ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate iodine intake in portuguese school children in order to inform health authorities of eventual measures to be implemented. INTRODUCTION: Iodine is the key element for thyroid hormone synthesis and its deficiency even mild, as found in other European countries, may have deleterious effects in pregnancy resulting in cognitive problems of offsprings. In Portugal there are no recent data on iodine intake in schoolchildren. POPULATION AND METHODS: 3680 children aged 6-12 years of both sexes, from 78 different schools were studied. Iodine intake was evaluated trough urine iodine (UI) determinations using a colorimetic method. RESULTS: The global median UI value was 105.5 µg/L; the percentage of children with UI <100 µg/L was 47.1%, corresponding to 41% of the studied schools. The percentage of values <50 µg/L was 11.8%. The male gender, the south region of the country and the distribution of milk in school were significantly linked with a higher iodine elimination. DISCUSSION: Our global results point to a borderline/ mildly insufficient iodine intake in the portuguese school population. However 47% of the children had UI under 100 µg /L. The comparison of our results with the available data from 30 years ago, point to a considerable improvement, due to silent prophylaxis. Male gender, geographical area and milk distribution influenced positively iodine intake.The importance of milk has been referred in numerous papers. CONCLUSIONS: The study of UI in the Portuguese school population points to a borderline iodine intake. However, in 47% of children iodine intake was inadequate. Compared with data from the eighties, a considerable increase in iodine elimination was found. Taking into account the potencial deleterious effects of inadequate iodine intake, a global prophylaxis with salt iodization has to be considered.
Subject(s)
Iodine/urine , Child , Female , Humans , Iodine/administration & dosage , Iodine/deficiency , Male , PortugalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization estimates that in 2015 there will be approximately 2.3 billion overweight adults and more than 700 million obese individuals worldwide. Excess weight can lead to several complications, such degenerative diseases. AIM: To estimate the frequency and local of musculoskeletal pain in the lower limbs before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study consisting of 22 obese individuals who filled in questionnaires before and six months after undergoing bariatric surgery. Data were shown through a descriptive analysis. The statistical analysis was performed with significance level at 5%. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal pain in the lower limbs was placed preoperatively in 87.5% in the ankle and foot, knee 80% and 91.7% in the hip. Postoperative pain remained present in 12.5% in the ankle and foot, knee 20% and 8.3% in the hip, with statistical significance (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Obese people who underwent bariatric surgery experienced a marked reduction in both frequency and intensity of musculoskeletal pain located in order in the hip, ankle and foot, and knee.
Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Leg , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Musculoskeletal Pain/etiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/surgery , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
RACIONAL: A Organização Mundial da Saúde calcula que em 2015 haverá aproximadamente 2,3 bilhões de adultos com sobrepeso e mais de 700 milhões com obesidade no mundo. O excesso de peso pode levar a inúmeras complicações, dentre elas as doenças articulares degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Estimar a frequência e local da dor músculoesquelética em membros inferiores antes e depois da cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, composto por 22 indivíduos obesos que preencheram questionários antes e seis meses depois de submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Os dados foram expressos através de uma análise descritiva e avaliados estatiscamente com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A dor foi referida pelos pacientes no pré-operatório em 87,5% no tornozelo e pé, 80% em joelho e 91,7% no quadril. No pós-operatório ela diminuiu para 12,5% no tornozelo e pé, 20% no joelho e 8,3% no quadril atingindo significância estatística (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica apresentaram acentuada redução tanto na frequência quanto na intensidade das dores músculoesqueléticas localizadas em ordem no quadril, tornozelo e pé e joelho.
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization estimates that in 2015 there will be approximately 2.3 billion overweight adults and more than 700 million obese individuals worldwide. Excess weight can lead to several complications, such degenerative diseases. AIM: To estimate the frequency and local of musculoskeletal pain in the lower limbs before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study consisting of 22 obese individuals who filled in questionnaires before and six months after undergoing bariatric surgery. Data were shown through a descriptive analysis. The statistical analysis was performed with significance level at 5%. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal pain in the lower limbs was placed preoperatively in 87.5% in the ankle and foot, knee 80% and 91.7% in the hip. Postoperative pain remained present in 12.5% in the ankle and foot, knee 20% and 8.3% in the hip, with statistical significance (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Obese people who underwent bariatric surgery experienced a marked reduction in both frequency and intensity of musculoskeletal pain located in order in the hip, ankle and foot, and knee.
