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1.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 35(1): 95-95, mar. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1397846

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir la nueva técnica de callosotomía posterior utilizada en cirugía de epilepsia, junto a sus indicaciones, ventajas comparativas y sus resultados. Métodos: se muestran en secuencias de video dos casos de callosotomía posterior, en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria severa, con crisis tipo "drop attacks" (pérdida súbita del tono postural), presentando traumatismos a repetición, con potencial riesgo de vida. Ambos pacientes, una mujer de 35 años y un varón de 24 años de edad, presentaban una malformación congénita del desarrollo cortical denominada doble corteza. Un caso fue operado en posición semisentada, con abordaje parafalcino derecho, el segundo en decúbito ventral, con abordaje parafalcino izquierdo. Se realizó una incisión vertical parasagital de 7cm, a 2 cm de la línea media, con límite inferior en el inion y superior en la unión de la sutura sagital y lambdoidea. Se realizó una craneotomía de 5 x 5cm, exponiendo el seno longitudinal superior. La anatomía venosa de la región permite sin inconvenientes el desplazamiento lateral occipito-parietal. Se realizó una callosotomía que incluyó esplenio y cuerpo llegando anteriormente al sector que une ambas áreas motoras suplementarias. Resultados: no se presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias. El síndrome de desconexión apareció en un caso, desapareciendo en un periodo de 2 semanas. Se obtuvo una reducción del 90% de crisis, mejorando la calidad de vida y otorgando un mayor grado de independencia a ambos pacientes. Conclusión: la callosotomía posterior es un procedimiento seguro, poco invasivo y altamente efectivo contra las crisis de drop attacks en epilepsias refractarias


Objective: to describe the new technique of posterior callosotomy applied to epilepsy surgery, including its indication, comparative advantages and results. Methods: two surgical cases are presented on video sequences, including patients with refractory epilepsy, with "drop attack" type seizures (loss of postural tone), presenting with recurring trauma and a potential life risk. Both patients, a 35 years-old woman and a 24 years-old man suffered from a congenital malformation of cortical development known as double cortex. One of the cases was operated in a semi-sitting position, trough a right parafalcine approach, and the other one in a prone position trough a left parafalcine approach. A 7cm parasagittal vertical incision, 2cm lateral to midline was performed, considering its upper limit at the union of the lambdoid and parasagittal suture, and its lower limit at the inion. A craniotomy of 4 by 4cm was performed, exposing the superior sagittal sinus. The venous regional anatomy allows an easy parieto-occipital lateral retraction. The callosotomy included the splenium and the body reaching anteriorly up to the region where we find both supplementary motor areas. Results: no postoperative complications were found. One case presented with a disconnection syndrome, resolving in 2 weeks. A 90% reduction of the seizure frequency was achieved, improving the quality of life and the degree of Independence of the patients. Conclusions: posterior callosotomy is a safe, less invasive and highly effective procedure against drop attack type seizures in refractory Epilepsy


Subject(s)
Epilepsy , General Surgery , Neurosurgery
2.
World Neurosurg ; 142: 63-67, 2020 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32603863

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The temporal muscle (TM) needs to be dissected and reflected downward in some anterolateral cranial approaches, and failing to preserve its integrity could have severe functional and cosmetic consequences. Most articles focus on techniques to prevent vascular injury during retrograde dissection or techniques to preserve the facial nerve; however, information on how to take care of the muscle during hook retraction is limited. We presented an anatomic study of vascularization of the TM, and we established safe areas for muscular hook retraction. METHODS: We dissected 16 TMs in 8 cadaveric heads. The TM was reflected downward, and we measured the distance between the anterior branch of the posterior deep temporal artery (PDTA) and the frontozygomatic suture and the distance between the posterior branch of the PDTA and the external auditory meatus projection. RESULTS: The average distance between the anterior branch of the PDTA and the frontozygomatic suture was 19.5 mm (range, 14-26 mm). The average distance between the posterior branch of the PDTA and the external auditory canal was 37.1 mm (range, 31-43 mm). We established 2 safe zones for hook placement: an anterior safe zone 14 mm posterior to the frontozygomatic suture and a posterior safe zone 30 mm anterior to the external auditory meatus. CONCLUSIONS: We delimited 2 safe zones for hook placement during TM retraction aiming to avoid direct vascular damage in anterolateral cranial approaches.


Subject(s)
Microsurgery/methods , Surgical Instruments , Temporal Muscle/anatomy & histology , Temporal Muscle/surgery , Cadaver , Ear Canal/anatomy & histology , Ear Canal/pathology , Ear Canal/surgery , Humans , Microsurgery/instrumentation , Temporal Muscle/pathology
3.
World Neurosurg ; 132: e670-e679, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31442654

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The temporal lobe is an important and complex anatomic region of the brain. Accurate knowledge of anatomic relationships becomes extremely relevant when deciding surgical strategy, such as epilepsy or oncologic surgery, involving this lobe. To our knowledge, there is no strong literature highlighting the relationship between white matter tracts and craniometric landmarks applied to temporal lobe surgery. We aim to describe the topographic relationship between the craniometric points and white matter tracts of the temporal lobe through dissection of cadaveric specimens and describe the potential preoperative usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging in relation to the anatomic features found during the dissections. METHODS: Fifteen formalin-fixed whole cadaveric heads were dissected by the Klingler technique in a stepwise manner across the temporal and sphenoid bone windows. The white matter pathways were identified in their different planes and their position was described in relation to craniometric landmarks. Diffusion tensor studies were performed in 2 healthy volunteers to analyze the temporal fasciculi in vivo. RESULTS: We identified the topographic relationships between craniometric points and relevant association tracts that lie within the cranial corridors (superior and inferior frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoidal, and temporal). Important landmarks were defined in correspondence to these different fasciculi. CONCLUSIONS: Through this kind of microsurgical anatomic study, a better understanding of the different anatomic layers of the temporal region might be achieved. This factor is essential in planning adequate surgery and strategies to operate in the temporal lobe, improving surgical results and minimizing functional deficits.


Subject(s)
Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods , Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology , White Matter/anatomy & histology , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Neurosurgery/methods , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Temporal Lobe/diagnostic imaging , White Matter/diagnostic imaging
4.
World Neurosurg ; 129: e23-e34, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31103755

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Through a cadaveric study, we divided the cerebral central core (CCC) into different areas and have proposed a corresponding neurosurgical approach for each sector. As a secondary objective, we analyzed the cortical and subcortical microsurgical anatomy of the CCC. The CCC includes the insula, extreme capsule, claustrum, external capsule, lenticular nucleus, internal capsule, caudate nucleus, and thalamus. METHODS: Twelve adult human brain hemispheres and one cadaveric head specimen were dissected and studied at the Laboratory of Neuroanatomic Microsurgical of the University of Buenos Aires. Nine cases of CCC neurosurgical pathologies were included in the present study and analyzed. Digital drawings were created of the approaches proposed for each sector of the CCC showing the most relevant surgical details. Photographs of each dissection and measurements obtained were taken. RESULTS: We divided the CCC into a medial, intermediate, and lateral sector, with specific subdivisions for the lateral and medial sectors. The lateral projection of the foramen of Monro was found deep to the third short gyri of the insula with the following distances: anterior insular limen margin, 23.95 mm; posterior insular limen margin, 22.92 mm; superior limiting sulcus, 14.99 mm, and inferior limiting sulcus, 13.76 mm. We have proposed the following approaches: an ipsilateral transcallosal approach, a contralateral transcallosal approach, a choroidal transfissure approach, a trans-splenial approach, transparietal access entering the intraparietal sulcus, and trans-sylvian approach. The preoperative imaging studies should be analyzed using our method to select the most accurate and safe approach. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided a description of the limits and anatomy of the CCC using brain dissection, an analysis of operated cases, and useful measurements for the neurosurgeon.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology , Cerebral Cortex/surgery , Microsurgery/methods , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Cadaver , Humans
5.
Epileptic Disord ; 15(1): 62-6, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23531455

ABSTRACT

Atonic seizures are epileptic attacks characterised by a sudden loss or diminution of muscle tone. Structures corresponding to inhibitory cortical areas, such as the primary negative motor area or the supplementary negative motor area, could be responsible. We present findings observed in a patient with atonic seizures due to focal epilepsy, who underwent intracranial video-EEG monitoring and epilepsy surgery, and discuss possible underlying mechanisms. [Published with video sequences].


Subject(s)
Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsies, Partial/physiopathology , Seizures/physiopathology , Adult , Epilepsies, Partial/surgery , Female , Humans , Seizures/surgery , Treatment Outcome
6.
World J Gastrointest Endosc ; 2(6): 235-6, 2010 Jun 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21160940

ABSTRACT

Complications following endoscopic procedures have been rarely reported and spontaneous rupture of a normal spleen is an exceptional complication following a gastroscopy. This paper reports a case of a spontaneous rupture of a normal spleen following a gastroscopy.

7.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 23(1): 9-14, ene.-mar. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-528323

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir los resultados obtenidos con el método de planeamiento neuroquirúrgico informático en un grupo de pacientes con patología intracraneala. Método: se operaron 10 pacientes (7 varones y 3 mujeres, edad media 60,2 años) con lesiones intracranealas (1 absceso, 5 tumores intraxiales y 4 tumores extraxiales). Se obtuvieron imágenes de TAC y/o IRM en formato DICOM, siendo luego procesadas con un software (MRIcro V1.40) generando reconstrucciones tridimensionales de la cabeza de los pacientes. Se definieron áreas de interés intracranealas, proyectándolas hacia la superficie. Se fusionó la reconstrucción con una fotografía del paciente, permitiendo planear el sitio más indicado para la incisión y craneotomía. En las lesiones que no poseían expresión cortical se combinó con la estereotaxia. Resultados: en todos los casos, las incisiones y craneotomías fueron adecuadas para alcanzar los blancos quirúrgicos. Al comparar este método con el estereotáctico, se observó coincidencia en el planeamiento del abordaje. Todos los pacientes evolucionaron sin déficit neurológico postoperatorio nuevo o agregado. Conclusión: el planeamiento neuroquirúrgico informático permitió ubicar adecuadamente las lesiones intracranealas en forma sencilla y con un bajo costo.


Subject(s)
Craniotomy , Neuronavigation , Neurosurgery , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Video-Assisted Surgery , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Planning
8.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 23(1): 9-14, ene.-mar. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-125094

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir los resultados obtenidos con el método de planeamiento neuroquirúrgico informático en un grupo de pacientes con patología intracraneala. Método: se operaron 10 pacientes (7 varones y 3 mujeres, edad media 60,2 años) con lesiones intracranealas (1 absceso, 5 tumores intraxiales y 4 tumores extraxiales). Se obtuvieron imágenes de TAC y/o IRM en formato DICOM, siendo luego procesadas con un software (MRIcro V1.40) generando reconstrucciones tridimensionales de la cabeza de los pacientes. Se definieron áreas de interés intracranealas, proyectándolas hacia la superficie. Se fusionó la reconstrucción con una fotografía del paciente, permitiendo planear el sitio más indicado para la incisión y craneotomía. En las lesiones que no poseían expresión cortical se combinó con la estereotaxia. Resultados: en todos los casos, las incisiones y craneotomías fueron adecuadas para alcanzar los blancos quirúrgicos. Al comparar este método con el estereotáctico, se observó coincidencia en el planeamiento del abordaje. Todos los pacientes evolucionaron sin déficit neurológico postoperatorio nuevo o agregado. Conclusión: el planeamiento neuroquirúrgico informático permitió ubicar adecuadamente las lesiones intracranealas en forma sencilla y con un bajo costo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Video-Assisted Surgery , Neurosurgery , Neuronavigation , Craniotomy , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Planning , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
9.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 20(3): 127-132, jul.-sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-121421

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar los resultados obtenidos en los casos de reoperaciones en patología degenerativa de la columna cervical. Método. Se revisaron restrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 14 casos (6 varones - 8 mujeres / edad media 55,70 años) de repoeraciones cervicales (10 derivados - 4 propios) por patología degenerativa entre los años 2000-2005. La primera cirugía fue: discectomía anterior con injerto autólogo (1 caso) y placa (3 casos), laminoplastía expansiva (5 casos), corpectomía anterior con injerto autólogo y placa (3 casos), laminectomía (1 caso) y microforaminotomía posterior (1 caso). El diagnóstico previo a la segunda cirugía fue: pseudoartrosis (1 caso) y luxación de placa (1 caso), compresión mecánica (10 casos), osteomielitis (1 caso) e inestabilidad (1 caso). Se decidió reoperarlos por estar sintomáticos. En el postoperatorio fueron evaluados con las escalas de Odom o Zeidman-Ducker a los 3 meses. Resultados. Las reoperaciones se realizaron entre 3 y 36 meses después de la primera cirugía: curetaje, injerto y placa (1 caso), recolocación (1 caso) y extracción de placa (1 caso), curetaje y laminectomía (1 caso), osteosíntesis posterior (1 caso), corpectomía (1 caso) y laminoplastía expansiva (8 casos). En 5/6 casos evaluados con la escala de Odom la evolución fue excelente y el 5/8 casos evaluados con la escala de Zeidman-Ducker su mielopatía mejoró 1 grado. Los que no mejoraron fue por la presencia de comorbilidades o daño medular permanente. Conclusión. En los casos de patología cervical degenerativa, la reoperación tuvo buenos resultados evolutivos en el 71 de los casos. Palabras clave: columna cervical, discectomía anterior, laminoplastía expansiva, reoperaciones.(AU)


Objective: To analize the outcome of cervical spine reoperations in cases with degenerative pathology. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 14 cases (6 males - 8 female / median age 55.70 years-old) of cervical spine reoperations (10 referrals - 4 of our own) with degenerative pathology during the years 2000-2005. The first surgery was: anterior discectomy with autologous graft (1 case) and plate (3 cases), expansive laminoplasty (5 cases), anterior corpectomy with autologous graft and plate (3 cases), laminectomy (1 case) and posterior microforaminotomy (1 case). The diagnosis previous to the second surgery was: pseudarthrosis (1 case) and plate luxation (1 case), mechanical compression (10 cases), osteomyelitis (1 case) and instability (1 case). they were reoperated beacause they were symptomatic. Postoperative outcome was evaluated according to Odom or Zeidman-Ducker scales at 3 months. Results: Reoperations were performed between 3 and 36 months after the first surgery: curetage, graft and plate (1 case), replating (1 case) and plate extraction (1 case), curetage and laminectomy (1 case), posterior fixation (1 case), corpectomy (1 case) and expansive laminoplasty (8 cases). In 5/6 cases, evaluated with the Odom scale the outcome was excellent and 5/8 cases evaluated with the Zeidman-Ducker scale mielopathy improved 1 grade. Those who did not improve had co-morbidities or permanent cerival myelopathy. Conclusions: In these cases presented with cervical degenerative pathology, reoperation has a good outcome in 71 of them. Key words: anterior descectomy - cervical spine - expansive laminoplasty - reoperations.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Reoperation/methods
10.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 20(3): 127-132, jul.-sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-119064

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar los resultados obtenidos en los casos de reoperaciones en patología degenerativa de la columna cervical. Método. Se revisaron restrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 14 casos (6 varones - 8 mujeres / edad media 55,70 años) de repoeraciones cervicales (10 derivados - 4 propios) por patología degenerativa entre los años 2000-2005. La primera cirugía fue: discectomía anterior con injerto autólogo (1 caso) y placa (3 casos), laminoplastía expansiva (5 casos), corpectomía anterior con injerto autólogo y placa (3 casos), laminectomía (1 caso) y microforaminotomía posterior (1 caso). El diagnóstico previo a la segunda cirugía fue: pseudoartrosis (1 caso) y luxación de placa (1 caso), compresión mecánica (10 casos), osteomielitis (1 caso) e inestabilidad (1 caso). Se decidió reoperarlos por estar sintomáticos. En el postoperatorio fueron evaluados con las escalas de Odom o Zeidman-Ducker a los 3 meses. Resultados. Las reoperaciones se realizaron entre 3 y 36 meses después de la primera cirugía: curetaje, injerto y placa (1 caso), recolocación (1 caso) y extracción de placa (1 caso), curetaje y laminectomía (1 caso), osteosíntesis posterior (1 caso), corpectomía (1 caso) y laminoplastía expansiva (8 casos). En 5/6 casos evaluados con la escala de Odom la evolución fue excelente y el 5/8 casos evaluados con la escala de Zeidman-Ducker su mielopatía mejoró 1 grado. Los que no mejoraron fue por la presencia de comorbilidades o daño medular permanente. Conclusión. En los casos de patología cervical degenerativa, la reoperación tuvo buenos resultados evolutivos en el 71 de los casos. Palabras clave: columna cervical, discectomía anterior, laminoplastía expansiva, reoperaciones.(AU)


Objective: To analize the outcome of cervical spine reoperations in cases with degenerative pathology. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 14 cases (6 males - 8 female / median age 55.70 years-old) of cervical spine reoperations (10 referrals - 4 of our own) with degenerative pathology during the years 2000-2005. The first surgery was: anterior discectomy with autologous graft (1 case) and plate (3 cases), expansive laminoplasty (5 cases), anterior corpectomy with autologous graft and plate (3 cases), laminectomy (1 case) and posterior microforaminotomy (1 case). The diagnosis previous to the second surgery was: pseudarthrosis (1 case) and plate luxation (1 case), mechanical compression (10 cases), osteomyelitis (1 case) and instability (1 case). they were reoperated beacause they were symptomatic. Postoperative outcome was evaluated according to Odom or Zeidman-Ducker scales at 3 months. Results: Reoperations were performed between 3 and 36 months after the first surgery: curetage, graft and plate (1 case), replating (1 case) and plate extraction (1 case), curetage and laminectomy (1 case), posterior fixation (1 case), corpectomy (1 case) and expansive laminoplasty (8 cases). In 5/6 cases, evaluated with the Odom scale the outcome was excellent and 5/8 cases evaluated with the Zeidman-Ducker scale mielopathy improved 1 grade. Those who did not improve had co-morbidities or permanent cerival myelopathy. Conclusions: In these cases presented with cervical degenerative pathology, reoperation has a good outcome in 71 of them. Key words: anterior descectomy - cervical spine - expansive laminoplasty - reoperations.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Reoperation/methods
11.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 20(3): 127-132, jul.-sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-452894

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar los resultados obtenidos en los casos de reoperaciones en patología degenerativa de la columna cervical. Método. Se revisaron restrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 14 casos (6 varones - 8 mujeres / edad media 55,70 años) de repoeraciones cervicales (10 derivados - 4 propios) por patología degenerativa entre los años 2000-2005. La primera cirugía fue: discectomía anterior con injerto autólogo (1 caso) y placa (3 casos), laminoplastía expansiva (5 casos), corpectomía anterior con injerto autólogo y placa (3 casos), laminectomía (1 caso) y microforaminotomía posterior (1 caso). El diagnóstico previo a la segunda cirugía fue: pseudoartrosis (1 caso) y luxación de placa (1 caso), compresión mecánica (10 casos), osteomielitis (1 caso) e inestabilidad (1 caso). Se decidió reoperarlos por estar sintomáticos. En el postoperatorio fueron evaluados con las escalas de Odom o Zeidman-Ducker a los 3 meses. Resultados. Las reoperaciones se realizaron entre 3 y 36 meses después de la primera cirugía: curetaje, injerto y placa (1 caso), recolocación (1 caso) y extracción de placa (1 caso), curetaje y laminectomía (1 caso), osteosíntesis posterior (1 caso), corpectomía (1 caso) y laminoplastía expansiva (8 casos). En 5/6 casos evaluados con la escala de Odom la evolución fue excelente y el 5/8 casos evaluados con la escala de Zeidman-Ducker su mielopatía mejoró 1 grado. Los que no mejoraron fue por la presencia de comorbilidades o daño medular permanente. Conclusión. En los casos de patología cervical degenerativa, la reoperación tuvo buenos resultados evolutivos en el 71 de los casos. Palabras clave: columna cervical, discectomía anterior, laminoplastía expansiva, reoperaciones.


Objective: To analize the outcome of cervical spine reoperations in cases with degenerative pathology. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 14 cases (6 males - 8 female / median age 55.70 years-old) of cervical spine reoperations (10 referrals - 4 of our own) with degenerative pathology during the years 2000-2005. The first surgery was: anterior discectomy with autologous graft (1 case) and plate (3 cases), expansive laminoplasty (5 cases), anterior corpectomy with autologous graft and plate (3 cases), laminectomy (1 case) and posterior microforaminotomy (1 case). The diagnosis previous to the second surgery was: pseudarthrosis (1 case) and plate luxation (1 case), mechanical compression (10 cases), osteomyelitis (1 case) and instability (1 case). they were reoperated beacause they were symptomatic. Postoperative outcome was evaluated according to Odom or Zeidman-Ducker scales at 3 months. Results: Reoperations were performed between 3 and 36 months after the first surgery: curetage, graft and plate (1 case), replating (1 case) and plate extraction (1 case), curetage and laminectomy (1 case), posterior fixation (1 case), corpectomy (1 case) and expansive laminoplasty (8 cases). In 5/6 cases, evaluated with the Odom scale the outcome was excellent and 5/8 cases evaluated with the Zeidman-Ducker scale mielopathy improved 1 grade. Those who did not improve had co-morbidities or permanent cerival myelopathy. Conclusions: In these cases presented with cervical degenerative pathology, reoperation has a good outcome in 71 of them. Key words: anterior descectomy - cervical spine - expansive laminoplasty - reoperations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Reoperation/methods , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology
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