ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to characterize the chlorogenic acid (ChlA) capacity to reverse the toxic effects induced by ochratoxin A (OTA) in a subacute toxicity test in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed orally by gavage for 28 days with OTA (0.4mg/kg bw/day), ChlA (5mg/kg bw/day) or the combination OTA (0.4mg/kg bw/day)+ChlA (5mg/kg bw/day). No deaths, no decrease in feed intake or body weight in any experimental group were recorded. The negative control group and the animals treated with ChlA alone showed no changes in any parameters evaluated. In OTA-treated group significant changes such as decrease in urine volume, proteinuria, occult blood, increase in serum creatinine values; decrease in absolute and relative kidney weight and characteristics histopathological lesions that indicated kidney damage were observed. However, limited effect on oxidative stress parameters were detected in kidneys of OTA-treated group. Animals treated with the combination OTA+ChlA were showed as negative control group in the evaluation of several parameters of toxicity. In conclusion, ChlA, at given concentration, improved biochemical parameters altered in urine and serum and pathological damages in kidneys induced by OTA exposure, showing a good protective activity, but not by an apparent antioxidant mechanism.
Subject(s)
Carcinogens/toxicity , Hydroxybenzoates/pharmacology , Ochratoxins/toxicity , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Kidney/drug effects , Male , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Toxicity Tests, ChronicABSTRACT
In this work we extend the toxicological studies of hot aqueous extract of A. satureioides (As-HAE) evaluating cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also determine genotoxic action of this extract in vivo. In addition, the extract was chemically characterized. Finally, we established a comparison with previous data of cold aqueous extract. The As-HAE induced cytotoxicity on PBMCs determined by trypan blue dye exclusion (CC50 = 653 µg/mL) and MTT (CC50 = 588 µg/mL) assays being more toxic than cold extract. However, As-HAE as well as cold extract did not induce apoptosis measured by Hoechst 33258 staining, TUNEL assay, and DNA fragmentation analysis. The in vivo micronucleus test showed that As-HAE exerted cytogenotoxic effects on bone marrow of mice, contrary to what was observed with cold extract. The chemical study of As-HAE allowed identifying the flavonoids found in cold extract: luteolin, quercetin, and 3-O-methylquercetin, but at higher concentrations. We suggest that toxic effects induced by As-HAE could be due to high concentrations of these flavonoids. Given that As-HAE is the most used in folkloric medicine, its administration should be controlled in order to prevent potential cell damage.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/pharmacology , Luteolin/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Achyrocline/chemistry , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , DNA Damage/drug effects , DNA Fragmentation/drug effects , Flavonoids/chemistry , Humans , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Luteolin/isolation & purification , Mice , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Quercetin/isolation & purification , Quercetin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of luteolin (L), chlorogenic acid (ChlA) and caffeic acid (CafA) against cyto-genotoxic effects caused by OTA. Vero cells and rat lymphocytes were used and viability was measured by neutral red uptake, MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion method. L (50 and 100µg/mL), ChlA (100 and 200µg/mL) and CafA (10-50µg/mL) reduced the damage induced by OTA (10µg/mL) on both cells type shown a good protective effect. The comet and micronucleus tests in Balb/c mice were performed. ChlA (10mg/kg bw) reduced OTA (0.85mg/kg bw)-induced DNA damage on blood and bone marrow cells, CafA (10mg/kg bw) showed protective effect only in blood cells and luteolin (2.5mg/kg bw) failed to protect DNA integrity on cells. In conclusion, polyphenols tested reduced the toxicity caused by OTA on different target cells with good protective effect, being ChlA the compound that showed the best effects.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Carcinogens/toxicity , DNA Damage/drug effects , Ochratoxins/toxicity , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Animals , Caffeic Acids/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chlorocebus aethiops , Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology , Luteolin/pharmacology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Organ Specificity , Rats , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Acacia aroma, native plant from San Luis, Argentina, is commonly used as antiseptic and for healing of wounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hot aqueous extract (HAE) and ethanolic extract (EE) of A. aroma. The cytotoxic activity was assayed by neutral red uptake assay on Vero cell. Cell treatment with a range from 100 to 5000 µg/mL of HAE and EE showed that 500 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL were the maximum noncytotoxic concentrations, respectively. The CC50 was 658 µg/mL for EE and 1020 µg/mL for HAE. The genotoxicity was tested by the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay. The results obtained in the evaluation of DNA cellular damage exposed to varied concentrations of the HAE showed no significant genotoxic effect at range of 1-20 mg/mL. The EE at 20 mg/mL showed moderate genotoxic effect related to the increase of the DNA percentage contained in tail of the comet; DNA was classified in category 2. At concentrations below 5 mg/mL, the results of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Acacia aroma guarantee the safety at cell and genomic level. However further studies are needed for longer periods including animal models to confirm the findings.
Subject(s)
Acacia/chemistry , Mutagens/toxicity , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Adult , Animals , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Shape/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chlorocebus aethiops , DNA Damage , Humans , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Achyrocline satureioides is widely consumed as infusion or aperitif and shows important therapeutic properties. Previously, we reported absence of genotoxicity of cold aqueous extract (CAE) of A. satureioides by Allium test. However, one test cannot predict the genotoxic effects of a substance. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptotic ability of CAE of A. satureioides. In addition, CAE was chemically characterized. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by Trypan blue and MTT assays. The apoptotic capacity was evaluated by Hoechst staining and DNA fragmentation-analysis. The genotoxicity was studied by comet assay (CA) and micronucleus test. The identification and quantification of flavonoids were performed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The cytotoxicity studies indicated low toxicity of CAE. In addition, CAE did not induce apoptotic effects on human PBMCs. CAE did not show genotoxicity in vitro against Vero cells, at 10-50 µg/mL. CAE did not induce in vivo genotoxic effects, but it showed at high concentrations cytotoxicity by micronucleus assay. CAE presented flavonoids such as quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin and luteolin. In conclusion, A. satureioides at popularly concentrations used, in aperitif or infusion, can be consumed safely because did not show any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects.
Subject(s)
Achyrocline/chemistry , Apoptosis/drug effects , DNA Damage/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Comet Assay , DNA Fragmentation , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Humans , Lethal Dose 50 , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Luteolin/analysis , Luteolin/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Micronucleus Tests , Plant Extracts/analysis , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Quercetin/analysis , Quercetin/pharmacology , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Vero CellsABSTRACT
The vacA and cagA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori exhibited distinct geographic distribution and correlation with severity of disease. In the above genotypes (obtained from 150 H. pylori-positive patients--139 with gastritis, 10 with ulcer and 1 patient with gastric cancer) combinations vacA s1/m1 and s2/m2 were detected using PCR in 75 and 25% of isolates, respectively, in patients with chronic gastritis. The of s1/m1 and s2/m2 combinations were also detected from ulcers (60 and 40%, respectively). The cagA was detected in 30% of isolates. Concentrated culture supernatants of 7 (64%) out of 11 H. pylori strains induced vacuolization in Vero cells in titers ranging from 1:5 to 1:40. The vacA s1 genotype was significantly associated with, but not predictive of the presence of vacuolating cytotoxin activity and the cagA gene.
Subject(s)
Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter pylori/genetics , Stomach Diseases/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Argentina/epidemiology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Cytotoxins/biosynthesis , Gastroscopy , Genotype , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Humans , Middle Aged , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stomach Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling is a South American traditional medicinal herb used as digestive, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory and bronchial dilator agent among other uses. Its anti-microbial activity against staphylococcal strains and its anti-viral properties against HVS-1 and strain RC/79 of PrV have been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunomodulating ability of M. verticillata decoction and essential oil. As a complementary study, the main constituents of the essential oil were identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocyte-proliferating activity of both vegetal derivatives was tested and compared with cellular expansion induced by PHA, Pokeweed, CGB in cytomorphological study. A non-stimulate culture was used as control reference. The score of lymphocyte clusters and colonies was performed using the method described by Lange. Among proliferated cells, LT CD8+ subpopulation was characterized by direct immunofluorescence. The in vitro degranulant ability of the vegetal fractions was tested on basophils from allergic and non-allergic individuals sensitized to environmental fungi. Essential oil components of M. verticillata were identified by gas chromatography technique. RESULTS: M. verticillata derivatives reached higher proliferation levels compared to non-stimulated cultures, showed mitogenic activity and induced cluster and colony formation similar to PHA, Pokeweed and CGB. Cells that proliferated after stimulation with derivatives showed 40% of LT CD8+. Tested concentrations of decoction and essential oil did not reach minimum degranulation indexes over basophils, from both allergic and non-allergic individuals. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of pulegone and menthone as the main constituents. CONCLUSIONS: M. verticillata derivatives were mitogenic over LT, inducing significant cluster and colony formation. There was no evidence of degranulating ability over basophils at the concentrations tested. We assume that the derivatives from M. verticillata would induce Th1 deviation in cellular cultures from allergic patients, which would diminish hypersensitivity reactions. Some of the compounds of the essential oil revealed by gas chromatography analysis may be responsible of the biological activity of these products.
Subject(s)
Basophils/drug effects , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Adolescent , Adult , Basophil Degranulation Test , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromatography, Gas , Colony-Forming Units Assay , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Humans , Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification , Infant , Lectins/pharmacology , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Male , Medicine, Traditional , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/isolation & purification , Plant Stems/chemistry , South America , WaterABSTRACT
Antecedentes. La decocción y el aceite esencial de Minthostachys verticillata han demostrado efectos antimicrobianos sobre el género Staphylococcus y propiedad antiherpéticas. Objetivos. Determinar la capacidad inmunogénica de la decocción vegetal en inmunizaciones experimentales. Investigar la capacidad proliferativa de linfocitos estimulados con derivados de M. verticillata. Evaluar los efectos de la dococción sobre el mitógeno pokeweed (PWM). Detectar y cuantificar LT CD8+ y LB en células proliferadas provenientes de niños alérgicos con infección VHS-1. Materiales y métodos. Se inmunizaron 2 conejos con la decocción. Se evaluaron los anticuerpos por precipitación y hemaglutinación pasiva. Se estudió la proliferación de linfocitos de 25 pacientes de 2 a 14 años, 15 alérgicos con lesiones de Herpes Simplex Tipo 1 (VHS-1) y 10 controles. Las células fueron estimuladas con a) decocción, b) aceite esencial, c) PWM, d) decocción + PWM, e) control. Se caracterizaron y cuantificaron LT CD8+ y LB por IFD. Resultados. La decocción indujo la síntesis de anticuerpos no precipitantes y hemaglutinantes de glóbulos rojos de carnero. Los linfocitos de los pacientes con VHS-1 mostraron niveles linfoproliferativos más elevados(p<0,01). La decocción y el aceite mostraron efectos mitogénicos similares a PWM. El agregado simultáneo de decocción y PWM redujo la proliferación alcamzada por cada uno (p<0,001) tanto en infectados como en controles. Entre células proliferadas se caracterizaron LT CD8+ y LB. Conclusión. La decocción fue inmunogénica, los anticuerpos tuvieron características de coprecipitantes. Los derivados de M. verticillata mostraron propiedades mitogénicas similares a PWM. La decocción inhibió los efectos de PWM
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Rabbits , Infant , Child , Mitogens , Plants, Medicinal , Adjuvants, Immunologic , B-Lymphocytes , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Immune SystemABSTRACT
Antecedentes. La decocción y el aceite esencial de Minthostachys verticillata han demostrado efectos antimicrobianos sobre el género Staphylococcus y propiedad antiherpéticas. Objetivos. Determinar la capacidad inmunogénica de la decocción vegetal en inmunizaciones experimentales. Investigar la capacidad proliferativa de linfocitos estimulados con derivados de M. verticillata. Evaluar los efectos de la dococción sobre el mitógeno pokeweed (PWM). Detectar y cuantificar LT CD8+ y LB en células proliferadas provenientes de niños alérgicos con infección VHS-1. Materiales y métodos. Se inmunizaron 2 conejos con la decocción. Se evaluaron los anticuerpos por precipitación y hemaglutinación pasiva. Se estudió la proliferación de linfocitos de 25 pacientes de 2 a 14 años, 15 alérgicos con lesiones de Herpes Simplex Tipo 1 (VHS-1) y 10 controles. Las células fueron estimuladas con a) decocción, b) aceite esencial, c) PWM, d) decocción + PWM, e) control. Se caracterizaron y cuantificaron LT CD8+ y LB por IFD. Resultados. La decocción indujo la síntesis de anticuerpos no precipitantes y hemaglutinantes de glóbulos rojos de carnero. Los linfocitos de los pacientes con VHS-1 mostraron niveles linfoproliferativos más elevados(p<0,01). La decocción y el aceite mostraron efectos mitogénicos similares a PWM. El agregado simultáneo de decocción y PWM redujo la proliferación alcamzada por cada uno (p<0,001) tanto en infectados como en controles. Entre células proliferadas se caracterizaron LT CD8+ y LB. Conclusión. La decocción fue inmunogénica, los anticuerpos tuvieron características de coprecipitantes. Los derivados de M. verticillata mostraron propiedades mitogénicas similares a PWM. La decocción inhibió los efectos de PWM (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Rabbits , Infant , Child , Plants, Medicinal/immunology , Mitogens , Adjuvants, Immunologic , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , B-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Immune System/drug effectsABSTRACT
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56%) and menthone (39.51%) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/drug effects , Monoterpenes , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Bacillus cereus/drug effects , Chromatography, Gas , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/physiology , Menthol/analogs & derivatives , Menthol/isolation & purification , Menthol/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Oils/chemistry , Proteus mirabilis/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Simplexvirus/physiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacology , Viral Plaque Assay , Virus Replication/drug effectsABSTRACT
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56) and menthone (39.51) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Herpesvirus 1, Suid , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Simplexvirus , Bacillus cereus , Chromatography, Gas , Escherichia coli , Herpesvirus 1, Suid , Menthol , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Oils/chemistry , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Virus Replication/drug effects , Simplexvirus , Staphylococcus aureus , Terpenes , Viral Plaque AssayABSTRACT
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56) and menthone (39.51) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.(AU)
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/drug effects , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Bacillus cereus/drug effects , Chromatography, Gas , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/physiology , Menthol/analogs & derivatives , Menthol/isolation & purification , Menthol/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Oils/chemistry , Viral Plaque Assay , Proteus mirabilis/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Simplexvirus/physiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacology , Virus Replication/drug effectsABSTRACT
Mitogenic and antigenic lymphocyte stimulation was examined in pigs that had been immunized with 2 inactivated vaccines which had been prepared with Aujesky's disease virus (ADV), strain RC/79. One vaccine was partially purified by ultra-centrifugation (Vaccine A) the other one was not (Vaccine B). A second dose of vaccine had no influence over the blastogenic response when the lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemoagglutinin (PHA). Lymphocyte response to the ADV antigen in the immunized pigs was significantly higher at day 30 post inoculation than at day 0 indicating that it was highly specific. Cellular antigens contained in the viral cultures produced a slight non-specific response as shown by a low increase in the levels of lymphocyte blastic transformation (LBT) in the control group at day 30 p.i., this group only received a non infected Vero cell suspension. This was the case in pigs that received vaccine A as well as in those that were vaccinated with vaccine B. Vaccine B contains a greater quantity of contaminating cellular antigens, since it is an impure vaccine. Such antigens could act as non-specific immunomodulators, potentiating cell-mediated immunity (CMI). This assay demonstrated that inactivated vaccines produced with VPR-RC/79, partially purified and unpurified are capable of inducing a humoral immune response. The blastogenic reaction of the peripheral blood lymphocytes to antigens of ADV strain RC/79, indicated that the employed immunogens also induced the CMI. Results indicate that the analyzed immunogens could be considered for the possible implementation of epidemiological measures, which imply the use of vaccines to prevent pseudo-rabies in Argentina.
Subject(s)
Herpesvirus 1, Suid/immunology , Lymphocyte Activation , Pseudorabies/prevention & control , Sus scrofa/immunology , Swine Diseases/prevention & control , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Animals , Antibody Formation , Antigens, Surface/immunology , Antigens, Viral/immunology , Chlorocebus aethiops , Female , Immunity, Cellular , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/immunology , Male , Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology , Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology , Vaccines, Inactivated/isolation & purification , Vero Cells/immunology , Viral Vaccines/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The effect produced on Vero cell monolayers by toxins derived from Staphylococcus strains was characterized. 210 milk samples taken from dairy cows suffering from sub-clinical mastitis were analyzed. Strains belonging to the Staphylococcus genus were isolated from 73 of these milk samples. The production of toxins was then stimulated from these strains when they were cultured in Dolman's medium. The study of cell cultures showed that 53 toxin samples induced marked and irreversible cellular changes. This is compared to 42 samples (57.5%) which were strongly cytotoxic. The remaining 11 samples were shown to be slowly cytotoxic. 16% of the total toxins did not induce cell damage and 11% of the toxins produced cellular damage that was reversible in less than 24 hrs, and were designated as cytotonic. Haemolytic actively in vitro, using sheep red blood cells, was assessed using toxins that caused alteration in the monolayers. The results indicate that 46.51% of the toxins showed beta haemolytic activity, 2.32% alpha haemolytic activity, and 51.16% showed neither alpha nor beta haemolytic activity. The later type of activity did however cause damage to cultured cells, which suggests that the causative agent could be delta toxin. This study reveals a strong predominance of beta haemolytic strains in the dairy farm studied. These strains induced in vitro cell damage, and it is possible to speculate that mammary gland tissue damage is similarly produced, which may be attributed to both beta and/or delta haemolytic toxins.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology , Milk/chemistry , Staphylococcus/metabolism , Vero Cells/drug effects , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology , Bacterial Toxins/isolation & purification , Cattle , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cytotoxins/isolation & purification , Cytotoxins/pharmacology , Female , Hemolysin Proteins/isolation & purification , Hemolysin Proteins/pharmacology , Hemolysis/drug effects , Mastitis, Bovine/metabolism , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Milk/microbiology , Sheep , Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/isolation & purification , Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Infections/metabolism , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56
) and menthone (39.51
) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
ABSTRACT
DFMO is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxilase (ODC), the key enzyme in mammalian polyamine biosynthesis. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of DFMO on the expression of cyclin A at different stages of the cell cycle of Hep-2 cells. The cell cycle analysis, done by measuring the incorporation of thymidine in the cell DNA, revealed that DFMO produced a lower and constant level of that incorporation; this effect is probably due to the incapacity of the cells to culminate the phase S of the cell cycle. The expression of cyclin A increased in the phases S and G2 in control cells, almost disappearing in phase M. However, in DFMO treated cultures, the expression of cyclin A was increased in M and this effect remained still after 48 h treatment. We conclude that polyamines could exert an effect on the cyclin destruction mechanism, and the depletion caused by DFMO would alter this mechanism.
Subject(s)
Cyclin A/biosynthesis , Eflornithine/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors , Humans , Polyamines/metabolism , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
DFMO is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxilase (ODC), the key enzyme in mammalian polyamine biosynthesis. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of DFMO on the expression of cyclin A at different stages of the cell cycle of Hep-2 cells. The cell cycle analysis, done by measuring the incorporation of thymidine in the cell DNA, revealed that DFMO produced a lower and constant level of that incorporation; this effect is probably due to the incapacity of the cells to culminate the phase S of the cell cycle. The expression of cyclin A increased in the phases S and G2 in control cells, almost disappearing in phase M. However, in DFMO treated cultures, the expression of cyclin A was increased in M and this effect remained still after 48 h treatment. We conclude that polyamines could exert an effect on the cyclin destruction mechanism, and the depletion caused by DFMO would alter this mechanism.
ABSTRACT
The antiviral activity of alcoholic extracts of several species belonging to the Asteraceae, Labiatae, Plantaginaceae, Schizaceae, Umbelliferae, Usneaceae and Verbenaceae families has been studied. The tests were carried out in Vero celís-pseudorabies virus strain RC/79 (herpes suis virus) system. Eight plant extracts (Achyrocline satureioides, Ambrossia tenuifolia, Baccharis articulata, Eupatorium buniifolium, Mynthostachys verticillata, Plantago brasiliensis, Plantago mayor L and Verbascum thapsus) were able to inhibit at least 2 log, the viral infectivity.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Argentina , Chlorocebus aethiops , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/physiology , Vero Cells , Virus Replication/drug effectsABSTRACT
Se evaluó mediante estudio doble ciego la eficacia de Budesonide, glucocorticoide no halogenado en pacientes con rinitis alérgica aguda estacional e hipersensibilidad a ácaros domésticos, pólenes, polvo de cereales, hongos aerógenos y soja. Se estudiaron 56 paientes de ambos sexos, 36 niños y 20 adultos, provenientes de poblaciones cerealeras: Gral. Deheza, Sampacho, Moldes y Río Cuarto. El diagnóstico de terreno alérgico se realizó por historia clínica, examen de mucosa nasal, dosaje de IgE sérica total y estudio de exudado nasal seriado, por técnica de Hansel. El diagnóstico de los alergenos involucrados se realizó por pruebas cutáneas y de degranulación de basófilos. Antes y después de la administración de la droga se estableció una escala de 0 a 6 puntos para evaluación de los síntomas; un punto por presencia de cada síntoma: rinorrea, prurito nasal, estornudos, obstrucción nasal, alteraciones de la olfación y otros (conjuntivitis, cefaleas, palidez de mucosas y/o dolor). Se administró el producto A 26 niños y 10 adultos. Los pacientes que recibieron Budesonide tanto niños como adultos, mostraron mejoría respecto al grupo placebo (p<0,01) y respecto de la evaluación previa al tratamiento (p<0,01). Los trastornos en la olfación mejoraron en los grupos con Budesonide: 22 niños: 84,62 por ciento y 8 adultos: 80 por ciento y en ninguno de los que recibieron placebo. En los grupos que emplearon el glucocorticoide disminuyeron todos los síntomas con diferencias estadísticamente muy significativas tanto en los grupos antes vs después como al compararlos con los grupos correspondientes que recibieron placebo. El producto aplicado en tópico intranasal, estaría indicado con posibilidades de efectos benéficos en el tratamiento de rinitis alérgica tanto en niños como en adultos
