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1.
Dev Neurosci ; : 1-17, 2024 Apr 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38663367

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies using Go/No-Go (GNG) tasks have focused on brain activation in relation to cognitive processes, particularly inhibitory control (IC). The results of these studies commonly describe right hemispheric engagement of the dorsolateral, ventromedial, or inferior frontal regions of the prefrontal cortex. Considering that typical healthy cognitive development is negatively correlated with higher cortisol levels (which may alter brain development), the overarching aim of the current study was to investigate how elevated stress (due to unforeseeable events such as the pandemic) impacts early cognitive development. METHOD: In this study, we examined fNIRS data collected from a sample of children (aged 2-4 years) during a GNG task relative to the response to stressors measured via hair cortisol concentrations. We acquired data in an ecological setting (Early Childhood Education and Care) during the coronavirus pandemic. RESULTS: We found that children with higher stress levels and a less efficient IC recruited more neural terrain and our group-level analysis indicated activation in the left orbitofrontal area during IC performance. CONCLUSIONS: A contextual stressor may disrupt accuracy in the executive function of IC early in development. More research efforts are needed to understand better how an orbitofrontal network subserves goal-directed behavior.

2.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 23(2): 90-105, abril 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219715

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo presentamos una versión traducida y adaptada del Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ) en portugués brasileño, además de explorar sus características psicométricas. En el Estudio 1 se elaboró la versión brasileña del SEQ (SEQ-BR) de acuerdo con las directrices del proceso de adaptación transcultural, se evaluó la validez de contenido y el acuerdo entre evaluadores. La concordancia entre los evaluadores fue casi excelente (0.77 £ Kappa £ 0.89) y el instrumento se consideró válido desde el punto de vista de su contenido en cuanto a claridad (CVCt = 0.91) y pertinencia (CVCt = 0.93). En el Estudio 2, 895 atletas brasileños de diferentes deportes respondieron al SEQ-BR durante competiciones nacionales e internacionales. Se realizaron análisis factoriales para explorar y confirmar la estructura factorial del SEQ-BR. La estructura con cinco factores presentó un ajuste satisfactorio [χ2 (199) = 395.59; χ2/gl = 1.99; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; GFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.033], además de invarianza factorial entre grupos y consistencia interna adecuada en todos los factores (0.78 £ ω £ 0.85). Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el SEQ-BR presenta adecuación en cuanto a la validación del contenido y características psicométricas satisfactorias, proporcionando un instrumento estable, consistente y fiable para medir las emociones precompetitivas en atletas brasileños. (AU)


Neste trabalho apresentamos uma versão traduzida e adaptada doSport Emotion Questionnaire(SEQ) para o Português brasileiro, e exploramossuas características psicométricas. No Estudo 1 foi produzida a versão brasileira do SEQ (SEQ-BR)de acordo com as diretrizes para o processo de adaptação transcultural, eavaliadas a validade de conteúdo e a concordância entre os juízes. O julgamento quanto a concordância entre os juízes foi quase excelente (0.77£Kappa£0.89) e o instrumento foi considerado válido do ponto de vista do seu conteúdo quanto a clareza (CVCt= 0.91) e pertinência (CVCt= 0.93). No Estudo 2, 895 atletas brasileiros de diferentes modalidades esportivas responderam o SEQ-BR durante competições nacionais e internacionais. As análises fatoriais foram realizadas para explorar e confirmar a estrutura fatorial do SEQ-BR. Aestrutura com cinco fatores apresentou um ajuste satisfatório [χ2(199) = 395.59; χ2/gl = 1.99; CFI = 0.98;TLI = 0.98;GFI = 0.98;RMSEA = 0.033], além de invariância fatorial entre grupos e consistência interna adequada em todos os fatores (0.78£ω£0.85). Diante do exposto, o SEQ-BR apresenta adequação quanto à validação do conteúdo e características psicométricas satisfatórias, fornecendo um instrumento estável, consistente e confiável para mensurar emoções pré-competitivas em atletas brasileiros. (AU)


Here we present an adapted version oftheSport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ)translated to Brazilian Portuguese, and exploreits psychometric characteristics. In Study 1, the Brazilian version of the SEQ (SEQ-BR) was produced according to the guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process, and the content validity and inter-rater agreement were evaluated. The agreement was almost excellent between judges (0.77£Kappa£0.89),and the instrument was considered valid from thecontent viewpoint, regarding clarity (CVCt= 0.91) and relevance (CVCt= 0.93). In Study 2, 895 Brazilian athletes from different types of sports answered the SEQ-BR during national and international competitions. Factor analysis were performed to exploreand confirm the factor structure of the SEQ-BR.The structure composed offive factors [χ2(199) = 395.59;χ2/df = 1.99; CFI = 0.98;TLI = 0.98;GFI = 0.98;RMSEA = 0.033], in addition to factorial invariance between groups and adequate internal consistency in all factors (0,78£ω£0,85). The SEQ-BR presents adequacy as to content validity,and satisfactory psychometric characteristics, providing a stable, consistent, and reliable instrument tomeasure pre-competitive emotions in Brazilian athletes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics , Emotions , Sports , Psychology, Sports , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Rev. bras. educ. espec ; 29: e0158, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449589

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Métodos em neurociência cognitiva podem auxiliar o planejamento educacional de docentes no contexto da Educação Especial, por favorecerem práticas personalizadas que valorizem a velocidade individual de aprendizagem de estudantes com transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) e/ou deficiência intelectual (DI). Assim sendo, este estudo objetivou verificar a viabilidade de uso da Espectroscopia Funcional de Infravermelho Próximo (fNIRS) em situação naturalística clínica com crianças e jovens com TEA e/ou DI durante tarefas de ensino. Ademais, o estudo buscou identificar as estratégias de treino para que as crianças e os jovens utilizassem o equipamento durante a realização da atividade. Sete estudantes com diagnóstico de TEA e/ou DI foram treinados com atividades de matemática, leitura e expressividade emocional, de acordo com seus respectivos currículos educacionais prévios. Cada participante foi exposto a duas tarefas em cada atividade, uma na qual já apresentava domínio e outra que necessitava de apoio para emitir uma resposta independente. Os resultados indicaram a viabilidade de uso do fNIRS nesse contexto natural da criança e do jovem e forneceram medidas implícitas para além das medidas observacionais de acerto e erro na tarefa. Esta é uma importante demonstração da viabilidade do uso do fNIRS em experimentos no contexto da Educação Especial.


ABSTRACT: Methods in cognitive neuroscience can assist educational planning of teachers in the context of Special Education, as they favor personalized practices that value individual students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Intellectual Deficiency (ID). Therefore, this study aimed to verify the feasibility of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in clinical naturalistic situation with children and young people with ASD and/or ID during teaching tasks. In addition, the study sought to identify training strategies so that children and young people use the equipment during the activity. Seven students diagnosed with ASD and/or ID were trained with mathematics, reading and emotional expressiveness, according to their respective previous educational curricula. Each participant was exposed to two tasks in each activity, one in which he/she already had a domain and one that needed support to issue an independent response. The results indicated the feasibility of using fNIRS in this natural context of the child and the young student and provided implicit measures beyond the observational arrangement measures and task error. This is an important demonstration of the feasibility of using fNIRS in experiments in the context of Special Education.

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