ABSTRACT
We introduce a lexical resource for preprocessing social media data. We show that a neural network-based feature representation is enhanced by using this resource. We conducted experiments on the PAN 2015 and PAN 2016 author profiling corpora and obtained better results when performing the data preprocessing using the developed lexical resource. The resource includes dictionaries of slang words, contractions, abbreviations, and emoticons commonly used in social media. Each of the dictionaries was built for the English, Spanish, Dutch, and Italian languages. The resource is freely available.
Subject(s)
Authorship , Concept Formation/physiology , Language , Neural Networks, Computer , Semantics , Social Media , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Data Mining , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sex Factors , Terminology as Topic , Time Factors , Vocabulary , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Blunt traumatic abdominal aortic injury (BTAAI) is a rare lesion, often associated with extensive intraperitoneal injuries. Optimal management remains unclear, including the role of prosthetic aortic graft replacement with concomitant bowel injury and the management of small pseudoaneurysms. METHODS: We reviewed BTAAI cases occurring between 2000 and 2014. Thoracic and isolated iliac artery injuries were excluded. We included patient demographics, mechanism of injury, admission physiology, and reviewed available imaging to characterize aortic injury type and severity. RESULTS: BTAAI was noted in 16 of 8,751 (0.2%) blunt abdominal trauma patients admitted during the study period. Of these, 56% were males and the median age was 47 years (range, 5-80). Aortic repair was attempted in 7 patients, including 3 open prosthetic aortobi-iliac bypass grafts, 1 endovascular repair, and 2 primary repairs. One patient died before repair. The remaining patients were medically managed for their aortic injury, including 3 with pseudoaneurysm and 3 with large intimal flaps. There were 5 in-hospital deaths (31%) but only 1 attributed to aortic injury. Among patients surviving to discharge, there were no readmissions or delayed deaths. All nonoperative and surgically repaired patients seen in follow-up had stable aortic lesions. No patient with graft or endograft repair had evidence of graft infection on follow-up (median, 52 months; range, 21-121). CONCLUSIONS: BTAAI is a rare entity and is associated with high in-hospital mortality, primarily due to associated injuries. Observation of selected small pseudoaneurysms and intimal flaps appear safe. Survival after hospital discharge is excellent, and aortic-related complications are rare. The indications for repair and the role of revascularization with in situ prosthetic graft in the setting of concomitant bowel injuries are not well defined.
Subject(s)
Aorta, Abdominal/injuries , Vascular System Injuries/therapy , Watchful Waiting , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Child , Child, Preschool , Endovascular Procedures , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare acquired-disease which courses asymptomatic in most cases. In spite of the fact that there are some publications of this entity in pediatric patients, most symptomatic cases have been found in adults. Reported herein is the case of a patient that presented to the emergency room with signs and symptoms suggestive of an acute abdomen. After diagnostic workup and operative management, presence and complications of a jejunal diverticulum were found to be the cause of the abdominal pain.
Subject(s)
Abdomen, Acute/etiology , Diverticulitis/complications , Jejunal Diseases/complications , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to jejunal angiodysplasia is uncommon. Diagnostic approach is difficult and represents a challenge for the surgeon because of the inaccessibility of the small bowel for evaluation. When the diagnostic work-up has been completed and the bleeding source has not been found, it is mandatory to perform a surgical exploration with transoperative enteroscopy in order to locate the source of the hemorrhage and for further treatment. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 24-year-old male with massive gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to jejunal angiodysplasia in whom an intraoperative enteroscopy was done to locate the source of bleeding and subsequently resect the affected small bowel. There are actually some non-surgical therapies for patients with high risk of complications. When patients' conditions are optimal, surgical resection is mandatory to avoid recurrence of future bleeding.
Subject(s)
Angiodysplasia/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Jejunal Diseases/complications , Angiodysplasia/surgery , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgery , Humans , Jejunal Diseases/surgery , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to jejunal angiodysplasia is uncommon. Diagnostic approach is difficult and represents a challenge for the surgeon because of the inaccessibility of the small bowel for evaluation. When the diagnostic work-up has been completed and the bleeding source has not been found, it is mandatory to perform a surgical exploration with transoperative enteroscopy in order to locate the source of the hemorrhage and for further treatment. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 24-year-old male with massive gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to jejunal angiodysplasia in whom an intraoperative enteroscopy was done to locate the source of bleeding and subsequently resect the affected small bowel. There are actually some non-surgical therapies for patients with high risk of complications. When patients' conditions are optimal, surgical resection is mandatory to avoid recurrence of future bleeding.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Angiodysplasia/complications , Jejunal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Angiodysplasia/surgery , Jejunal Diseases/surgery , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: splenectomy has been elected surgical procedure for multiple hematologic diseases, specially for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of splenectomies in two different periods of time and to show decrease tendency during the most recent years. METHODS: it was a retrospectively reviewed study from medical records of patients who underwent splenectomy at the Hospital de Especialidades Siglo XXI, between 1986 to 1990 and 1995 to 1999. RESULTS: during the first period of time, the incidence of splenectomies for hospital admissions was 0.52%, and in the second 0.19%. CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of splenectomies performed at the Hospital de Especialidades Siglo XXI decreased in the second period of time, probably because there are new available treatments for hematologic diseases.
Subject(s)
Splenectomy/statistics & numerical data , Splenic Diseases/surgery , Humans , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The relationship between the morphology and virulence of Candida albicans has aroused interest in the study of the proteins involved in its morphogenesis. We present virulence data for one important element in fungal morphogenesis-septins. We disrupted CaCDC10 and studied the virulence in a mouse infection model and the different steps followed by the fungus during the infection: adherence to epithelial cells, organ colonisation, macrophage phagocytosis, and host survival. We found the altered subcellular localisation of Int1--a C. albicans adhesin- in the septin null mutants. The Int1 mislocalisation and the defects in the cell wall of defective CaCdc10 strains permit us to propose a model for explaining the biological meaning of the absence of virulence presented by these septin mutants.
Subject(s)
Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology , Alleles , Animals , Candida albicans/genetics , Candidiasis/immunology , Candidiasis/metabolism , Candidiasis/microbiology , Cell Adhesion/physiology , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , GTP Phosphohydrolases , HeLa Cells , Humans , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred DBA , Phenotype , Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins , Septins , Transcription Factors , VirulenceABSTRACT
At the latest stages of their cell cycle, cells carry out crucial processes for the correct segregation of their genetic and cytoplasmic material. In this work, we provide evidence demonstrating that the cell cycle arrest of some MEN (mitosis exit network) mutants in the anaphase-telophase transition is bypassed. In addition, the ability of cdc15 diploid mutant strains to develop non-septated chains of cells, supported by nuclear division, is shown. This phenotype is also displayed by haploid cdc15 mutant strains when cell lysis is prevented by osmotic protection, and shared by other MEN mutants. By contrast, anaphase-telophase arrest is strictly observed in double MEN-FEAR (fourteen early anaphase release) mutants. In this context, the overexpression of a FEAR component, SPO12, in a MEN mutant background enhances the ability of MEN mutants to bypass cell cycle arrest. Taken together, these data suggest a critical role of Cdc15 and other MEN proteins in cytokinesis, allowing a new model for their cellular function to be proposed.
Subject(s)
Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology , Cytokinesis/physiology , GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology , Mitosis/physiology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/physiology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Cytokinesis/genetics , Diploidy , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics , Haploidy , Mitosis/genetics , Mutation , Nuclear Proteins , Osmotic Pressure , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
At the latest stages of their cell cycle, cells carry out crucial processes for the correct segregation of their genetic and cytoplasmic material. In this work, we provide evidence demonstrating that the cell cycle arrest of some MEN (mitosis exit network) mutants in the anaphase-telophase transition is bypassed. In addition, the ability of cdc15 diploid mutant strains to develop non-septated chains of cells, supported by nuclear division, is shown. This phenotype is also displayed by haploid cdc15 mutant strains when cellysis is prevented by osmotic protection, and shared by other MEN mutants. By contrast, anaphase-telophase arrest is strictly observed in double MEN-FEAR (fourteen early anaphase release) mutants. In this context, the overexpression of a FEAR component, SPO12, in a MEN mutant background enhances the ability of MEN mutants to bypass cell cycle arrest. Taken together, these data suggest a critical role of Cdc15 and other MEN proteins in cytokinesis, allowing a new model for their cellular function to be proposed (AU)
En las últimas etapas de su ciclo celular, las células llevan a cabo procesos cruciales para la segregación correcta del material genético y citoplásmico. Es un tema de investigación de gran actualidad. En este trabajo aportamos pruebas que demuestran que en algunos mutantes MEN («mitosis exit network») el ciclo celular no se detiene en la transicionan a fase-telofase. Además, se demuestra la capacidad de las cepas mutantes diploides cdc15 para desarrollar cadenas de células no septadas acompañadas por división nuclear. También muestran ese fenotipo las cepas mutantes haploides cdc15 cuando se impide la lisis celular mediante protección osmótica y lo comparten con otros mutantes MEN. En cambio, la detención en la transición anafase-telofase se observa siempre en los mutantes dobles MEN-FEAR («fourteen early anaphase release»). En este contexto, la sobrexpresión de un componente FEAR, SPO12, en un fondo MEN mutante aumenta la capacidad de los mutantes MEN para soslayar la detención del ciclo celular. En conjunto, esos datos indican que la proteína Cdc15 y otras proteínas MEN deben de desempeñar un papel crucial en la citocinesis, lo que permite proponer un nuevo modelo de su función en la célula (AU)
Subject(s)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Mitosis/genetics , Genes, cdc/physiology , Cell Division/genetics , Cytoplasm/genetics , Anaphase/genetics , Telophase/geneticsABSTRACT
The morphogenetic program in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, including the dimorphic transition, is an interesting field of study, not only because it is absent in the commonly used model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but because of the close relationship between hyphal development and virulence of C. albicans. We studied one of the most important aspects of fungal morphogenesis--the septin ring--in C. albicans. By using a fusion construct to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the subcellular localization and dynamics of C. albicans Cdc10 in the different morphologies that this fungus is able to adopt was identified. The localization features reached were contrasted and compared with the results obtained from Candida cells directly extracted from an animal infection model under environmental conditions as similar as possible to the physiological conditions encountered by C. albicans during host infection.
Subject(s)
Candida albicans/chemistry , Candidiasis/microbiology , Cell Cycle Proteins/analysis , Fungal Proteins/analysis , Animals , Candida albicans/cytology , Candida albicans/metabolism , Cell Cycle , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Fungal Proteins/genetics , GTP Phosphohydrolases , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Hyphae/growth & development , Luminescent Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred DBA , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Morphogenesis/physiology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins , Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins , Septins , Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
The morphogenetic program in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, including the dimorphic transition, is an interesting field of study, not only because it is absent in the commonly used model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but because of the close relationship between hyphal development and virulence of C. albicans. We studied one of the most important aspects of fungal morphogenesis-the septin ring-in C. albicans. By using a fusion construct to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the subcellular localization and dynamics of C. albicans Cdc10 in the different morphologies that this fungus is able to adopt was identified. The localization features reached were contrasted and compared with the results obtained from Candida cells directly extracted from an animal infection model under environmental conditions as similar as possible to the physiological conditions encountered by C. albicans during host infection (AU)
La morfogénesis del hongo patógeno Candida albicans, incluyendo el fenómeno de transición dimórfica, es un interesante campo de estudio, no sólo por estar ausente en Saccharomyces cerevisiae, que es el modelo habitual de levadura en los estudios morfogenéticos, sino por la correlación existente entre virulencia y filamentación en C. albicans. Este trabajo describe el estudio de uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la morfogénesis fúngica, el anillo de septinas, en C. albicans. Usando el método de fusión con la proteína verde fluorescente (GFP), se identificó la localización subcelular y la dinámica de la septina Cdc10 de Candida albicans en las diferentes formas que puede adoptar este hongo. Los datos obtenidos se compararon y contrastaron con los logrados al extraer las células de Candida directamente de ratones previamente infectados con dicho hongo, en condiciones ambientales lo más parecidas posible a las condiciones fisiológicas que Candida encuentra al infectar un huésped (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Septins/analysis , Candidemia/microbiology , Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology , Cells, Cultured/microbiology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/pathogenicity , Virulence FactorsABSTRACT
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