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1.
Ann Chir Plast Esthet ; 68(5-6): 468-476, 2023 Nov.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37648588

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth, and who has a female gender identity. The majority are requesting a gender affirming genital surgery by vulvo-vaginoplasty. The objective is to review this surgery based on its history, then by presenting the different surgical techniques and their success and complication rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A narrative review was performed, based on a bibliography search with keywords from 2000 to 2022 on Pubmed. RESULTS: Vulvo-vaginoplasty for trans women began in 1931, and the first case series date from 1969. The procedure includes excision of scrotal skin, orchiectomy, clitoroplasty, urethroplasty, labioplasty, recto-vesico-prostatic dissection and creation of a vaginal cavity (performed by penile skin inversion and graft, intestine, or peritoneum). Vulvo-vaginoplasty by penile skin inversion (VPPI) is today the reference surgical technique. It represents the vast majority of surgeries performed with the longest follow-up. The majority of trans women are satisfied with the procedure aesthetically (90%) and functionally (80%), with an active sexuality. Major complications are rare (< 5%), they correspond to fistulas or vaginal stenosis. CONCLUSION: VPPI is the gold standard technique with satisfactory overall results, but long-term follow-up is requested.

2.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 38(2): 81-87, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407773

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El aumento de la concentración de dímero-D en pacientes COVID-19 se ha asociado a mayor gravedad y peor pronóstico; sin embargo, su rol en predecir el diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP), aún es incierto. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad del dímero-D plasmático en el diagnóstico de TEP en pacientes con COVID-19. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico. Se incluyó a pacientes COVID-19 que tenían una angiotomografía computada de tórax (AngioTAC). Se registraron datos clínicos, niveles plasmáticos de dímero-D de ingreso y previo al momento de realizar la AngioTAC. Se identificó la presencia o ausencia de TEP. Resultados: Se incluyeron 163 pacientes; 37(23%) presentaron TEP. Al comparar la serie de pacientes con TEP versus sin TEP, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en características clínicas, ni mortalidad. Hubo diferencias significativas en el nivel plasmático del dímero-D previo a realizar la AngioTAC (3.929 versus 1.912 μg/L; p = 0,005). El área bajo la curva ROC del dímero-D para TEPfue de 0,65. El mejor punto de corte del dímero-D fue de 2.000 μg/L, con una baja sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo. El valor de corte con el mejor valor predictivo negativo (VPN)fue de 900 μg/L (96%), el cual fue mejor que la estrategia de corte de dímero D ajustado por edad (VPN 90%). Conclusión: La capacidad discriminativa del dímero D para diagnosticar TEP fue baja. En cambio, el dímero D mantiene un alto valor predictivo negativo para descartar TEP, el cual es mayor al valor descrito clásicamente en los pacientes no COVID.


Introduction: Increased D-dimer concentration in COVID-19 patients has been associated with greater severity and worse prognosis; however its role in predicting the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), is still uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of plasma D-dimer in the diagnosis of PTE in patients with COVID-19. Method: Analytical observational study. COVID-19 patients who had a chest computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included. Clinical data, Ddimer plasma levels on admission and prior to CTA were recorded. The presence or absence of PTE was identified. Results: 163 patients were included, 37 (23%) presented PTE. After comparing the series of patients with PTE versus the series without PTE, no significant differences were found in clinical characteristics or mortality. There were significant differences in the plasma level of D-dimer prior to performing CTA (3,929 μg/L versus. 1,912 μg/L; p = 0.005). The area under the D-dimer ROC curve for PTEprediction was 0.65. The best D-dimer cutoffpoint was 2.000μg/L, with a low sensitivity and positivepredictive value. The cutoff value with the best negativepredictive value (NPV) was 900 μg/L (96%), which was better than the age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff strategy (NPV 90%). Conclusion: The discriminative ability of D-dimer to diagnose PTE was low. In contrast, D-dimer maintains a high negative predictive value to rule out PTE, which is higher than the value classically described in non-COVID patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/blood , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis , COVID-19/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Biomarkers/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Computed Tomography Angiography
3.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 32(4): 233-243, dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507926

ABSTRACT

Inhalation of tobacco smoke is a risk factor for developing respiratory diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and many cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a new group of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) related to cigarette smoking (SR-ILD) have been described. This group includes pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, respiratory bronchiolitis, smoking-associated interstitial fibrosis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia. The diagnosis is usually difficult, and the use ofsome clinical clues, high-resolution computerized tomography, and histopathologic findings in lung biopsy could help to differentiate between the various entities. We present a report of clinical cases of patients with SR-ILD seen in our center, and a review of the literature of the above entities.


La inhalación del humo de tabaco es un factor de riesgo conocido para el desarrollo de enfermedades respiratorias como la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, el cáncer pulmonar y algunas enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se ha descrito un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares difusas (EPD), particularmente asociadas al tabaquismo (EPD-TBQ), entre ellas, la histiocitosis pulmonar de Langerhans (PLCH), la bronquiolitis respiratoria (BR), la neumonía intersticial descamativa (DIP) y recientemente la fibrosis intersticial relacionada a tabaco (SRIF). El diagnóstico suele ser complejo, y la utilización de algunas claves diagnósticas, en conjunto a la tomografía computarizada de tórax de alta resolución y los hallazgos histopatológicos de la biopsia pulmonar, pueden ayudar a diferenciar entre las distintas entidades. Se presenta a continuación, una serie de viñetas clínicas de pacientes con EPD-TBQ, atendidos en nuestro centro, y una revisión de la bibliografía sobre cada una de ellas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Tobacco Use Disorder/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
14.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 22 Suppl 1: s26-231, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16163416

ABSTRACT

Community acquired pneumonia in adults is an acute disease characterized by worsening in general conditions, fever, chills, cough, mucopurulent sputum and dyspnea; associated with tachycardia, tachypnea, fever and focal signs in pulmonary examination. The probability of pneumonia in a patient with acute respiratory symptoms depends on the disease prevalence in the environment where it is acquired and on clinical features. It is estimated that pneumonia prevalence is 3-5% in patients with respiratory disease seen in outpatient facilities. Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia without radiological confirmation lacks specificity because clinical presentation (history and physical examination) does not allow to differentiate pneumonia from other acute respiratory diseases (upper respiratory infections, bronchitis, influenza). Diagnosis must be based in clinical-radiological findings: clinical history and physical examination suggest the presence of pulmonary infection but accurate diagnosis is established when chest X ray confirms the existence of pulmonary infiltrates. Clinical findings and chest X ray do not permit to predict with certainty the etiology of pulmonary infection. Radiology is useful to confirm clinical suspicion, it establishes pneumonia location, its extension and severity; furthermore, it allows differentiation between pneumonia and other diseases, to detect possible complications, and may be useful in follow up of high risk patients. The resolution of radiological infiltrates often ensues several weeks or months after clinical recovery, especially in the elderly and in multilobar pneumonia cared for in intensive care units.


Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , Radiography
15.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 21(3): 193-199, sep. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-453790

ABSTRACT

Amyloidosis is a generic term for a group of diseases that share the common feature of extracelular deposit of pathologic proteins. Systemic and localized forms are recognized. Both can produce pulmonary involvement. The current classification is based on the nature of the precursor of the amyloid. It is an infrequent condition, in USA the incidence is 5.1 to 12.8 per million of people. We present a case of a 32 years old male, obese, light smoker with Diabetes Mellitus 2, asymptomatic, with a pneumonia and poor response to treatment. The first diagnostic approach was a malignant disease and the histological study showed Amyloidosis. The analysis of the case suggest the diagnosis of tracheobronchial amyloidosis.


La amiloidosis es un término genérico para un conjunto de enfermedades que comparten como hecho común el depósito extracelular de proteínas patológicas. A grandes rasgos se divide en sistémica y localizada. Ambas pueden presentar compromiso pulmonar. Actualmente, su clasificación, se basa en las proteínas precursoras del amiloide. Es una patología poco frecuente, reportándose en USA una incidencia de 5,1 a 12,8 por millón de personas. Presentamos un caso de un enfermo de 32 años de edad obeso con antecedentes de tabaquismo y Diabetes Mellitus 2, asintomático que frente a una neumonía con mala respuesta al tratamiento se plantea una patología maligna y el estudio histológico demuestra amiloidosis. El análisis del caso clínico configura el diagnostico de Amiloidosis localizada endobronquial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Amyloidosis/diagnosis , Bronchial Diseases/diagnosis , Tracheal Diseases/diagnosis , Bronchoscopy , Radiography, Thoracic , Congo Red , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
16.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 21(2): 89-94, abr. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627139

ABSTRACT

Community acquired pneumonia in adults is an acute disease characterized by worsening in general conditions, fever, chills, cough, mucopurulent sputum and dyspnea; associated with tachycardia, tachypnea, fever and focal signs in pulmonary examination. The probability of pneumonia in a patient with acute respiratory symptoms depends on the disease prevalence in the environment where it is acquired and on clinical features. It is estimated that pneumonia prevalence is 3-5% in patients with respiratory disease seen in outpatient facilities. Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia without radiological confirmation lacks specificity because clinical presentation (history and physical examination) does not allow to differentiate pneumonia from other acute respiratory diseases (upper respiratory infections, bronchitis, influenza). Diagnosis must be based in clinical-radiological findings: clinical history and physical examination suggest the presence of pulmonary infection but accurate diagnosis is established when chest X ray confirms the existence of pulmonary infiltrates. Clinical findings and chest X ray do not permit to predict with certainty the etiology of pulmonary infection. Radiology is useful to confirm clinical suspicion, it establishes pneumonia location, its extension and severity; furthermore, it allows differentiation between pneumonia and other diseases, to detect possible complications, and may be useful in follow up of high risk patients. The resolution of radiological infiltrates often ensues several weeks or months after clinical recovery, especially in the elderly and in multilobar pneumonia cared for in intensive care units.


La neumonía del adulto adquirida en la comunidad es un cuadro de evolución aguda, caracterizado por compromiso del estado general, fiebre, calofríos, tos, expectoración mucopurulenta y dificultad respiratoria; asociado en el examen físico a taquicardia, taquipnea, fiebre y signos focales en el examen pulmonar. La probabilidad que un paciente con síntomas respiratorios agudos tenga una neumonía depende de la prevalencia de la enfermedad en el ambiente donde se presenta y de las manifestaciones clínicas del enfermo. Se estima que la prevalencia de neumonía en los servicios de atención ambulatoria corresponde a 3-5% de las consultas por patología respiratoria. El diagnóstico clínico de neumonía sin confirmación radiográfica carece de precisión ya que el cuadro clínico (historia y examen físico) no permite diferenciar con certeza al paciente con neumonía de otras condiciones respiratorias agudas (infecciones de la vía aérea superior, bronquitis, influenza). El diagnóstico de neumonía es clínico-radiográfico: la historia y examen físico sugieren la presencia de una infección pulmonar, pero el diagnóstico de certeza se establece cuando se confirma la presencia de infiltrados pulmonares en la radiografía de tórax. El cuadro clínico y los hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax no permiten predecir con certeza el agente etiológico de la infección pulmonar. La radiografía de tórax permite confirmar el diagnóstico clínico, establecer su localización, extensión y gravedad; además permite diferenciar la neumonía de otras patologías, detectar posibles complicaciones, y puede ser útil en el seguimiento de los pacientes de alto riesgo. La resolución de los infiltrados radiográficos a menudo ocurre varias semanas o meses después de la mejoría clínica, especialmente en el anciano y en la neumonía multilobar manejada en la UCI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia/diagnostic imaging , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnostic imaging , Signs and Symptoms , Diagnosis, Differential
17.
18.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 22(supl.1): S26-S31, 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-453495

ABSTRACT

Community acquired pneumonia in adults is an acute disease characterized by worsening in general conditions, fever, chills, cough, mucopurulent sputum and dyspnea; associated with tachycardia, tachypnea, fever and focal signs in pulmonary examination. The probability of pneumonia in a patient with acute respiratory symptoms depends on the disease prevalence in the environment where it is acquired and on clinical features. It is estimated that pneumonia prevalence is 3-5% in patients with respiratory disease seen in outpatient facilities. Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia without radiological confirmation lacks specificity because clinical presentation (history and physical examination) does not allow to differentiate pneumonia from other acute respiratory diseases (upper respiratory infections, bronchitis, influenza). Diagnosis must be based in clinical-radiological findings: clinical history and physical examination suggest the presence of pulmonary infection but accurate diagnosis is established when chest X ray confirms the existence of pulmonary infiltrates. Clinical findings and chest X ray do not permit to predict with certainty the etiology of pulmonary infection. Radiology is useful to confirm clinical suspicion, it establishes pneumonia location, its extension and severity; furthermore, it allows differentiation between pneumonia and other diseases, to detect possible complications, and may be useful in follow up of high risk patients. The resolution of radiological infiltrates often ensues several weeks or months after clinical recovery, especially in the elderly and in multilobar pneumonia cared for in intensive care units


La neumonía del adulto adquirida en la comunidad es un cuadro de evolución aguda, caracterizado por compromiso del estado general, fiebre, calofríos, tos, expectoración mucopurulenta y dificultad respiratoria; asociado en el examen físico a taquicardia, taquipnea, fiebre y signos focales en el examen pulmonar. La probabilidad que un paciente con síntomas respiratorios agudos tenga una neumonía depende de la prevalencia de la enfermedad en el ambiente donde se presenta y de las manifestaciones clínicas del enfermo. Se estima que la prevalencia de neumonía en los servicios de atención ambulatoria corresponde a 3-5% de las consultas por patología respiratoria. El diagnóstico clínico de neumonía sin confirmación radiográfica carece de precisión ya que el cuadro clínico (historia y examen físico) no permite diferenciar con certeza al paciente con neumonía de otras condiciones respiratorias agudas (infecciones de la vía aérea superior, bronquitis, influenza). El diagnóstico de neumonía es clínico-radiográfico: la historia y examen físico sugieren la presencia de una infección pulmonar, pero el diagnóstico de certeza se establece cuando se confirma la presencia de infiltrados pulmonares en la radiografía de tórax. El cuadro clínico y los hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax no permiten predecir con certeza el agente etiológico de la infección pulmonar. La radiografía de tórax permite confirmar el diagnóstico clínico, establecer su localización, extensión y gravedad; además permite diferenciar la neumonía de otras patologías, detectar posibles complicaciones, y puede ser útil en el seguimiento de los pacientes de alto riesgo. La resolución de los infiltrados radiográficos a menudo ocurre varias semanas o meses después de la mejoría clínica, especialmente en el anciano y en la neumonía multilobar manejada en la UCI


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections , Pneumonia, Bacterial
20.
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