociación entre la violencia colectiva y la salud de los adultos mayores en México. Métodos Los datos analizados se tomaron de una encuesta nacional de salud y nutrición de la población mexicana que incluía una muestra representativa de adultos mayores de 60 años y de un índice de violencia para cada uno de los estados de México, compilado por un importante centro de investigación. Se cruzaron cinco de las dolencias geriátricas más frecuentes (pérdida de peso, síntomas depresivos, caídas, afectividad positiva baja y discapacidad) con la puntuación del índice de violencia de cada estado. Resultados En el análisis se incluyó un total de 7 108 adultos mayores. De los cinco problemas de salud geriátricos, la pérdida de peso reveló la asociación más fuerte con la violencia, incluso cuando se utilizó un modelo ajustado. Esa asociación aumentaba a medida que se elevaba el nivel de violencia colectiva. Con el modelo ajustado también se observó una asociación de la violencia colectiva grave con la discapacidad y con una afectividad positiva baja. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados indican que existe una asociación entre la violencia colectiva y la pérdida de peso y otros problemas geriátricos. La violencia colectiva podría afectar indirectamente la salud de las personas, especialmente los adultos mayores y las personas de otros grupos vulnerables.
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a associação entre a violência coletiva e a saúde do idoso no México. Métodos Os dados analisados foram obtidos de um inquérito nacional de base populacional de saúde e nutrição conduzido no México com uma amostra representativa da população adulta acima de 60 anos de idade e com base em estimativas dos índices de violência dos estados mexicanos fornecidas por um grande centro de pesquisa. Cinco problemas geriátricos mais comuns (perda de peso, sintomas depressivos, quedas, afetividade positiva e incapacidade) foram examinados em relação ao índice de violência de cada estado. Resultados A análise incluiu uma amostra de 7.108 idosos. Dentre os cinco problemas geriátricos, a perda de peso teve a associação mais expressiva com a violência, mesmo após o uso de um modelo ajustado. Esta associação aumentou com o nível de violência coletiva. No modelo ajustado, verificou-se também a associação de alto nível de violência coletiva com incapacidade e baixa afetividade positiva. Conclusões Este estudo demonstra existir uma associação entre violência coletiva e perda de peso e outros problemas geriátricos. A violência coletiva possivelmente exerceria uma influência indireta na saúde da população, sobretudo de idosos e outros grupos vulneráveis.
