ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) based on a representative Mexican sample are not available; thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of IFG and IGT, and to establish its relationship with obesity in Mexican adults. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional population-based study on a representative sample of Mexican adults aged 30 to 65 years. Anthropometric measurements of obesity that included waist circumference (WC) and total body fat percentage were collected and the body mass index calculated. All subjects also underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Diagnosis of glucose metabolism disorders was based on criteria of the American Diabetes Association. RESULTS: Prevalence of IFG, IGT, and IFG+IGT was 24.6%, 8.3%, and 10.3%, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of IFG (49.5% and 50.5%), IGT (49.1% and 50.9%), and IFG+IGT (57.3% and 42.7%) was similar in men and women. Prevalence of obesity was 45.9% with predominance in women (48.8% versus 42.1%, P = 0.01). A total of 394 (31.0%) individuals were overweight. Among the 550 prediabetic normal weight subjects, 70 (22.4%), 15 (14.2%), and 7 (5.3%) had IFG, IGT, or IFG+IGT. The odds ratio (OR) between WC and IFG (OR 3.1, CI(95%) 1.4-9.7), IGT (OR 3.2, CI(95%) 1.2-9.1), and IFG+IGT (OR 2.8, CI(95%) 1.3-8.2) was higher than the OR of other measurements of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of prediabetes in the Mexican adult population is high. WC is the measure of obesity more strongly associated with metabolic glucose disorders. A high proportion of subjects with normal weight exhibit prediabetes.
Subject(s)
Obesity/complications , Prediabetic State/etiology , Adult , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Demography , Fasting/blood , Female , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Obesity/blood , Obesity/epidemiology , Prediabetic State/blood , Prediabetic State/epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are influenced by behavioral, cultural, and social factors, suggesting that acculturation plays a significant role in the emergency and growth of chronic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between CV risk factors and the main components of acculturation, in Yaquis and Tepehuanos Indians from Mexico. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study in Yaquis and Tepehuanos communities from the Yaqui Valley in Sonora and the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains in Durango, in northwest Mexico. Acculturation status is different in both ethnic groups, with Tepehuanos living in small and remote communities retaining their traditional lifestyle and Yaquis living in well-communicated communities that have assumed Westernized lifestyles. RESULTS: A total of 278 indigenous (120 Tepehuanos and 158 Yaquis) were randomly enrolled. Prevalence of obesity (48.1 and 6.7%, p <0.001), diabetes (18.3 and 0.83%, p <0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (43.0 and 15.0%, p <0.001), alcohol consumption (46.8 and 26.6%, p >0.001), and smoking (29.7 and 15.0%, p = 0.006) were significantly higher in Yaquis Indians. High blood pressure (6.3 and 3.3%, p = 0.40) and low HDL-cholesterol (42.4 and 34.2%, p = 0.22) were similar between Yaquis and Tepehuanos. Multivariate regression analysis adjusted by sex and age showed a significant association between calorie intake from saturated fat, but not other nutrients of customary diet, with hyperglycemia (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.6-20.1), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.3), and obesity (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-10.1). CONCLUSIONS: Among the components of acculturation, intake of saturated fat is the most strongly associated with the development of CV risk factors.
