Healthcare and social care professionals' experiences of respite care: a critical incident study.

INTRODUCTION: Aging in place is favoured among older persons and supported by research in Sweden, although it poses challenges for overburdened informal caregivers. While respite care can offer support, its accessibility is hindered by organizational challenges and informal caregivers' delays in using it. The experiences of informal caregivers are well-studied, but the professionals' experiences of respite care quality and critical incident management are underexplored. AIM: To explore professionals' experiences of critical incidents in respite care, consequences for the persons being cared for, and strategies to manage critical incidents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative, critical incident technique was used, and three group interviews with a total of 16 professionals were conducted. RESULTS: Barriers to quality respite care included communication gaps during care transitions, environmental shortcomings in respite care facilities, lack of support for informal caregivers, and inadequacies in respite care decisions. Strategies to manage critical incidents included individualized care, continuity and communication in care transitions, a conducive environment, support for informal caregivers, and care professionals' positive approach. CONCLUSIONS: The study emphasizes the need for focused efforts on communication, continuity, and a supportive environment. Addressing identified challenges and applying suggested strategies will be key to maximizing the potential of respite care as a vital support for care recipients and their informal caregivers.

Dilemmas in rehabilitation and patient strategies in an intensive home intervention: a follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: The original project, where older persons received reablement performed by an interprofessional team showed success factors for IHR. However, since there is a lack of knowledge about why some persons do not recover despite receiving IHR, this study follows up patients' experiences of IHR. AIM: To describe older persons' perceived dilemmas in the reablement process within the framework of IHR. METHOD: 11 CIT interviews with participants who have previously received IHR, were analysed, interpreted and categorized according to CIT. The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. RESULTS: The results showed disease-related dilemmas, fatigue or pain so that participants could not cope with the prescribed exercises. New diseases appeared, as well as medication side effects made exercising difficult, and painkillers became a prerequisite for coping with IHR. Low self-motivation and mistrust towards the staff emerged like lack of trust due to otherness such as sex, cultural background, or language also became critical. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that consider individual- and contextual dilemmas are very important. By recognizing critical situations, this study can work as a basis of evidence to further develop interventions for older people living in their own homes and to ensure them to stay there.

"Intensive-Home-Rehabilitation" Intervention for Older Persons: A Follow-Up Study of Team Members' Perceptions.

Background: Reablement as a concept includes a health-promoting perspective with the goal of strengthening health and the ability to perform and participate in daily activities, a broader perspective than in general home care and rehabilitation. Reablement interventions have shown to be both more effective and to a greater extent improve the function and health-related quality of life of older persons when compared to traditional home-based care. Success factors for intensive-home-rehabilitation (IHR), an intervention based on the reablement concept, have been described earlier; however, there is a lack of knowledge about why some persons do not recover despite receiving IHR. Aim: The aim was to shed light on the older persons' conditions during IHR from the perspective of the rehabilitation team members and to describe obstacles to recovery. Methods: Qualitative analysis of health and care records of persons (65+) who received IHR (n=19) performed by an interprofessional team. Results: The analysis revealed various problematic situations, dilemmas, that occurred in the older persons' lives during IHR, as well as their consequences and the strategies employed by the older persons as a result. IHR aspects perceived as successful by the older persons also emerged, as well as differences in experiences of the physical and mental aspects of the IHR. Analysis also revealed reasons why the IHR might be experienced as broadly successful. Conclusion: The older persons seemed to be satisfied with IHR and achieved their goals; however, some seemed to need more time to reach their goals. Background factors such as having additional diagnoses and living alone might affect the rehabilitation process. Implication for Practice: The study provides knowledge regarding the importance of IHR for the recovery process for the increasing numbers of older persons, which might also be useful in other patient groups requiring otherwise long-term rehabilitation and recovery such as after covid-19 infection.

Nurses' challenges when supporting the family of patients with ALS in specialized palliative home care: A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: Being a family member to someone who has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is demanding and often requires sacrificing a lot. Family members can experience fatigue, anxiety, guilt and need support. The aim was to explore registered nurses' (RNs') experiences of providing support to the families of patients with ALS within specialized palliative home care (SPHC). METHODS: A qualitative explorative design. Interviews were conducted with RNs (n = 11) from five SPHCs in Sweden and analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The results emerged in the following categories:"To support in an increasingly difficult everyday life", based on the sub-categories: "Creating a trusting relationship", "Balancing between the needs of patients and their families", and "Sharing knowledge about dying to the families";"To support in emotionally challenging situations", based on the sub-categories: "Harbouring family members' difficult feelings", "Providing support even though the situation is unpleasant" and "Being able to give support by receiving confirmation and support from others". CONCLUSIONS: RNs working in SPHC have an important role in providing support in several ways to the families of patients with ALS, through facilitating their everyday life and giving emotional support when needed, based on the needs of both patients and the families.

Oncologists' experiences of and prerequisites for sickness certification tasks: A nationwide questionnaire study.

Oncologists frequently have sickness certification (SC) consultations, however, little is known about their experiences of such tasks. OBJECTIVE: To investigate oncologists' experiences of organisational prerequisites for SC tasks, and if lack of resources was related to experiencing SC as problematic. METHOD: Questionnaire data from 342 oncologists in Sweden were used for descriptive statistics and to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The majority (92.2%) had SC consultations weekly; 17.8% of the oncologists experienced such consultations as problematic weekly. About a third appreciated the national guidelines for SC (34.5%) and had joint routines/policies regarding SC at their clinic (29.7%). Experiencing SC consultations as problematic was associated with stating not having enough resources for such work (OR 3.47; 95% CI 1.92-6.25). Lack of resources was associated with: experiencing lack of competence in insurance medicine (3.34; 1.92-5.82), conflicts with patients regarding SC (4.22; 1.96-9.07), finding it problematic to manage the two roles as medical expert and as the patient's treating physician (3.31; 2.04-5.34), or to assess work capacity (2.28; 1.46-3.56). CONCLUSION: Although oncologists often had SC tasks, most did not experience them as problematic weekly. However, lack of resources for SC tasks was associated with experiencing SC as problematic.

Women's experiences of encounters with healthcare professionals' regarding work after breast-cancer surgery and associations with sickness absence: a 2-year follow-up cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women, and half of those diagnosed are of working age. Positive encounters regarding work from healthcare professionals have been shown to promote return to work among sickness absentees in general. However, the knowledge about encounters possible associations with sickness absence (SA) in women with BC is scarce. AIM: To explore if women had experienced encounters regarding work from healthcare professionals during the first year after BC surgery and if this was associated with SA during the second year after surgery, controlled for treatment and sociodemographic effects. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 690 Swedish women with primary BC, aged 24-63 years included after surgery. Descriptive statistics and adjusted logistic regression (age, birth country, education, self-rated health, treatment) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used. RESULTS: Eighty percent of the women had experienced encounters regarding work. Women who got advice and support regarding work (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.5; 0.3-0.9) or were encouraged to work (adjusted OR 0.6; 0.3-0.9) had less SA. A larger proportion of those encouraged to work had less advanced cancer, surgery, hormone, or radiotherapy. Consistently, women encouraged to be on SA had more SA, but this was partly explained by disease or treatment factors (crude OR 1.6; 1.1-2.4, adjusted OR 1.2 (0.8-1.9) since a larger proportion of those with more advanced cancer, surgery, or chemotherapy had more SA. CONCLUSION: Most women experienced encounters regarding work, and the nature of these encounters were associated with SA 2 years after BC surgery.

Caring and Uncaring Encounters between Assistant Nurses and Immigrants with Dementia Symptoms in Two Group Homes in Sweden-an Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: The total number of people with dementia symptoms is expected to double every 20 years and there will also be an increase in the number of older immigrants in several countries. There are considerable deficiencies in the present knowledge of how to conduct well-functioning health care for immigrants with dementia symptoms. The aim of this study was to explore caring and uncaring encounters between assistant nurses and immigrants in two group homes for persons with dementia symptoms in Sweden: a Finnish-speaking as well as a Swedish-speaking context. In addition, this study aims to describe how caring and uncaring encounters are manifested in these two contexts according to Halldórsdóttir's theory of "Caring and Uncaring encounters". METHOD: Descriptive field notes from 30 separate observations were analyzed using qualitative deductive content analysis. RESULTS: The main category "caring encounters" focused on reaching out to initiate connection through communication, removing masks of anonymity by acknowledging the unique person, acknowledgment of connection by being personal. Reaching a level of truthfulness by being present and showing respect, raising the level of solidarity by equality and true negotiation of care, based on the residents' needs. The main category, uncaring encounters, focused on disinterest in and insensitivity towards the other, coldness in the connection and lack of humanity in care situations. The observations showed that caring encounters occurred more in the Finnish-speaking context and uncaring encounters more often in the Swedish context. CONCLUSION: Encounters could be caring, uncaring, and carried out using a person-centered approach. Communication and relationships could be facilitated using the same language but also through learning to interpret residents' needs and desires.

Caring for Ethnic Older People Living with Dementia - Experiences of Nursing Staff.

The total number of persons living with dementia is estimated to double every 20 years and ageing migrant populations are growing in several countries. There are gaps in the health and social care of people from other countries, regardless of the efforts made when someone has a dementia diagnosis; similarly, receiving care in sheltered accommodation is less common. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the nursing staff's experiences of caring for non-Swedish speaking persons living with dementia in a Finnish speaking group home in relation to a Swedish speaking group home in Sweden. 27 qualitative semi-structured interviews were analysed using qualitative content analyses. The first main category, "communication", concentrated on language abilities and deficiencies, non-verbal language, highlighting the consequences of not understanding and the benefits of a common language. The second main category, "culturally oriented activities", focused on being served traditional food, celebrating holidays at the group home, the importance of traditions and the importance of familiar music as cultural elements. The Swedish speaking nursing staff could provide qualitative and equitable care, but the challenge was greater for them than for the bilingual nursing staff who spoke the same language as the residents.

Immigrants with dementia in Swedish residential care: an exploratory study of the experiences of their family members and Nursing staff.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, there is a growing population of older people who develop dementia in a country other than that of their origin. When their dementia has reached an advanced stage, residential care is most often needed. People with dementia in Sweden are often cared for in group homes. For immigrants, this may mean a linguistically challenging care environment for both healthcare staff and the patients' family members. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of family members and professional caregivers regarding the care provided to immigrants with dementia in group homes in Sweden. METHODS: An exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach was chosen. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine professional caregivers and five family members of people with dementia with Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian and Ingrian backgrounds; all were chosen purposefully. All people with dementia had lost their Swedish language skills as their second language. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Three main categories and seven subcategories were identified. The first main category: A new living situation comprised the subcategories: adjusting to new living arrangements and expectations regarding activities and traditional food at the group home, the second main category: Challenges in communication with the subcategories: limited communication between the immigrant with dementia and the Swedish-speaking nursing staff and the consequences of linguistic misunderstandings and nuanced communication in a common language and the third main category: The role of the family member at the group home with the subcategories: a link to the healthy life story of the family member with dementia and an expert and interpreter for the nursing staff. CONCLUSIONS: The family member played a crucial role in the lives of immigrants with dementia living in a group home by facilitating communication between the nursing staff and the PWD and also by making it possible for PWD to access the cultural activities they wanted and which professional caregivers were either not able to recognise as needed or could not deliver.