[Management of induced diplopia after orbital decompression: study of 87 interventions in 51 patients]. / Prise en charge des diplopies induites dans les décompressions orbitaires : étude de 87 interventions chez 51 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early strabismus treatment in patients suffering from diplopia after orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a chart review of 51 patients (87 orbits) who underwent orbital decompression from July 1998 to June 2007. Ocular deviations, incidence of diplopia according to the type of decompression performed and the type and results of strabismus surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: Diplopia was induced by decompression in 34.2% of patients, with no statistically significant difference with respect to the type of decompression performed. Forty-nine percent of patients had postoperative diplopia. Strabismus surgery was performed on average 10.9weeks after decompression. Diplopia persisted in two patients (8%). CONCLUSION: Early strabismus surgery and the intraoperative relaxed muscle positioning technique appear to provide favorable results. It allows for a more rapid rehabilitation. Better adapted choice of decompression technique may improve final outcomes.

Parental crowding influences life-history traits in Locusta migratoria females.

Parental environments could play an important role in controlling insect outbreaks, provided they influence changes in physiological, developmental or behavioural life-history traits related to fluctuations in population density. However, the potential implication of parental influence in density-related changes in life-history traits remains unclear in many insects that exhibit fluctuating population dynamics, particularly locusts. In this study, we report a laboratory experiment, which enabled us to characterize the life-history trait modifications induced by parental crowding of female individuals from a frequently outbreaking population of Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). We found that a rearing history of crowding led to reduced female oviposition times and increased offspring size but did not affect the developmental time, survival, fecundity, and the sex-ratio and the number of offspring. Because all studied females were raised in a common environment (isolation conditions), these observed reproductive differences are due to trans-generational effects induced by density. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of the observed density-dependent parental effects on the life-history of L. migratoria.

[Ophthalmic arteries originating from external carotid arteries]. / Artères ophtalmiques issues des carotides externes. A propos d'un cas.

The ophthalmic artery arises from the internal carotid at the level of the carotid siphon; in 3.5-5% of the population, it arises from the middle meningeal artery, a branch of the internal maxillary artery, terminal of the external carotid artery. We report a rare case of bilateral malformation in a 28-year-old patient. Our study covers the possible dual origin of orbital blood vascularization. This variation in the anatomic distribution is important to know, particularly if embolization is intended as inadvertent occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, because it may lead to permanent loss of vision.

[Tumors of the eyelids in the elderly]. / Les tumeurs des paupières des personnes âgées.

The clinical aspect of tumors of the eyelids is polymorphous; however, the most frequent are benign tumors such as papillomas, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, meibomian gland carcinoma, and melanomas. An important step in the management of the malignant types is to try to establish clear margins through histopathologic techniques: the Mohs technique, the rapid fixation technique, and the frozen section method are the most frequent technical tools used today. For the most malignant tumors such as malignant melanoma and Merkel cell tumor, lymph sentinel biopsy is a recent, valuable tool, but its benefit needs to be confirmed in large series.

Evaluation of sunscreen protection in human melanocytes exposed to UVA or UVB irradiation using the alkaline comet assay.

The in vivo assessment of sunscreen protection does not include the photogenotoxicity of UVA or UVB solar radiation. Using the comet assay we have developed a simple and rapid technique to quantify sunscreen efficacy against DNA damage induced by UV light. Cutaneous human melanocytes from primary cultures were embedded in low-melting point (LPM) agarose and exposed to UVA (0.8 J/cm2) or to UVB (0.06 J/cm2) through a quartz slide covered with 10 microL volumes of sunscreens. DNA single-strand breaks induced directly by UVA at 4 degrees C and indirectly through nucleotide excision repair by UVB following a 35 min incubation period at 37 degrees C were quantified using the comet assay. Tail moments (TM) (tail length x %tail DNA) of 100 cells/sample were determined by image analysis. DNA damage was evaluated with a nonlinear regression analysis on the normalized distribution frequencies of TM using a chi 2 function. The coefficients of genomic protection (CGP) were defined as the percentage of inhibition of DNA lesions caused by the sunscreens. Twenty-one sunscreens were evaluated, and the calculated CGP were compared with the in vivo sun protective factor (SPF) and with the protection factor UVA (PFA). Nonlinear relationships were found between SPF and CGPUVB and between PFA and CGPUVA.