ABSTRACT
Previous studies have observed changes in the lacrimal gland and ocular surface related to diabetes mellitus and related it to insulin resistance or insufficiency and oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether insulin treatment inhibits those changes. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin and a subgroup was treated with insulin. After 5 and 10 weeks, the three groups (n = 5-10/group/experimental procedure) were compared for biochemical, functional, and histological parameters. After 5 weeks, changes in morphology and increased numbers of lipofucsin-like inclusions were observed in lacrimal glands of diabetic but not insulin-treated rats. After 5 weeks, malonaldehyde and total peroxidase activity were significantly higher in diabetic rats, but similar to control in insulin-treated diabetic rats (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, respectively). Our data indicate that diabetes induces histological alterations in lacrimal gland and suggests that hyperglycemia-related oxidative stress may participate in diabetic dry eye syndrome. Prevention by insulin replacement suggests direct hormone action and/or benefit by early sub optimal metabolic control.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Dry Eye Syndromes/chemically induced , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Insulin/pharmacology , Lacrimal Apparatus/drug effects , Animals , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/pathology , Dry Eye Syndromes/pathology , Injections, Intravenous , Lacrimal Apparatus/pathology , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Correlated nutritional assessment data (anthropometric, bioimpedance and biochemical) with computerized tomography (CT) of total, muscle and fat midarm areas. Total body fat and fat-free mass were estimated using bioimpedance. Daily urinary urea and creatinine were also quantified. In all, 28 subjects (13 males, 15 females) were evaluated and, they were clinically divided in obese, malnourished and control subjects. DESIGN: Quantification of total, fat muscle midarm areas by tomography and anthropometry and total body fat and free-fat mass by bioimpedance. RESULTS: CT values were 29% higher for fat area and 4-5% lower for total and muscle midarm areas compared against anthropometric data. The midarm skinfold thickness highly correlated with CT fat midarm area. Total body fat and free-fat mass bioimpedance data showed significant correlation with CT midarm data. Urinary creatinine correlated with CT muscle midarm area. CONCLUSION: Utilization of anthropometry can lead to error estimation of fat and fat-free arm areas and that bioimpedance gives fair correlation between total body and CT midarm measurements.
