[Update on toxoplasmosis prevalence based on serological tests in pregnant women in Dakar, Senegal from 2002 to 2006]. / Evolution de la séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte a Dakar, Sènegal de 2002 a 2006.

The purpose of this study was to update data on toxoplasmosis antibody prevalence based on antenatal surveillance tests in pregnant women in Dakar, Senegal. The study population consisted of 941 pregnant women referred for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology at Le Dantec University Hospital Center from 2002 to 2006. Two tests using the solid-phase immunoenzymatic method were performed on venous blood samples collected at 3 weeks of interval (S1 and S2). This double testing technique was designed to detect increases in IgM and IgG antibody levels in order to confirm diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by ruling out immune response, acquired immunity or nonspecific antibody fixation. Comparison of S1 and S2 results in the 941 patients indicated a prevalence of 7.7% and 0% respectively for IgM+IgG- cases, 23.3% and 24.3% respectively for IgM+IgG-cases, and 11.3% and 10.2% respectively for IgM+IgG+ cases. The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis antibodies was 34.5%. These data showing a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Dakar underscore the need to improve serological screening and follow up.

[Disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii in Senegal. A case in HIV-infected patient]. / Histoplasmose disséminée àHistoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii au Sénégal. À propos d'un cas chez un patient VIH positif.

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis, a disease due to Histoplasma capsulatum, is an invasive opportunistic fungal infection, endemic in Africa. So, the occurrence of african histoplasmosis associated with HIV infection has been rarely reported despite the high prevalence of both pathogens in this area. We report the first case of disseminated african histoplasmosis in an HIV-infected Senegalese patient. OBSERVATION: A patient, 50-year-old has been admitted for umbilicate, necrotic and disseminated papulonodular lesions with oral infection, fever and reduction of total body mass. HIV1 test was positive, and CD4 count was 4/mm(3). Direct examination of ulcerated lesions shown extracellular, large, doubly contoured yeasts. After culture, we obtain brownish colonies, septate hyphae, echinulated chlamydospores characteristic of Histoplasma. Cutaneous biopsy revealed polymorphous granulomatous infiltrate, giant cells containing numerous large, doubly contoured, thick-wall yeast-bodies characteristic of H. capsulatum var. duboisii. DISCUSSION: The association AIDS and histoplasmosis frequency is probably underestimated because the difficult diagnosis and the ignorance of the medical staff.

[Mycetomas diagnosed in Senegal from 2008 to 2010]. / Mycétomes diagnostiqués au Sénégal de 2008 à 2010.

INTRODUCTION: Mycetomas are inflammatory pseudotumours of subcutaneous and possibly osseous soft fabrics, generally polyfistulas with chronic mode of evolution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was carried out at the laboratory of parasitology and mycology of Le Dantec hospital in Dakar, Senegal, including 113 patients, from june 2008 to july 2010. RESULTS: Patients were from different regions in Senegal and in neighborhood countries, referred to the laboratory for mycetoma diagnosis. Among the 250 patients referred, 113 were positives after direct observation and culture corresponding to 45.2% index of infestation. The age range varies between 13 to 73years with an average age of 33.9years. The age bracket ranging between 20-39years is more infected (27.34%), followed by 40-59years (25.2%), 60years and more (4.5%), 30-39years (16.64%), 13-19years (7.2%). The infection sex rate were, male: 79.6% and female: 20.4%. Infection prevalence profession dependant was found mainly in farmers and breeders with respectively: 48.7%, and 42.5%. The foot infestation is most represented with 72.5%, then leg (12.3%), knee (7.1%), scalp (2.7%), hand (1.8%). The other localizations are found with less than 1%: back, thigh, chest and ganglion inguinal. According to mycetoma agents, fungy are represented than mycetomas actinomycosic with respectively 70% and 30%. The species found were: Madurella mycetomatis (53.1%), Actinomadura pelletieri (23%), Leptosphaeria senegalensis (9.7%), Streptomyces somaliensis (2.6%), Actinomadura madurae (2,6%), Pseudallescheria boydii (1.8%), Nocardia spp. (1.8%), Scedosporium apiospermum (0.9%), Fusarium solani (0.9%). We found agents of dermatophytes: Microsporum langeronii (1.8%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (0.9%). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that mycetomas are endemic affections in Senegal, where it still remain a real cause of disability among population leaving in rural area.

[Evaluation of serological tests of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women realized at the Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of Le Dantec Teaching Hospital in 2002]. / Bilan des examens sérologiques de la toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte réalisés au Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologe du CHU Le Dantec en 2002.

INTRODUCTION: the toxoplasmosis can occur complications during pregnancy as serious repercussions on the foetus with the risks linked to this pathology such as abortion. However these complications can be avoided during the pregnancy by an early diagnosis. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we undertook this study on 109 pregnant women addressed to the laboratory of parasitology and mycology of the CHU Dantec for toxoplasmosis serological test on 2002. We used a immunoenzymatic technical in solid phase whose principle rests on the change of coloration in the presence of antibody of IgM or IgG; coloration whose intensity is function of the title of antibody. For that, two serological tests (S1 and S2), starting from two venous blood at 3 weeks of interval, are carried out among these pregnant women. This second serology will make it possible to confirm or cancel an evolutionary toxoplasmosis based on the variation of the title in antibody between the first (S1) and the second serology (S2). A control is carried out among these women among whom the diagnosis of the evolutionary toxoplasmosis was established. RESULTS: they show that with the first (S1), from the 109 patients, 3% were positive with the antibodies IgM type, 22% positive with IgG, and 11% positive with IgG and IgM. 36% of the women present a positive diagnostic at the first serology (S1). The second serology (S2) shows that among the 36% of the women diagnosed positive with the first serology, 11% made an evolutionary toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSION: This study shows a rather significant of serological toxoplasmosis discovered fortuitously among pregnant women at the time of their assessment of pregnancy.

Bilan des examens serologiques de la toxoplasmose

Introduction : la toxoplasmose peut etre a l'origine de complications chez la femme enceinte a type de fotopathies graves; d'avortements. Cependant ces complications peuvent etre evitees pendant la grossesse par un diagnostic precoce. L'objectif de cette etude est de determiner la prevalence de la toxoplasmose chez la femme pendant la grossesse. Materiels et methodes : nous avons mene cette etude sur 109 femmes enceintes adressees au laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie du CHU Le Dantec pour un serodiagnostic de la toxoplasmose en 2002. Nous avons utilise une technique immunoenzymatique en phase solide dont le principe repose sur le changement de coloration en presence d'anticorps de type IgM ou IgG; coloration dont l'intensite est fonction du titre en anticorps. Pour cela deux tests serologiques (S1 et S2); a partir de deux prelevements de sang veineux a 3 semaines d'intervalle; sont realises chez ces femmes enceintes. Cette deuxieme serologie permettra de confirmer ou d'infirmer une toxoplasmose evolutive basee sur la variation du titre en anticorps entre la premiere (S1) et la deuxieme serologie (S2). Resultats : ils montrent qu'a la premiere serologie (S1); sur les 109 patientes; 3etaient positives aux anticorps de type IgM; 22positives a IgG; et 11positives a IgG et IgM. Au total 36des femmes presentent un sero- diagnostic positif a la premiere serologie (S1). La deuxieme serologie (S2) montre que parmi les 36des femmes diagnostiquees positives a la premiere serologie; 11faisaient une toxoplasmose evolutive. Conclusion : Cette etude montre une seroprevalence importante de la toxoplasmose decouverte fortuitement chez les femmes enceintes lors de leur bilan de grossesse