Psychological Distress in Young Chilean Adults Exposed to Parental Alienating Behaviors during Childhood/Adolescence.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological distress of young adults exposed to alienating behaviors during childhood/adolescence. Four hundred and sixteen adults responded to the online survey. A brief sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Scale, and a questionnaire on adverse childhood experiences were included. The analyses revealed that individuals who experienced one or more alienating behaviors exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, somatization, and overall psychological distress. Furthermore, even after controlling for the effect of other adverse childhood experiences, alienating behaviors had a significant impact on psychological distress in adulthood. This highlights an understudied aspect of alienating behaviors, i.e., their conjunction or parallelism with other adverse childhood experiences.

Accesibilidad en la atención primaria de salud desde la perspectiva de migrantes y personal de salud en antofagasta, chile

Objetivo: Analizar los discursos y experiencias sobre la percepción de la accesibilidad a la atención primaria de salud desde la perspectiva de personas migrantes internacionales y el personal de salud en Antofagasta, zona norte de Chile. Material y Método: Estudio con enfoque cualitativo y diseño de tipo fenomenológico descriptivo; participaron 14 residentes de la comuna de Antofagasta durante el 2021, siete migrantes internacionales y 7 trabajadores de la atención primaria de salud. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por bola de nieve y la selección se realizó mediante participantes semilla. Resultados: Las categorías que presentan las personas migrantes son: 1) Accesibilidad Horaria, con subdimensiones: elementos del sistema y elementos del usuario; 2) Peligros Percibidos; 3) Discriminación, con subdimensiones: trato al usuario y disponibilidad de servicios; 4) Accesibilidad a la Información. Desde el personal de salud las categorías fueron: 1) Accesibilidad Horaria; 2) Peligros Percibidos; 3) Facilitadores en Salud. Conclusión: Existe una brecha entre la población migrante y el personal de salud, que no permite una óptima atención y accesibilidad, esto por la ausencia de capacitación, limitación de recursos y concientización.

Objective: To analyze the discourses and experiences regarding the perception of accessibility to primary healthcare from the perspective of international migrants and healthcare professionals in Antofagasta, northern Chile. Material and Method: A qualitative approach study with a descriptive phenomenological design, the sample consisted of 14 participants from the city of Antofagasta in the year 2021: 7 international migrants and 7 primary healthcare professionals. Non-probability sampling was used. The snowball method was used to select participants through seed participants. Results: The categories expressed by the migrants were: 1) Timely accessibility with the sub-dimensions: system elements and user elements; 2) Perceived hazards; 3) Discrimination with the sub-dimensions: user service and availability of services; 4) Information availability. From the health professionals' perspective, the categories were: 1) Timely accessibility; 2) Perceived hazards; 3) Health facilitators. Conclusion: There is a gap between the migrant population and healthcare professionals, which hinders optimal care and accessibility. This is attributed to lack of training, limited resources and awareness.

Objetivo: Analisar os discursos e experiências sobre a percepção da acessibilidade aos cuidados de saúde primários, do ponto de vista de pessoas migrantes internacionais e profissionais de saúde, em Antofagasta, região norte do Chile. Material e Método: Estudo com uma abordagem qualitativa e desenho fenomenológico descritivo. 14 residentes na cidade de Antofagasta participaram durante o ano de 2021: 7 migrantes internacionais e 7 profissionais de saúde primária. O tipo de amostra foi não probabilístico e a amostragem foi feita com o método bola de neve e a seleção foi conduzida por participantes semente. Resultados: As categorias apresentadas pelos migrantes são: 1) Acessibilidade horária, com as subdimensões: elementos do sistema e elementos do usuário; 2) Perigos percebidos; 3) Discriminação, com as subdimensões: tratamento do usuário e disponibilidade de serviços; 4) Acessibilidade de informações. Para os profissionais de saúde, as categorias foram: 1) Acessibilidade horária; 2) Perigos percebidos; 3) Facilitadores de saúde. Conclusão: Existe uma lacuna entre a população migrante e os profissionais de saúde que não permite uma atenção e acessibilidade ótimas, devido à falta de formação, limitações de recursos e conscientização.

Victimization by Caregivers: Prevalence and Risk Factors in Chilean Children and Adolescents.

This study examined the prevalence and risk factors associated to victimization by caregivers in a national large sample of Chilean children and adolescents. 19,687 children and adolescents aged 12-17, selected by random probability sampling of 699 public schools in Chile who were surveyed by trained interviewers. Victimization by Caregivers was evaluated through a module of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). The prevalence (12 months) for physical abuse were (12.9%), for emotional abuse (27.9%), neglect (5.3%) and parental interference (3.5%). The results suggest as risk factors, sex, age, migration status, disability, geographical location, and type of school. The findings highlight the urgent need to address the issue of child maltreatment and victimization by caregivers in Chilean society and minimize its impact.

Consumption of cricket (Acheta domesticus) flour decreases insulin resistance and fat accumulation in rats fed with high-fat and -fructose diet.

The consumption of cricket (Acheta domesticus, AD) has recently increased due to its high nutritional and bioactive compound contents. However, limited studies have explored the beneficial effects of AD consumption. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a diet supplemented with AD flour on obesity control and its complications in an in vivo model. The chemical profiling of the AD showed an important protein content, chitin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents. For the in vivo study, a high-fructose and saturated fat diet (HFFD) was supplemented with AD (4% and 8%). The 8% AD supplementation reduced body weight gain (19%) and serum triglycerides (37%) in HFFD-fed rats. These benefits were related to a greater lipid excretion in feces (97%) and the partial inhibition of pancreatic lipase in vitro by the aqueous extract and the hydrolyzed proteins obtained from AD. Additionally, the 8% AD supplementation improved insulin resistance measured by the HOMA index (61%). Thus, 8% AD supplementation to HFFD-fed rats was effective in preventing obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity is a risk factor for developing insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds as therapeutic alternatives for managing the development of obesity and its complications. Edible insects, such as crickets, are attractive for treating obesity due to their content of protein, fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies have explored the effect of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-enriched extracts from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus against obesity. However, GAG content in crickets is low, and crickets are commonly consumed whole instead of extracts. The cricket Acheta domesticus (AD) is among the most rearing cricket species as it is easy to farm and has a better flavor. However, limited studies have explored the beneficial effects of AD consumption. This study demonstrates that AD prevents obesity and ameliorates dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Therefore, AD is a valuable entomotherapeutic strategy to reduce the comorbidities associated with diet-induced obesity.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Mental Health in Adolescents from Northern Chile in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world population; however, there is limited knowledge about its impact on adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in young people in northern Chile. The sample consisted of 1315 young people between the ages of 14 and 18. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify the risk factors associated to the considered symptomatology. Depressive symptomatology was reported at 36.3%, anxiety at 6%, and social phobia at 27.8%. Adolescent females reported a higher probability of presenting depressive (OR, 3.409), anxious (OR, 3.949), and social phobia (OR, 3.027) symptomatology. Young women between the ages of 17 and 18 were more likely to present anxiety (OR, 2.172); moreover, being a migrant was related to lower odds of presenting anxiety (OR, 0.259) and depression (OR, 0.662). Having a family member diagnosed with COVID-19 was associated with depressive symptomatology (OR, 1.369). The COVID-19 pandemic can have serious repercussions on the mental health of adolescents. It is important to generate interventions to meet the needs of youth during the post-confinement period.

Perspectivas y tendencias actuales del concepto de alienación parental: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Current perspectives and trends of the concept of parental alienation: a systematic review of the literature

Resumen: Antecedentes: Son diversos las/os investigadoras/es que se han interesado por el fenómeno de la alienación parental. No obstante, esta compleja dinámica relacional no ha estado exenta de controversias. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de las perspectivas y tendencias actuales del concepto de alienación parental, sus características y efectos en la población que experimentan estas circunstancias. Método: Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA-P para llevar a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de artículos publicados entre el año 2016 y junio de 2020 en revistas indexadas Scopus y/o WOS. Se contemplaron 95 estudios, de los cuales 11 fueron considerados para la revisión, de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión preestablecidos. Se identificó un amplio campo investigativo en el cual se circunscribe la alienación parental, como dinámica relacional. Resultados: Los 11 estudios seleccionados establecían relaciones entre la experiencia de alienación parental e indicadores de salud mental, tanto en niños, niñas, adolescentes, como adultos que experimentan o experimentaron estas dinámicas. Así también, se relacionó con maltrato psicológico. Conclusiones: La alienación parental es un fenómeno con una importante prevalencia en la población y se ha vinculado con un deterioro en la salud mental de las personas que la experimentan o la han experimentado.

Abstract: Background: Several researchers have been interested in the phenomenon of parental alienation. However, this complex relational dynamic has not been without controversy. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of current perspectives and trends on the concept of parental alienation, its characteristics and effects on the population experiencing these circumstances. Method: PRISMA-P methodology was used to conduct an exhaustive literature search of articles published between 2016 and June 2020 in Scopus and/or WOS indexed journals. Ninety-five studies were contemplated, of which 11 were considered for the review, according to the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. A broad field of research was identified in which parental alienation is circumscribed as a relational dynamic. Results: The 11 selected studies established relationships between the experience of parental alienation and mental health indicators, both in children, adolescents and adults who experience or have experienced these dynamics. Thus, it was also related to psychological maltreatment. Conclusions: Parental alienation is a phenomenon with a significant prevalence in the population and has been linked to a deterioration in the mental health of people who experience or have experienced it.

Wearable Wireless Body Area Networks for Medical Applications.

In recent times, there has been a significant growth in networks known as the wireless body area networks (WBANs). A WBAN connects distributed nodes throughout the human body, which can be placed on the skin, under the skin, or on clothing and can use the human body's electromagnetic waves. An approach to reduce the size of different telecommunication equipment is constantly being sought; this allows these devices to be closer to the body or even glued and embedded within the skin without making the user feel uncomfortable or posing as a danger for the user. These networks promise new medical applications; however, these are always based on the freedom of movement and the comfort they offer. Among the advantages of these networks is that they can significantly increase user's quality of life. For example, a person can carry a WBAN with built-in sensors that calculate the user's heart rate at any given time and send these data over the internet to user's doctor. This study provides a systematic review of WBAN, describing the applications and trends that have been developed with this type of network and, in addition, the protocols and standards that must be considered.

Adaptation of an effective school-based sexual health promotion program for youth in Colombia.

RATIONALE: Given the disproportionate impact of HIV and STIs among youth in Latin America, there is a compelling need for effective sex education programs. In particular, Colombia lacks a nationally standardized youth sex education program, despite the fact that 15 to 24-year-olds accounted for the highest incidence and prevalence rates of HIV and STIs in the nation. In an attempt to fill this void, our team adapted COMPAS, a Spanish school-based sexual health promotion intervention, for Colombian adolescents. OBJECTIVE: This study describes the adaptation process that resulted in a modified version of COMPAS for youth in Colombia. METHOD: We employed a systematic cultural adaptation process utilizing a mixed methods approach, including intervention adaptation sessions with 100 young adolescents aged 15-19. The process included six steps: 1) consulting international researchers and community stakeholders; 2) capturing the lived experiences of a diverse sample of colombian youth; 3) identifying priorities and areas in need of improvement; 4) integrating the social cognitive theory, information-motivation-behavioral skills model, and an ecological framework for colombian youth; 5) adapting intervention content, activities, and materials; and 6) quantitative evaluation of COMPAS by Colombian youth. RESULTS: The adapted intervention incorporates elements common to effective youth sex education interventions, including: a solid theoretical foundation, sexual communication skills and social support for protection, and guidance on how to utilize available cultural- and linguistic-appropriate services. In addition, the adapted intervention incorporates cultural and linguistic appropriate content, including an emphasis on tackling machismo to promote risk reduction behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic adaptation approach to sexual health intervention for youth can be employed by researchers and community stakeholders in low-resource settings for the promotion of health wellness, linkage to care, and STI and unplanned pregnancy prevention for youth.

Reversión de la ligadura de trompas por microcirugía: resultados reproductivos en 115 casos / Microsurgical reversal of fallopian tube ligation: fertility outcome in 115 cases

Objetivo: describir los resultados en fertilidad de la reversión microquirúrgica de la ligadura de trompas y las causas de su solicitud. Determinar si las tasas de embarazos se relacionan con la edad de las pacientes y la longitud útil de las trompas. Diseño: cohorte descriptiva de seguimiento. Pacientes e intervención: entre enero de 1984 y enero de 2001, a 127 pacientes el mismo cirujano les practicó reversión de su ligadura de trompas, utilizando técnica microquirúrgica. Se incluyeron pacientes con edad menor de 38 años, progesterona mesoluteínica mayor de 15 ng/ml, longitud útil de trompas mayor de 5 cm a la laparoscopia diagnóstica, espermograma y prueba postcoito normales. Se excluyeron pacientes esterilizadas con fimbriectomía. Se siguieron por dos o más años. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS. Resultados: las parincipales indicaciones para solicitar reversión fueron nueva unión (50,4 por ciento); deseo de más hijos (35.7 por ciento); muerte de hijos (10,4 por ciento), razones psicológicas (1,7 por ciento) y motivos religiosos (1,7 por ciento). Se siguieron por más de dos años 115 pacientes (92 por ciento). La tasa global de embarazos fue del 72,17 por ciento (83/115), de las cuales 10,4 por ciento se embarazó dos veces (12/115). Tasa acumulada de embarazos máxima a los 10,7 meses. Tasa de partos 65,2 por ciento (75/115) con 77 nacimientos. Tasa de abortos 12,2 por ciento (14/115). Y tasa de ectópicos 5,2 por ciento (6/115). Conclusiones: la reversión de la ligadura de trompas con técnica microquirúrgica es una opción para recuperar la fertilidad en pacientes menores de 38 años, con longitud final de trompas mayor de 5 cm y sin presencia de otros factores de infertilidad.