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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 34(8): 510-519, oct. 2019. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-186354

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La descompresión microvascular (DMV) es aceptada como único tratamiento quirúrgico etiológico para la neuralgia del trigémino (NT) clásica refractaria al tratamiento médico. Por ello existe un creciente interés por establecer el valor diagnóstico y pronóstico de la identificación de compresiones neurovasculares (CNV) mediante resonancia magnética (RM) con secuencias tridimensionales de alta resolución en pacientes con NT clásica candidatos a cirugía. Métodos: Este estudio observacional incluye una serie consecutiva de 74 pacientes con NT clásica refractaria intervenidos mediante DMV. En todos los pacientes se realizó una RM tridimensional de alta resolución con secuencias DRIVE preoperatoria para diagnosticar la existencia de una CNV, así como su grado, origen y localización. Los resultados de la RM fueron analizados de forma «ciega» para los hallazgos de la exploración quirúrgica y posteriormente comparados con estos. Se realizó un seguimiento mínimo de 6 meses para comprobar los resultados quirúrgicos, que se clasificaron según la escala de dolor facial del Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI score). El valor pronóstico de la RM preoperatoria se analizó mediante una regresión logística binaria. Resultados: La RM preoperatoria con secuencias DRIVE demostró una sensibilidad del 95% y una especificidad del 87%, con un valor predictivo positivo del 98% y un valor predictivo negativo del 70%. Además se evidenció un buen grado de concordancia mediante el coeficiente kappa (CK) entre los hallazgos radiológicos y quirúrgicos respecto a la existencia de CNV (CK 0,75), al tipo de compresión (CK 0,74) y a la localización (CK 0,72), siendo del grado de concordancia moderado para el grado de compresión (CK 0,48).Tras un seguimiento medio de 29 meses (rango 6-100 meses), el 81% de los pacientes presentaban un control del dolor sin o con medicación (BNI score I-III). Los pacientes con un resultado excelente del tratamiento, es decir aquellos sin dolor trigeminal y sin medicación (BNI score i) fueron el 66% al final del seguimiento. El análisis univariante mediante regresión logística binaria demostró que el diagnóstico de una CNV en la RM preoperatoria era un factor pronóstico favorable que incrementaba significativamente la probabilidad de obtener un resultado excelente (OR 0,17, IC del 95%, 0,04-0,72; p 0,02) o aceptable (OR 0,16, IC del 95%, 0,04-0,68; p 0,01) tras la DMV. Conclusiones: La RM DRIVE presenta una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico preoperatorio de CNV en pacientes con NT clásica refractaria candidatos a tratamiento mediante DMV. El hallazgo de una CNV en el estudio de RM preoperatorio es un factor de buen pronóstico para la obtención de alivio del dolor a largo plazo con la DMV


Introduction: Microvascular decompression (MVD) is accepted as the only aetiological surgical treatment for refractory classic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). There is therefore increasing interest in establishing the diagnostic and prognostic value of identifying neurovascular compressions (NVC) using preoperative high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MRI) in patients with classic TN who are candidates for surgery. Methods: This observational study includes a series of 74 consecutive patients with classic TN treated with MVD. All patients underwent a preoperative three-dimensional high-resolution MRI with DRIVE sequences to diagnose presence of NVC, as well as the degree, cause, and location of compressions. MRI results were analysed by doctors blinded to surgical findings and subsequently compared to those findings. After a minimum follow-up time of six months, we assessed the surgical outcome and graded it on the Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity score (BNI score). The prognostic value of the preoperative MRI was estimated using binary logistic regression. Results: Preoperative DRIVE MRI sequences showed a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 87%, with a 98% positive predictive value and a 70% negative predictive value. Moreover, Cohen's kappa (CK) indicated a good level of agreement between radiological and surgical findings regarding presence of NVC (CK 0.75), type of compression (CK 0.74) and the site of compression (CK 0.72), with only moderate agreement as to the degree of compression (CK 0.48).After a mean follow-up of 29 months (range 6-100 months), 81% of the patients reported pain control with or without medication (BNI score I-IIII). Patients with an excellent surgical outcome, i.e. without pain and off medication (BNI score i), made up 66% of the total at the end of follow-up. Univariate analysis using binary logistic regression showed that a diagnosis of NVC on the preoperative MRI was a favorable prognostic factor that significantly increased the odds of obtaining an excellent outcome (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.72; P=.02) or an acceptable outcome (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04-0.68; P = .01) after MVD. Conclusions: DRIVE MRI shows high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing NVC in patients with refractory classic TN and who are candidates for MVD. The finding of NVC on preoperative MRI is a good prognostic factor for long-term pain relief with MVD


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Microvascular Decompression Surgery , Trigeminal Neuralgia/diagnostic imaging , Trigeminal Neuralgia/surgery , Predictive Value of Tests , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology
2.
Eur. j. anat ; 12(1): 1-24, mayo 2008.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-93395

ABSTRACT

Discussions at the inaugural meeting of aTrans-European Pedagogic Research Group forAnatomical Sciences highlighted the fact thatthere exist considerable variations in the legaland ethical frameworks throughout Europeconcerning body bequests for anatomicalexamination. Such differences appear to reflectcultural and religious variations as well as differentlegal and constitutional frameworks. Forexample, there are different views concerningthe “ownership” of cadavers and concerningthe need (perceived by different societies andnational politicians) for legislation specificallyrelated to anatomical dissection. Furthermore,there are different views concerning the acceptabilityof using unclaimed bodies that have notgiven informed consent. Given that in Europe (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Tissue and Organ Procurement/ethics , Tissue Donors/ethics , Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence , European Union , Legislation as Topic
3.
Eur. j. anat ; 11(supl.1): 111-119, oct. 2007. graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138125

ABSTRACT

We have divided this article into five sections organised as follows. The first section expresses our views concerning the relevance of anatomy to the training of clinicians and surgeons. The second section analyses clinicians and surgeons perceptions about the relevance of anatomy for their training and is based upon the results of a questionnaire. The third section discusses whether surgeons or anatomists should be organising Continuing Professional Development (CPD) courses. The fourth section attempts to define the criteria for organising and developing surgical training courses. The fifth, and final, section outlines our experiences of planning and initiating surgical training courses (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Learning/ethics , Professional Staff Committees/ethics , Professional Staff Committees/legislation & jurisprudence , Surgeons/education , Surgeons/ethics , Medical Staff/education , Learning , Professional Staff Committees/standards , Professional Staff Committees , Surgeons/psychology , Surgeons/supply & distribution , Medical Staff/ethics
4.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 57(10): 435-440, dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051870

ABSTRACT

Los nervios laríngeos recurrentes (NLR) de los mamíferos son diferentes en longitud entre ambos lados. Esta asimetría implica, a priori, diferentes tiempos de conducción del estímulo a la musculatura laríngea controlada por cada nervio, postulándose diversos modelos para explicar el cierre glótico sincrónico más allá de la citada diferencia. Varios son los estudios publicados en esta materia aunque, no obstante, presentan carencias en datos relevantes. Utilizando dos grupos de 10 y 6 ratas, respectivamente, nuestro estudio compara la longitud de los NLR por lado y, mediante microscopía óptica acoplada a un sistema de análisis morfométrico, el número y características de las fibras mielínicas que los componen. Los resultados muestran que el NLR izquierdo (NLRi) es, de promedio, 0,84 cm más largo que el NLR derecho (NLRd). No hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el número de fibras por lado pero sí en el grosor de las mismas, mayores en el NLRd. Estos datos se analizan valorando los posibles mecanismos de compensación de la diferencia de longitud de los NLR


In mammals the recurrent laryngeal nerves are dissimilar in length between both sides. This asymmetry involves different time of arrival of the stimulus to the laryngeal musculature controlled by each nerve. Thus, several explanations have been addressed to elucidate the closest of the glottis at the same time despite the unlike length of the nerves. However, previous works on the topic lack of several important data. The present study compares, in two groups of 10 and 6 rats, the length and the composition of myelinated fibers in the recurrent laryngeal nerves of both sides, by means of light microscopy and a computerized morphometric analysis. The results show a mean difference of 0,84 cm longer the left than the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. No statistical differences were observed in the number of myelinated fibers between both sides. However, the myelinated fibers of the right side were statistically bigger in diameter than the fibers of the left side. The data are discussed in the context of the mechanisms for the compensation of the dissimilar length of both recurrent laryngeal nerves


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Female , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/cytology
5.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 57(7): 295-299, ago.-sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049204

ABSTRACT

Los nervios laríngeos contienen las fibras que controlan la función laríngea. Son escasos los estudios que se han realizado en la rata para conocer los componentes funcionales y el origen real de las fibras que componen el nervio laríngeo superior (NLS). En ninguno de estos estudios se ha utilizado dextranos, potentes herramientas para el trazado nervioso. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es identificar en la rata los núcleos de origen de las fibras que porta el NLS, conociendo así los componentes funcionales del mismo, mediante el trazado con dextranos biotinados (BDA). El estudio se ha realizado en 11 ratas Sprague-Dawley machos adultos, aplicando el BDA en el NLS previamente lesionado. Los resultados en todos los animales muestran que el NLS de la rata contiene fibras eferentes originadas en el núcleo ambiguo (NA) y el núcleo dorsal del vago (NDV) ipsilaterales, así como fibras aferentes que se conducen al tracto solitario (TS) y el núcleo del tracto solitario (NTS) ipsilaterales. Por lo tanto, en la rata, el NLS parece conducir las fibras eferentes viscerales especiales del NA, las fibras eferentes viscerales generales del NDV y, probablemente, todas las fibras aferentes laríngeas


Laryngeal nerves contain the fibres that control the laryngeal function. On the rat, the studies on the functional components and the real origin of the fibres conveyed by the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) are few. No one of such works were developed using biotinylated dextrane amines (BDA), a powerful tool for tracing neural pathways. The aim of our study was to identify by using BDA, in the rat, the nuclei of real origin of the fibres of the SLN, knowing in this way the functional components of this nerve. The study has been developed in 11 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, applying the BDA into the damaged SLN. The results obtained in all the animals shown that the rat SLN carries efferent fibres originated within the ipsilateral nucleus ambiguous (NA) and dorsal nucleus of the vagus (DNV), and that afferent fibres reach the tractus solitari and the nucleus tractus solitari. So, in the rat, the SLN seems to convey efferent fibres from the NA and DNV and, probably, all the laryngeal afferent fibres


Subject(s)
Rats , Male , Animals , Laryngeal Nerves/anatomy & histology , Laryngeal Nerves/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
6.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 57(6): 253-256, jun.-jul. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047522

ABSTRACT

Los nervios laríngeos contienen las fibras que controlan la función laríngea. Pocos y discrepantes son los estudios que se han realizado en la rata para conocer los componentes funcionales y el origen real de las fibras que componen el nervio laríngeo recurrente (NLR). En ninguno de estos estudios se ha utilizado dextranos, potentes herramientas para el trazado nervioso. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es identificar en la rata los núcleos de origen de las fibras que porta el NLR, conociendo así los componentes funcionales del mismo, mediante el trazado con dextranos biotinados (BDA). El estudio se ha realizado en 31 ratas Sprague-Dawley machos adultos, aplicando el BDA en el NLR previamente lesionado. Los resultados en todos los animales muestran que el NLR de la rata no contiene fibras aferentes, mientras que las fibras eferentes se originan en el núcleo ambiguo (NA) ipsilateral. Por lo tanto, en la rata, el NLR parece contener exclusivamente fibras eferentes, debiendo de ser las fibras aferentes conducidas, muy probablemente en su totalidad, por el nervio laríngeo superior


Laryngeal nerves contain the fibres that control the laryngeal function. The studies carried out on the rat with the purpose of having a better knowledge of the functional components and the real origin of the fibres conveyed by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) are few and in disagreement. No one of such papers were developed using biotinylated dextrane amines (BDA), a powerful tool for tracing neural pathways. The aim of our study was to identify in the rat using BDA, the nuclei of real origin of the fibres of the RLN, knowing in this way the functional components of this nerve. The study has been developed in 31 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, applying the BDA into the lesioned RLN. The results obtained in all the animals show that the rat’s RLN does not contain afferent fibres, whereas the efferent fibres were originated within the ipsilateral nucleus ambiguus (NA). So, in the rat, the RLN seems to contain exclusively efferent fibres, probably been the superior laryngeal nerve who conveyed the afferent fibres


Subject(s)
Rats , Male , Animals , Laryngeal Nerves/physiology , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/physiology , Larynx/physiopathology , Nerve Net/physiology , Dextrans/administration & dosage , Nervous System Physiological Phenomena , Biotin , Peroxidase/biosynthesis , Neurons/microbiology , Neurons/pathology
7.
Eur. j. anat ; 8(3): 155-163, dic. 2004.
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-044590

ABSTRACT

This work, which merely aims to reflect theauthors’ opinions, begins by pointing out a seriesof problems involved in the teaching of HumanAnatomy in Spanish Universities over the pastquarter century. Emphasis is placed on both thecauses that can be attributed to anatomists themselvesand on those deriving from Universitylegislation, especially after the University ReformLaw. We also refer to the small body of literaturepublished by Spanish anatomists with respectto the teaching of Anatomy, cadaver dissection orthe use of new technologies in such teaching. Wethen offer an overview of the current circumstancesand future possibilities not only of teachingand methodology but also as regards instructorsand departments. We offer a reference tothe Spanish Anatomical Society and we end byproposing a series of guidelines for the immediatefuture with a view to optimising the teachingof Human Anatomy and Embryology andthe professionalisation of future anatomists


No disponible


Subject(s)
Anatomy/education , Teaching/methods , Teaching Materials , Education, Medical/methods , Dissection/education , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , Societies, Medical/standards , Competency-Based Education/organization & administration , Competency-Based Education/standards , Education/methods , Education/organization & administration , Education, Continuing/standards
8.
Eur. j. anat ; 7(supl.1): 21-28, jul. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-30366

ABSTRACT

The arterial pattern of the upper limb is one of the systems that shows a large number of variations in the adult human body. However, embryological explanations for these variations have been subject to much debate. Recent studies have provided a new classification of the arterial variations in the upper limb, as well as a new model of arterial development based on the study of large anatomical and embryological samples. In the present article, we offer a review of the embryological and morphological data obtained in adults, contrasting them with those found in a new sample of adult material (AU)


El patrón arterial de la extremidad superior es uno de los sistemas que presentan mayor número de variaciones dentro del cuerpo humano adulto. Sin embargo, la justificación embriológica de estas variaciones había sido un tema de controversia hasta la actualidad. Estudios recientes han aportado una nueva clasificación de las variaciones arteriales de la extremidad superior, así como un nuevo modelo sobre el desarrollo embriológico basado en el estudio de grandes muestras de material embrionario y adulto. En el presente artículo presentamos una revisión conjunta de los datos embriológicos y morfológicos en adultos y los contrastamos con una nueva muestra de material adulto (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Upper Extremity/blood supply , Pathological Conditions, Anatomical , Upper Extremity/embryology , Terminology
9.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 52(6): 486-492, ago. 2001. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1394

ABSTRACT

Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de los casos de inmovilidad glótica uni o bilateral diagnosticados en nuestro centro entre los años 1985 y 1998. De los 229 casos analizados, 58 (25 por ciento) correspondían a una inmovilidad glótica bilateral, 60 (26 por ciento) a una inmovilidad unilateral derecha y 111 (49 por ciento) a una inmovilidad unilateral izquierda. Las etiologías más frecuentes responsables en los casos bilaterales fueron la cirugía tiroidea (38 por ciento) y la intubación prolongada (31 por ciento), en los casos unilaterales derechos las formas idiopáticas (32 por ciento) y la cirugía tiroidea (23 por ciento), y en los casos unilaterales izquierdos las formas idiopáticas (28 por ciento) y los tumores extralaríngeos (22 por ciento). Tras una parálisis unilateral se consiguió una compensación clínica en más del 85 por ciento de las ocasiones cuando la etiología era idiopática o una lesión quirúrgica de los nervios recurrente o vago, del 70 por ciento en el caso de intubación prolongada, del 56 por ciento ante patología neurológica y del 38 por ciento en caso de tumor extralaríngeo. De los pacientes afectos de inmovilidad glótica bilateral un 14 por ciento no requirieron tratamiento, un 34 por ciento requirieron una traqueostomía permanente, y un 52 por ciento recuperaron una ventilación oro-nasal adecuada tras cirugía (traqueostomía transitoria en 12 casos y aritenoidectomía en 18 casos) (AU)


A retrospective study of the unilateral and bilateral vocal fold immobility cases diagnosed at our hospital between 1985 and 1998 was carried out. Of the 229 cases studied, vocal fold immobility was bilateral in 58 patients (25%), unilateral right in 60 (26%), and unilateral left 111 (49%). The most frequent etiologies in the bilateral cases were thyroid surgery (38%) and prolonged intubation (31%); idiopathic cases (32%) and thyroid surgery (23%) in the unilateral right cases; and idiopathic cases (28%) and extralaryngeal tumors (22%) in the unilateral left cases. Clinical compensation was achieved in more than 85% of cases of unilateral immobility when the etiology was idiopathic or due to surgical damage to the recurrent or vagus nerves, 70% when it was a prolonged intubation, 56% in neurological patients and 38% in extralaryngeal tumors. In patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility, 14% did not require any treatment, 34% had a permanent tracheostomy, and 52% recovered adequate naso-oral ventilation after surgery (tracheostomy only in 12 patients and arytenoidectomy in 18 patients) (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Vocal Cord Paralysis/physiopathology , Glottis/physiopathology , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Vocal Cord Paralysis/therapy , Retrospective Studies
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