ABSTRACT
Tamoxifen is an antioestrogen widely used in the breast cancer treatment. Its paradoxical antioestrogenic action on breast and its oestrogenic action on the endometer is well-known. Since 1988, few cases of malignant mixed müllerian tumors following tamoxifen were described. We report a new case of uterine malignant mixed müllerian tumor four years after the end of tamoxifen for breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Mixed Tumor, Mullerian/chemically induced , Tamoxifen/adverse effects , Uterine Neoplasms/chemically induced , Aged, 80 and over , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Mixed Tumor, Mullerian/pathology , Tamoxifen/therapeutic use , Uterine Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor, which is thought to arise predominantly in postmenopausal women. We report the second case in a perimenarchal adolescent. Diagnosis was grounded on light microscopic and histochemical findings. In our case, the treatment was exclusively surgical. As there was no tumoral residue, and according to the low-grade tumor, no adjuvant treatment was performed.
Subject(s)
Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis , Leiomyosarcoma/surgery , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Leiomyosarcoma/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
(1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the aggregation of the surfactant di-isobutyl-phenoxy-ethoxy-ethyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium methacrylate (Hyamine-M) in benzene. Adding water makes swollen reverse micelles (microemulsion droplets). The droplets also contain cadmium ions and the sodium salt of the methacrylic acid. The critical micelle concentration of Hyamine-M was determined by NMR to be 3.95 mM under the current conditions. Two-dimensional NMR NOESY spectra were used to study the conformation of the surfactant in the micelle and the spatial localization of water and counterions. We found that the surfactant molecules are folded with both phenyl fragments oriented toward the micelle exterior and the oxyethylene and NCH(3) groups in the micelle core. The water molecules and counterions are distributed around the surfactant polar groups in the micelle interior and penetrate up to both aromatic rings. The investigated system can be further utilized as a microemulsion matrix for the synthesis of cadmium-containing semiconductor nanocrystals, eventually capped with a polymer shell, or of polymer nanoparticles.
