ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Loxoscelism is a condition caused by the inoculation of a series of proteolytic enzymes through the loxosceles spider bite (violinist). Morbidity and mortality is unknown in our country. The loxoscelism toxi-syndrome of local expression may have a good prognosis; however, viscera-cutaneus or systemic form has a serious and often fatal evolution. We report a case of a systemic variant developed in a pregnant patient. CLINICAL CASE: We present the first reported case of systemic loxoscelism in a pregnant patient, highlighting the survival of the mother-son, in the presence of viscera-cutaneus behavior. We describe the natural history of clinical expression, highlighting the benefit of current therapeutic antivenom fourth generation and immunoregulation role in supporting the therapeutic approach and the guideline of the surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: The appropriate multidisciplinary management coupled with an early use of antivenom limits the severity and the potential development of complications. Clinical suspicion is the cornerstone of therapeutic management of these patients.
INTRODUCCIÓN: el loxoscelismo se debe a la inoculación de un conjunto de enzimas proteolíticas por la mordedura de la araña Loxosceles. Puede tener una expresión local, sin embargo, la forma viscerocutánea o sistémica tiene una evolución grave. Se presenta el primer caso de la variante sistémica en una mujer embarazada. CASO CLÍNICO: mujer con embarazo normoevolutivo de 28 semanas. Después de estar expuesta a un ambiente semirrural, presentó placa plana eritematosa en el glúteo derecho, con aumento de la temperatura e hiperestesia local. Fue hospitalizada para administrarle antibióticos parenterales, por considerarse que se trataba de la picadura de un insecto. A las cuatro horas se incrementó el dolor y la paciente desarrolló deshidratación e hipotensión severas hasta llegar al choque, por lo que se inició tratamiento con cristaloides, aminas vasopresoras y protección de la vía aérea. Se realizó operación cesárea, de la que se obtuvo un niño, y se efectuó desbridación en el glúteo derecho. El diagnóstico fue loxoscelismo sistémico, por lo que se administró el antiveneno específico. La paciente fue egresada a los dos meses. CONCLUSIONES: el manejo multidisciplinario oportuno, aunado al empleo del antiveneno, limitó la severidad y el desarrollo potencial de complicaciones. La sospecha clínica es la piedra angular del tratamiento en estos pacientes.
Subject(s)
Brown Recluse Spider , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Spider Bites/diagnosis , Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Spider Bites/therapyABSTRACT
Mythic, out-dated, ambiguous and sometimes iatrogenic procedures, still remain in pre-hospital and hospital ophidian accident treatment. Errors, omissions and ignorance make ophidian accidents appear more dangerous than they truly are, resulting in a general public contempt toward snakes. Here we present an updated review of current knowledge on pre-hospital and hospital treatment of ophidian bite incidents, including indications, recommendations and logic errors. We describe an appropriate treatment for native Mexican poisonous snakebites using fabotherapics, based on our experience. Adequate initial pre-hospital and hospital management is crucial for a successful outcome of this medical emergency. We describe the state of the art in snake bite research discussing those procedures where research is needed to implement them either by the patient, first responders, paramedics and doctors. We suggest proposals to achieve even more efficient management of fabotherapics based on support networks. Finally, we emphasize prevention as the main subject of venom bite treatment, as it is always more adequate and economic to invest in prevention than to spend on mitigation during emergency and recovery.
